Stéphane DUFOIX

L'auteur analyse les differentes strategies mises en oeuvre par les gouvernements des pays democratiques pour accueillir les refugies d'Europe de l'Est apres 1945 et utiliser leurs discours afin de decredibiliser l'image des democraties populaires

Les organisateurs de ce colloque ont eu la gentillesse de nous proposer d’y intervenir tout en sachant pertinemment que nous n’étions ni l’un ni l’autre des spécialistes de l’Italie en général et des quartiers Italiens en particulier. Il semble même que leur idée était de nous confier en quelque sorte le rôle du « candide » susceptible d’offrir un regard extérieur sur la question considérée. Nous avons pris cette invitation au sérieux et tenté, à partir de nos expériences de sociologues trava..

La periode de l�entre-deux-guerres en France est marquee par un veritable interet pour les Etats-Unis, interet qui se manifeste par la publication de recits de voyage, de romans, d�essais. Ces ouvrages et articles, parfois a fort tirage, donnent lieu a de vifs debats dans les revues et journaux. Si cet aspect a ete peu etudie, la ville americaine occupe neanmoins une place importante dans ces ecrits. Certains s�averent teintes d�une forte dimension critique, voire d�un anti-americanisme patent, lisant dans la ville americaine une forme inhumaine et machinisee alors que d�autres insistent sur la modernite de la metropole americaine et sur son caractere precurseur. Mais les descriptions de la ville americaine et de ses habitants laissent transparaitre la vision d�une civilisation americaine distincte, opposee presque terme a terme a une civilisation europeenne deja fragilisee. La difference entre l�ancien et le nouveau monde devient peu a peu une menace, celle qui guette la civilisation europeenne si elle ne parvient a defendre ses propres valeurs.

Aujourd’hui omnipresent dans le debat public francais, le terme communautarisme a subi d’importantes transformations semantiques a partir de la fin des annees 1980 lorsque son usage devient pejoratif et se limite a la societe francaise. Alors que le phenomene du communautarisme est considere depuis les annees 1990 comme l’ennemi de la Republique, le mot lui-meme est l’apanage des defenseurs du republicanisme. Au cours de ces memes annees il sert ainsi a designer toute forme de revendication jugee particulariste. Plus qu’un designant descriptif, il devient une forme d’accusation politique courante.

La discussion theorique sur le contenu de la notion de diaspora est souvent peu attentive a la facon dont s'organise concretement l'experience collective a l'etranger. L'etude comparee de trois travaux recents consacres aux Libanais en Australie, aux Tamouls en Norvege, et aux Sikhs en Grande-Bretagne, au Canada et aux Etats-Unis, montre toute la complexite de l'existence des communautes a l'etranger. En particulier, la transformation des contextes politiques dans le pays d'origine modifie profondement le sens de la migration, mais aussi celui de la vie a l'etranger, suspendue entre la recherche de la continuite par rapport a l'experience pre-migratoire et l'adaptation aux cadres economiques, sociaux et politiques du pays d'accueil. La definition englobante d'une diaspora, souvent consideree comme un ensemble d'individus de meme origine nationale vivant a l'etranger, ne peut alors epuiser l'etonnante labilite des mobilisations des emigres et de leurs identifications au pays d'origine.

A la fin des annees 1940, en France, une experience politique singuliere a ete menee par un petit groupe de personnes se presentant comme des citoyens du monde. Ils se proposaient d'ouvrer pour la mise en place d'une representation mondiale des peuples, prealable a l'instauration d'une paix mondiale durable. L'un des moyens utilises etait la "mondialisation" des territoires, par laquelle ces derniers pouvaient declarer leur appartenance au monde. L'etude de la mondialisation de Cahors au cours de cette periode invite a s'interroger sur le lexique mondialiste de cette experience, sur l'oubli assez general dans lequel est tombe cette entreprise, ainsi que sur ses reminiscences implicites dans les projets plus contemporains de reorganisation de la gouvernance mondiale.

