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One may say that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a very fashionable topic. There have been thousands articles written, hundreds researches and polls, many conferences and debates on that issue. There can be two questions raised:... more
One may say that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a very fashionable topic. There have been thousands articles written, hundreds researches and polls, many conferences and debates on that issue. There can be two questions raised: why a firm should introduce CSR strategy and what is the economic meaning of such a strategy. The first one has rhetoric sense, the second is rational in terms of an economical point of view. CSR is beneficial for both society and a company's environment. For the company itself it is perceived rather as a cost. The presented paper is a theoretical attempt to analyze CSR influence on a company's competitiveness. The main research question is: In what way CSR determines competitiveness of an organization? The analysis of literature and CSR reports can help to answer such a question
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The year 2020 is filledby new economic, social and environmental phenomena related to COVID-19 and its consequences. The global coronavirus pandemic affects every industry and all aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, one of the many... more
The year 2020 is filledby new economic, social and environmental phenomena related to COVID-19 and its consequences. The global coronavirus pandemic affects every industry and all aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, one of the many questions researchers raise, are changes in the methods of communication between organizations and stakeholders resulting from this global epidemic. The first purpose of the presented research is to get knowledge about public relations activities practiced during the crises of the 21st century, with particular emphasis on the coronavirus pandemic. The second goal is to test the suitability of James Grunig’s models during the pandemic crisis. The authors accept the thesis that the global crises that characterize the first years of the 21st century and the role of social media make it necessary to use models of PR practice different than those experienced in the 20th century. Hence, the research attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How ...
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Communication and communication systems are topics widely discussed in the literature of the subject. However, the analysis of the specific subjects of this study as courts, is so far a subject that is rarely discussed in empirical... more
Communication and communication systems are topics widely discussed in the literature of the subject. However, the analysis of the specific subjects of this study as courts, is so far a subject that is rarely discussed in empirical research as well as in a debate at the level of communication theory. The paper presents the results of survey research on internal communication in district and regional courts in the context of trust building. The study assumes that there is a relationship between communication on a given project tasks, communication on project management and non‑formal communication, and confidence in the public institution and its management. The results of the research clearly showed the existing relationship between satisfaction coming from the proper communication, and the level of employee trust in the court as a place of work.
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Developing a coherent and comprehensive brand of a country is of vital importance for a destination in the contemporary global world. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the literature regarding the application of visual signs... more
Developing a coherent and comprehensive brand of a country is of vital importance for a destination in the contemporary global world. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the literature regarding the application of visual signs practiced in country branding. The subject of the study: The research identifies the logos of the European Union countries used in place branding. The purpose of the study is the exploration of the logo content from the senders’ perspective, i.e., the structures and organizations responsible for the country branding. There are many reasons why logos are used in place branding practice. The authors decided to focus on the logo as a form of controlled and projected message communicated via media and ICT. Cognitive gap: The research conducted so far has focused on the reception of logos by the recipients. The presented research attempts to examine the visual message contained in logos from the senders’ perspective. Research methods and data collection techniq...
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The purpose of the research is the empirical verification of the authors’ hypothesis that the logo or City Visual Identity System (CVIS) is the indicator of marketing and branding orientation of a particular self-government. The first... more
The purpose of the research is the empirical verification of the authors’ hypothesis that the logo or City Visual Identity System (CVIS) is the indicator of marketing and branding orientation of a particular self-government. The first objective of the article is to present an empirical base for city logo examination taking into account the visual signs of Polish towns used in promotional activities. The second objective is to analyse the content of logo. To reach the objectives the authors examined 335 cities’ logo in Poland using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. During the research 211 (63%) of the cities surveyed used the logo in promotional practice. The study confirms the hypothesis that the city’s logo can be used as a preliminary indicator of the local government’s marketing orientation. The content analysis indicates that marketing activities are based primarily on resources (Ger. Substanz) of cities, not on products offered.
