- Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion
University of Bergen
Postboks 7805, 5020 Bergen, NORWAY
- Rome, City of, Ostia (Archaeology), Ravenna, Constantinople, Tiber Valley, Urban History, and 30 moreUrban Studies, Comparative Urbanism, Medieval urban history, Landscape History, Late Antiquity, Roman History, Roman Archaeology, Byzantine History, Byzantine Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Ancient History, Ancient Geography, Maritime History, Maritime Archaeology, Social History, Cultural History, Archaeology, History, Classics, Reception Studies, Anthropology of Food, Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology), Classical Archaeology, Byzantine Studies, Urbanism, Late Antique and Byzantine Studies, Roman ports, Roman Trade Networks, Roman Economy, and Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerceedit
- Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Bergen I study the impact traffic and movement have on urba... moreProfessor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Bergen
I study the impact traffic and movement have on urban development in major cities of the Roman Empire. The focus of my research has been the Subura district in central Rome, city gate areas in Rome’s eastern periphery, harbour quarters in southern Rome, and in Ostia, the port city of Rome, in the time period 100-500 CE. I have also studied how capital cities may express political status through architecture and ritual, with a focus on Rome, Constantinople and Ravenna in the period 300-800 CE. Furthermore, I have investigated the rituals surrounding banquets in the imperial palaces at Rome and Constantinople.edit
This study examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. The focus is on the banquets held in the palace of Domus Augustana in Rome and in the... more
This study examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. The focus is on the banquets held in the palace of Domus Augustana in Rome and in the Great Palace in Constantinople during the period AD 330-580. Five aspects are used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional values, religion, precedence, consensus and tradition. Through banquets, the emperor demonstrated that he had the appropriate qualities of a ruler, adhered to values shared by emperor and elite, and served their common good. In other words, the political power of the Roman emperor was legitimated by projecting the ideology of imperial rule through the medium of ritualized, communal feasting.
Research Interests: Late Antique and Byzantine History, Late Antique and Byzantine Studies, Propaganda, Anthropology of Food, Ritual, and 9 moreIdeology, Late Antiquity, Imperial Rome, Constantinople, Palaces and City Archaeology, Banquet Customs, House Architecture, Roman social practices, Palace, Politics of Dining, and Urban Studies: Constantinople/Istanbul
This study looks at two locations in Rome, at Ripetta and Pietra Papa, that could function as a departure for a discussion about harbour neighbourhoods in the city. Since we lack complete preserved ancient urban districts in Rome, as... more
This study looks at two locations in Rome, at Ripetta and Pietra Papa, that could function as a departure for a discussion about harbour neighbourhoods in the city. Since we lack complete preserved ancient urban districts in Rome, as opposed to Pompeii or Ostia, this study will have to combine material from two ancient harbours at Rome, complemented by information about harbour life in early modern Rome. Specific forms of urban neighbourhoods probably evolved in harbours, which were characterised by the interaction between permanent and temporary residents. Neighbourhoods can be seen as socio-spatial phenomena that go beyond material culture. Studying them may challenge the material focus of archaeology by forcing us to look specifically at intangible social relations and human activities that do not necessarily leave any physical traces. This contribution uses material from different periods to highlight the possibility of port functions and neighbourhood arrangements that are not visible in the archaeological or textual material from ancient Rome. It also discusses trajectories of change in the harbours in the short term (days), midterm (seasons) and long term (centuries).
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Within the urban area of Rome, along 18 km of the Tiber, there is a concentration of large- scale archaeological remains related to the port. Through an examination of these remains, this contribution will try to demonstrate that thecity... more
Within the urban area of Rome, along 18 km of the Tiber, there is a concentration of large- scale archaeological remains related to the port. Through an examination of these remains, this contribution will try to demonstrate that thecity of Rome might have been one of the major port cities of the ancient Mediterranean world. The study aims to demonstrate the size of the port not only by providing an overview of most of the known port facilities, mainly based on archaeological finds, but also by using the evidence provided by ancient literary and legal texts, inscriptions, and the marble plans of Rome. It will focus on the time which saw a great expansion of the port, beginning in the early second century BCE, until it reached its maximum extent, in the middle of the second century CE.