Si la thematique de la reconnaissance des traumatismes historiques et des discriminations n'est pas nouvelle en France, elle a connu au cours des derniers mois une actualite tout a fait etonnante. En un an se sont succedes quatre episodes coorespondant a des prises de position sur trois phenomenes historiques, presentant la particularite d'etre a la fois disctincts les uns des autres et intimement lies: l'esclavage, la colonisation et l'immigration. L'A analyse ici la politique gouvernementale de la reconnaissance qui prevaut depuis juillet 2004, et insiste sur la disctinction entre memoire et histoire.

In recent years, social scientists have been increasingly present in the courts, either as defendants or as witnesses. In the first case, they may face accusations ranging from incompetence and libel to refusing to disclose important data or the names of their sources. In the second, when giving testimony in trials, they provide their professional expertise in order to help judges and juries come to a decision. All of this begs numerous questions about the status of social scientists in court. Does the fact that they more and more face prosecution demonstrate a need for the profession to defend its members? And does participation in trials as expert witnesses bring “truth” – as it is understood by social scientists – into conflict with the "truth" of the law? Contents The context is set by issue editors Laetitia Atlani-Duault and Stephane Dufoix, stressing the timeliness of the topic particularly with regards to the increasing intervention of governments. The body of the i...

Neologisme forge par les traducteurs de la Bible des Septante au iiie siecle avant l’ere chretienne, « diaspora » est generalement considere comme un terme dont l’usage antique n’est pas reserve aux seuls Juifs, puisqu’il s’appliquerait egalement a la « colonisation grecque ». Dans cette intervention, nous presenterons l’histoire des usages antiques de ce terme ainsi que les raisons de sa frequente – et pourtant fausse – association avec la colonisation grecque, avant de considerer les avantages et les inconvenients de l’anachronisme consistant a faire un usage contemporain de ce concept pour l’etude de la colonisation grecque dans l’Antiquite.

... distinguées par des critères qui ne sont pas directement socio-historiques : la langue, la religion, l'emplacement géographique ou le phénotype ... un autre sujet, l'intervention de Shepperson au Congrès de 1965[36] [36] Kenneth King, « James EK Aggrey: Collaborator, Nationalist ...

The recent (October-November 2020) intellectual and political polemics in France about "islamo-leftism" resurrected older fears about the threats that the French higher educational system being invaded by postcolonial, decolonial and indigenous studies. This paper tries to analyze the (false) reasons of these fears, and to bring up to the fore the importance of opening French social sciences to the external non-Western world.

This paper presents a critical review of the international discussions conducted for more than half a century on the "universal" or "situated" dimension of sociological theory, since it has become subject to anti-colonial, postcolonial and decolonial criticisms from a "Global South" which cannot recognized itself in a hegemonic Western-centric narrative of modernity, of "society", of globalization and of sociology. The first part focuses on the early internationalization of sociology as a universal modern social science and its first criticisms from the South, while the second part presents the contemporary postcolonial and decolonial criticisms, as well as the challenges they represent for a sociology that would claim describe the reality of the world beyond its "methodological nationalism" and its original Westerncentrism.

The word 'diaspora' has leapt from its previously confined use – mainly concerned with the dispersion of Jews, Greeks, Armenians and Africans away from their natal homelands – to cover the cases of many other ethnic groups, nationalities and religions. But this 'horizontal' scattering of the word to cover the mobility of many groups to many destinations, has been paralleled also by 'vertical' leaps, with the word diaspora being deployed to cover more and more phenomena and serve more and more objectives of different actors. With sections on 'debating the concept', 'complexity', 'home and home-making', 'connections' and 'critiques', the Routledge Handbook of Diaspora Studies is likely to remain an authoritative reference for some time. Each contribution includes a targeted list of references for further reading. The editors have carefully blended established scholars of diaspora with younger scholars looking at how diasporas are constructed 'from below'. The adoption of a variety of conceptual perspectives allows for generalization, contrasts and comparisons between cases. In this exciting and authoritative collection over 40 scholars from many countries have explored the evolving use of the concept of diaspora, its possibilities as well as its limitations. This Handbook will be indispensable for students undertaking essays, debates and dissertations in the field.