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Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest analiza procesu zarządzania tożsamością wizualną miejsca oraz próba oceny jego wdrożenia na przykładzie działań Urzędu Miasta Katowice. Metodami zastosowanymi w procesie realizacji celu są studia... more
Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest analiza procesu zarządzania tożsamością wizualną miejsca oraz próba oceny jego wdrożenia na przykładzie działań Urzędu Miasta Katowice. Metodami zastosowanymi w procesie realizacji celu są studia literaturowe dotyczące zarządzania tożsamością miejsca oraz procesem jego promocji, a także analiza dokumentów opublikowanych na stronie internetowej miasta, związanych z tym procesem. Autorzy rozważają proces zarządzania identyfikacją wizualną miejsca, aby wypracować model pozwalający na praktyczne zastosowanie. Następnie podejmują próbę oceny tego modelu w praktyce działań promocyjnych realizowanych przez miasto Katowice. W podsumowaniu wskazują na rolę interesariuszy w tym procesie.
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The principal objective of the article is to examine responsibility as a value helping to enhance the ability of organisation to deal with highly institutionalised environment in which it operates, and which has an impact on the... more
The principal objective of the article is to examine responsibility as a value helping to enhance the ability of organisation to deal with highly institutionalised environment in which it operates, and which has an impact on the decoupling process. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the development of the sphere of responsibility may support to deal with the complexity of organisation and its environment. To verify the hypothesis the review of literature was undertaken as the research method. Decoupling process is neither good nor bad although it bears ethical dilemmas. The results of the literature examination let to make the conclusion that responsibility is a value that allows organization to solve dilemmas resulting from the complexity and controversy of the decoupling phenomenon. The authors propose to concentrate on the individuals managing and co-forming the organisation in the light of responsibility.
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The literature on the activities of public relations (PR) is getting richer. Also, numerous empirical studies on the PR process, methods and techniques are conducted, as well as analyses on the effectiveness of PR and ethics in this... more
The literature on the activities of public relations (PR) is getting richer. Also, numerous empirical studies on the PR process, methods and techniques are conducted, as well as analyses on the effectiveness of PR and ethics in this field. There is a relatively small number of studies that examine decision-making processes by PR practitioners. Despite numerous discussions on the issue of decision-making, methods of decision making in public relations are not a subject of research and debate. Most decisions in this area are probably made unsystematically and in a very individual way. However, the introduction of effective methods, proven in other areas, which support decision making practice related to communication processes, can help to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in the field of building relationships with the stakeholders. The authors show how the use of cognitive maps and the WINGS method can help PR consultants to choose a PR strategy in situations ...
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Streszczenie: Autorzy kontynuują rozważania dotyczące narzędzi wspomagania procesu podejmowania decyzji w public relations. Po pierwszych studiach nad procesem podejmowania decyzji w sytuacji kryzysowej, tym razem analizują podejmowanie... more
Streszczenie: Autorzy kontynuują rozważania dotyczące narzędzi wspomagania procesu podejmowania decyzji w public relations. Po pierwszych studiach nad procesem podejmowania decyzji w sytuacji kryzysowej, tym razem analizują podejmowanie decyzji w realizacji jednego ze strategicznych działań, jakim są relacje inwestorskie. Autorzy, biorąc pod uwagę wielość umiejętności niezbędnych w praktyce PR, analizują je pod kątem ustrukturyzowania problemu oraz wykorzystania narzędzi wspomagania decyzji zaczerpniętych z podejścia systemowego oraz metod wielokryterialnych. Punktem wyjścia rozważań jest teza o złożoności procesu podejmowania decyzji w PR, wynikająca z wielości czynników determinujących ten proces oraz wymagających rozpatrzenia. Dlatego autorzy poszukują metod wspomagających, które ułatwią wybór odpowiedniego podejścia do rozwiązania problemu.
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Since the use of New Public Management (NPM) in practice, public sector institutions have used methods and techniques of private sector management. The aim of this article is theoretical analysis of local government involvement in... more
Since the use of New Public Management (NPM) in practice, public sector institutions have used methods and techniques of private sector management. The aim of this article is theoretical analysis of local government involvement in marketing activities. Empirical research carried out by the authors on the logo content contributed to the research question: how one can assess the effectiveness of marketing activities of local government? Authors reviewed critically literature on marketing and NPM. Authors argue that local government must undertake actions in the field of territorial marketing, but so far no measurable indicators have been developed to assess this involvement.