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The chapter investigates the mutual impact of river traffic and urban development at Rome in the long term. It sets out the limitations and variations in the use of the Tiber, and how these could be pushed by new infrastructure,... more
The chapter investigates the mutual impact of river traffic and urban development at Rome in the long term. It sets out the limitations and variations in the use of the Tiber, and how these could be pushed by new infrastructure, technology and organization to increase the volume of river traffic, producing five moments of change in movement on the Tiber between the second century BCE and the fifth century CE. The chapter also compares Rome’s links with the Tiber valley through its northern ports and with the Mediterranean through its southern ports, thereby hoping to understand the Tiber’s role in the dispersed hinterland of Rome.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Classics, Maritime History, and 16 moreLate Antique Archaeology, Urbanism, Rivers, Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology), Traffic Engineering, Imperial Rome, Republican Rome, Urban Development, Ports and Harbours, Traffic Management, Ancient Rome, Harbour Archaeology, late antique Rome, Tiber Valley, Ancient Ports and Harbours, and Roman Archaeology
Ravenna had a special character as a Mediterranean port city in several aspects. The aim is to trace some of these traits and how they affected the city. Ravenna’s development was in some ways typical of Mediterranean ports of its era,... more
Ravenna had a special character as a Mediterranean port city in several aspects. The aim is to trace some of these traits and how they affected the city. Ravenna’s development was in some ways typical of Mediterranean ports of its era, but also almost unique through its combination of military, commercial and political importance. Ravenna had an important geographic position at the mouth of the Po, was connected to a series of navigable coastal lagoons and a major road, and possessed a huge natural harbour basin. It was defensible, could be supplied from the sea and was close to the eastern Alpine passes, though still protected by the barrier of the Po. These advantages propelled it on a path of gradually increasing importance, first as a naval base, to which was later added considerable commercial importance, until it eventually became the political centre of the Roman Empire in the west.
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The chapter explores how emperors could exploit the symbolic potential of palace and city gates as highly visible locations for the display of programs in art, text and architecture, and tries to elucidate the reasons and impact of these... more
The chapter explores how emperors could exploit the symbolic potential of palace and city gates as highly visible locations for the display of programs in art, text and architecture, and tries to elucidate the reasons and impact of these images. It further looks at the growing martyr cult beyond the city gates, and specifically how the cults of Laurence and Stephen were related to imperial patronage, relic translations and ideology. The contribution also investigates the physical links between these saintly shrines, city gates and imperial residences.
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As Mehmed Fatih developed ideas of world dominion, the symbols and ideology surrounding the sultan also changed dramatically in 1477 with the promulgation of the law code Kanunname, which, among other things, regulated the administrative... more
As Mehmed Fatih developed ideas of world dominion, the symbols and ideology surrounding the sultan also changed dramatically in 1477 with the promulgation of the law code Kanunname, which, among other things, regulated the administrative and religious hierarchy of the state, and the court ceremonies. It turned the Ottoman state into a highly centralised and authoritative regime, and the sultan into a semi-divine and secluded ruler. This body of ceremonies lacked Ottoman and Muslim predecessors, and was most probably inspired by Byzantine books of ceremonies.
With this situation in mind, it could be fruitful to compare the Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperors with the new Topkapı Palace. The idea is to dwell on some of the remarkable similarities the two palaces displayed, and attempt to illuminate some of the reasons behind these resemblances. I will only give a brief comparative outline of the two palaces, and will therefore not generally discuss style, specific architectural elements or the problems of topographical location and identification, but will rather dwell on general structural and functional aspects of the palaces. Rather than trying to cover the whole palaces, I will concentrate on a few highly charged locations.
With this situation in mind, it could be fruitful to compare the Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperors with the new Topkapı Palace. The idea is to dwell on some of the remarkable similarities the two palaces displayed, and attempt to illuminate some of the reasons behind these resemblances. I will only give a brief comparative outline of the two palaces, and will therefore not generally discuss style, specific architectural elements or the problems of topographical location and identification, but will rather dwell on general structural and functional aspects of the palaces. Rather than trying to cover the whole palaces, I will concentrate on a few highly charged locations.
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The focus of this chapter is movement through the Porta Esquilina in the Republican Wall and the Porta Tiburtina in the Aurelianic Wall, alongside an evaluation of the mutual influence of traffic and urban development from the time of... more
The focus of this chapter is movement through the Porta Esquilina in the Republican Wall and the Porta Tiburtina in the Aurelianic Wall, alongside an evaluation of the mutual influence of traffic and urban development from the time of Augustus to the late fifth century. Two decisive moments are identified. The first is the Augustan period, characterized by a great expansion and modernization of the infrastructure in the periphery. The second is the fifth century, by which time the construction of the Aurelianic Wall has led to the development of new urban nodes and a process of monumentalization of the Porta Tiburtina area.
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This study concerns the urban periphery of Rome in the period 200 to 500 AD. Our thesis is that the periphery in this period obtained a new meaning and gradually began to surpass the centre in importance, and that this displacement of... more
This study concerns the urban periphery of Rome in the period 200 to 500 AD. Our thesis is that the periphery in this period obtained a new meaning and gradually began to surpass the centre in importance, and that this displacement of activity-nodes and movement created decisive prerequisites for the polycentric structure which was to dominate the urban development of Rome up to the nineteenth century. The main focus of thisinvestigation will be on areas and situations contextually related to the Via Tiburtina, mainly from the Clivus Suburanus inside the Porta Esquilina to and somewhat beyond the Aurelian Wall. The defined period begins with the Severan dynasty’s monumentalization of the area between Porta Esquilina and Porta Maggiore around 200. The following three centuries present a flourishing periphery all around Rome. However, after 500 this flourishing is concentrated in only two areas: the Lateran and Vatican, probably due to the huge loss in city population at that time. This marks the end of the period under investigation in this article. The years 200–500 comprise major shifts in the power structure of the Roman Empire and the rise of new driving forces which transform Rome’s spatial configuration and the physical and mental limits between centre and periphery.