Written from a perspective of presenting the history of sociology differently, essentially by taking into consideration its development in other parts of the world than the only Euro-American sphere, this article focuses on how studying the history of sociology in Asia can be helpful to shed some different light on the discipline as a whole. In this respect, it will consider three specific moments: the inception moment in the late 19th and early 20th century (that most of the time implies a specific relationship to one other country or part of the world); the counter-hegemonic national moment, that has to do with the refusal of the epistemic hegemony (roughly between the 1930s and the 1950s); and the the transnational moment when, starting in the late 1960s, the struggle against hegemony takes an additional dimension through the establishment of continental or transcontinental institutional or personal networks or the appropriation of some counter-hegemonic concepts, ideas or au thors.

Relevance Talking about nationalism implies drawing a line between Us and Th em, the nation being a commonly shared circle of land, people, and history surrounded by a periphery composed of all the other lands, peoples, and histories. Th e nation is inscribed within strict boundaries separating it from the rest of the world. Th e inside is national; the outside is not. Th e more homogeneous the inside, the more united and the more true the nation. In this respect, the coincidence between the land and the people functions as an indicator of the limits of the nation. Th ough an ideal one, this view was fundamental in the age of nation-building: once the nation-state was established, it contained the right population on the right portion of land, with the exception of possible irredentist claims. Everything that contradicted this vision was treated as an anomaly, be it the presence of nationals abroad or the presence of foreigners within. As it could already be read in Plato's Laws, going abroad is as dangerous to the purity of the city as letting foreigners in. In either case, any relationship with the exterior had to be seriously monitored , if not strictly forbidden, for contact with foreign people or foreign lands was seen as a kind of pollution. But there was one important exception: this contact would be favored if it could benefi t the nation, for instance, by adding new territories to it. Th erefore, displacement toward other lands and the presence abroad of " national " populations historically belonged to two completely diff erent experiences: colonization on the one hand, in which the link to the metropolis was organized around the idea of empire and of domination by the state of those distant lands, as well as of the indigenous populations living there; and individual or collective emigration, on the other hand, for which the upholding of a link with the metropolis was, most of the time, subordinated to the existence of a " spirit of return " to the homeland, as though physical and temporal distance from the home territory was tantamount to aff ective distance from the nation itself and to the probable weakening of the allegiance to the state. In the fi rst case, the nation expands. In the second, it loses subjects. In 19th-century German states, if a citizen emigrated and did not return before 10 years, he was considered as having renounced his citizenship and was deprived of it. Th is latter example was not an isolated case at the time, and we can still see traces of this national reluctance concerning distance. Most democratic countries established diff erences among their own citizens, depending on whether they resided on national territory or abroad. Even the countries of emigration that strived NATIONS AND NATIONALISM: VOLUME 4 (1989–PRESENT)

In The Dispersion, Stéphane Dufoix skillfully traces how the word " diaspora " , first coined in the third century BCE, has, over the past three decades, developed into a contemporary concept often considered to be ideally suited to grasping the complexities of our current world. Spanning two millennia, from the Septuagint to the emergence of Zionism, from early Christianity to the Moravians, from slavery to the defence of the Black cause, from its first scholarly uses to academic ubiquity, from the early negative connotations of the term to its contemporary apotheosis, Stéphane Dufoix explores the historical socio-semantics of a word that, perhaps paradoxically, has entered the vernacular while remaining poorly understood. All interested in the word and the concept of diaspora from Antiquity to the present, in migration and transnationalism, and identity studies; scholars of historical semantics and sociology of concepts.