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The starting point of the presented research is the theory of destination marketing, in which the concept of destination branding is the key element. Destination branding models include the idea of visual brand identity, which includes... more
The starting point of the presented research is the theory of destination marketing, in which the concept of destination branding is the key element. Destination branding models include the idea of visual brand identity, which includes the logo as a crucial element. Since the 1980s, the concept of sustainable development has shaped the society and global economy, including tourism. Tourists are increasingly guided by the analysis of the tourist area in terms of the importance of nature and the possibility of spending free time responsibly. They look for a sustainable tourist offer. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the tourist offers of Polish territorial units in terms of visual message—logo and its content, and to examine whether they comprise design components that reveal the sustainable development of the destination. The research method was content analysis of promotional signs. Sustainable development in tourism focuses on three pillars: nature, responsible touris...
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Purpose – Heuristics and biases are simplifying strategies that people (in the analysed issue – negotiators) use in the decision-making process, even when they can take advantage of supporting tools (e.g. Negotiation Support System),... more
Purpose – Heuristics and biases are simplifying strategies that people (in the analysed issue – negotiators) use in the decision-making process, even when they can take advantage of supporting tools (e.g. Negotiation Support System), which will allow them to make the optimal choice [Wachowicz, 2006]. Many empirical studies have found that decision makers use heuristics and are biased [Bateman, Zeithaml, 1989; Jackson, Dutton, 1988; Kahneman et al. 1982; Zajac, Bazerman, 1991]. Therefore, the question should be asked: are negotiators, like managers (whose decisions were examined), instead of consciously and intentionally using tools supporting decision-making during negotiations, subject to heuristics and cognitive errors? As a consequence of this general question one may ask the specific research questions: (1) What heuristics do the negotiators undergo? (2) How do heuristics influence the decision-making process? (3) How can the impact of heuristics and biases be minimized by takin...
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Making long-term decisions and developing successful policy is always a challenge for a governing body. Within the framework of causal mapping, we evolved a model for the problem of creating and reinforcing a city’s image. Then, the model... more
Making long-term decisions and developing successful policy is always a challenge for a governing body. Within the framework of causal mapping, we evolved a model for the problem of creating and reinforcing a city’s image. Then, the model was enhanced into a quantitative form and processed with a novel approach: the extended form of the Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System (WINGS). A real-life case study of the city of Katowice showed that the presented approach can be helpful for city authorities. It reinforces the understanding of the problem, facilitates choosing policy options, and supports sustainable city development.
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Developing coherent and comprehensive regional and cities’ brands is of vital importance for places, as branding can contribute to the success in tourism, investment and of the region itself. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the... more
Developing coherent and comprehensive regional and cities’ brands is of vital importance for places, as branding can contribute to the success in tourism, investment and of the region itself. There seems to be a recognizable gap in the literature regarding the application of visual signs used in place marketing that should present a city, region or a country. The paper outlines the most important challenges as well as mistakes in management of visual identity creation in Silesia region, in Poland. This research attempts to identify and analyse logos of the cities and communes of the Silesian Voivodship . The main purpose of this exploration is to describe the Silesian visual identity through practiced visual signs called logos. The authors try to find answers for the following research questions: 1. What trends are typical for visual presentation of the cities in the Silesian Voivodship? 2. What image of the region is presented when exploring logos of the Silesian cities? 3. How log...
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The literature on the activities of public relations (PR) is getting richer. Also, numerous empirical studies on the PR process, methods and techniques are conducted, as well as analyses on the effectiveness of PR and ethics in this... more
The literature on the activities of public relations (PR) is getting richer. Also, numerous empirical studies on the PR process, methods and techniques are conducted, as well as analyses on the effectiveness of PR and ethics in this field. There is a relatively small number of studies that examine decision-making processes by PR practitioners. Despite numerous discussions on the issue of decision-making, methods of decision making in public relations are not a subject of research and debate. Most decisions in this area are probably made unsystematically and in a very individual way. However, the introduction of effective methods, proven in other areas, which support decision making practice related to communication processes , can help to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in the field of building relationships with the stakeholders. The authors show how the use of cognitive maps and the WINGS method can help PR consultants to choose a PR strategy in situations which can seriously jeopardize the organization's reputation.