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The main idea behind this article is to try to explain how one navigated a Roman urban environment, an environment which must have been bewildering to many Romans, and chaotic to our modern eyes. The analysis will benefit from the use of... more
The main idea behind this article is to try to explain how one navigated a Roman urban environment, an environment which must have been bewildering to many Romans, and chaotic to our modern eyes. The analysis will benefit from the use of the theoretical model promoted by the urban planner Kevin Lynch. Working from field reconnaissance and interviews Lynch developed a model of how people understood their surroundings in consistent and predictable ways, forming mental maps. These mental representations contain many unique elements, which are defined by Lynch as a network of paths, districts, landmarks, edges and nodes. This article hopes to contribute to this field by applying Lynch’s theories to an analysis of the urban stretch of the Via Tiburtina, using archaeological and literary sources and a third-century marble plan of Rome.
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This paper examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. Five aspects are here used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional... more
This paper examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. Five aspects are here used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional values, religion, precedence, acclamation and tradition. Through banquets, the emperor showed that he adhered to these values, had the appropriate qualities of a ruler and served the common good of the elite.
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Research Interests: Ancient History, Classics, Propaganda, Urban History, Rome, City of, and 15 moreAncient Topography (Archaeology), Constantinople, Constantine, Bureaucracy, Ravenna, Roman Architecture, Bishops, Capital city, Imperial ritual, Imperial mausolea, Roman senate, Constantinian dynasty, Theodosius, Theoderic, and Roman Archaeology
This article discusses the importance of precedence at Roman and Middle Byzantine imperial banquets. The reader will first be given an outline of the general importance of hierarchy in Roman society, followed by section dealing with haute... more
This article discusses the importance of precedence at Roman and Middle Byzantine imperial banquets. The reader will first be given an outline of the general importance of hierarchy in Roman society, followed by section dealing with haute cuisine and etiquette. This is followed by a discussion of the more specific importance of precedence at banquets, and how a banquet hierarchy developed. Finally, it will examine the physical expressions of hierarchy at imperial banquets with special reference to the main banquet hall in the Great Palace in Constantinople, the Triclinium of the Nineteen Couches.
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This article analyses rituals on the Via Tiburtina, and their impact on the bid for power in late antique Rome. The focus will be on the interaction of human activity with physical and mental structures, taking into consideration ritual,... more
This article analyses rituals on the Via Tiburtina, and their impact on the bid for power in late antique Rome. The focus will be on the interaction of human activity with physical and mental structures, taking into consideration ritual, ideology, symbols, boundaries and monuments along the road. To put the study of the late antique Via Tiburtina in a wider perspective, a comparison with one road in Ravenna in the same period will also be undertaken. Ravenna was chosen because it represents the other seat of imperial might in Italy at the time. Moreover, it allows interesting comparisons between developments around Rome and in the north of Italy.
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ABSTRACT
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... No fulltext in DiVA. Create reference ». Author: Malmberg, Simon (Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga ... Publication type: Conference paper (Refereed). Language: English. In: Feast, Fast or Famine: Food and Drink in... more
... No fulltext in DiVA. Create reference ». Author: Malmberg, Simon (Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga ... Publication type: Conference paper (Refereed). Language: English. In: Feast, Fast or Famine: Food and Drink in Byzantium. Year of publ.: 2005. ...
Public life in Rome was dominated by a very small group of people, making up at most one percent of the population. Even though they were so few, we know quite a lot about them. What was a day like in the life of this one percent? This... more
Public life in Rome was dominated by a very small group of people, making up at most one percent of the population. Even though they were so few, we know quite a lot about them. What was a day like in the life of this one percent?
This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union
This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union
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Today, cities are more important than ever: for the first time in human history, most of us are living in cities. By looking at ancient Greek and Roman cities, we can learn more about the variety of urban experiences. How could people... more
Today, cities are more important than ever: for the first time in human history, most of us are living in cities. By looking at ancient Greek and Roman cities, we can learn more about the variety of urban experiences. How could people with different cultures, languages and religions coexist, and even flourish? And how come some of these ancient cities did not survive, while others remain major cities today, having stood the test of time?
This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union.
This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union.
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Excursion to the remains of the imperial palaces on the Palatine in Rome.