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Simon Malmberg
  • Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion
    University of Bergen
    Postboks 7805, 5020 Bergen, NORWAY
This study examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. The focus is on the banquets held in the palace of Domus Augustana in Rome and in the... more
This study examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. The focus is on the banquets held in the palace of Domus Augustana in Rome and in the Great Palace in Constantinople during the period AD 330-580. Five aspects are used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional values, religion, precedence, consensus and tradition. Through banquets, the emperor demonstrated that he had the appropriate qualities of a ruler, adhered to values shared by emperor and elite, and served their common good. In other words, the political power of the Roman emperor was legitimated by projecting the ideology of imperial rule through the medium of ritualized, communal feasting.
The Moving City: Processions, Passages and Promenades in Ancient Rome focusses on movements in the ancient city of Rome, exploring the interaction between people and monuments. Representing a novel approach to the Roman cityscape and... more
The Moving City: Processions, Passages and Promenades in Ancient Rome focusses on movements in the ancient city of Rome, exploring the interaction between people and monuments. Representing a novel approach to the Roman cityscape and culture, and reflecting the shift away from the traditional study of single monuments into broader analyses of context and space, the volume reveals both how movement adds to our understanding of ancient society, and how the movement of people and goods shaped urban development.
Research Interests:
This study looks at two locations in Rome, at Ripetta and Pietra Papa, that could function as a departure for a discussion about harbour neighbourhoods in the city. Since we lack complete preserved ancient urban districts in Rome, as... more
This study looks at two locations in Rome, at Ripetta and Pietra Papa, that could function as a departure for a discussion about harbour neighbourhoods in the city. Since we lack complete preserved ancient urban districts in Rome, as opposed to Pompeii or Ostia, this study will have to combine material from two ancient harbours at Rome, complemented by information about harbour life in early modern Rome. Specific forms of urban neighbourhoods probably evolved in harbours, which were characterised by the interaction between permanent and temporary residents. Neighbourhoods can be seen as socio-spatial phenomena that go beyond material culture. Studying them may challenge the material focus of archaeology by forcing us to look specifically at intangible social relations and human activities that do not necessarily leave any physical traces. This contribution uses material from different periods to highlight the possibility of port functions and neighbourhood arrangements that are not visible in the archaeological or textual material from ancient Rome. It also discusses trajectories of change in the harbours in the short term (days), midterm (seasons) and long term (centuries).
In this paper we present an overview of the Ancient Cities project’s outcomes and experiences with producing and testing digital educational material in the field of archaeology. In the first part, the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)... more
In this paper we present an overview of the Ancient Cities project’s outcomes and experiences with producing and testing digital educational material in the field of archaeology. In the first part, the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Discovering Greek & Roman Cities is introduced with respect to its target audiences and learning objectives, the ways in which it was disseminated to the target audiences, and how its structure and learning material were developed. Based on several questionnaires
answered by the participants and user data from the MOOC platform itself, we were able to collect comprehensive information on the demography of the participants, their expectations, and their experiences. These data allow us to draw conclusions about the opportunities and difficulties of open education in the historical humanities. In the
second part, we show how the course’s materials were successfully implemented in academic teaching at the Panthéon-Sorbonne University, the University of Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), and the University of Pennsylvania. These examples highlight how smaller academic fields in the humanities can design and enhance their respective teaching environments in the digital age.
The paper presents the international, multilingual teaching project 'Ancient Cities'. The contributors explain the production of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) 'Discovering Greek & Roman Cities', its structure and learning material... more
The paper presents the international, multilingual teaching project 'Ancient Cities'. The contributors explain the production of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) 'Discovering Greek & Roman Cities', its structure and learning material (such as videos, introductory texts, and quizzes), the participants’ varied demographics and their feedback. Furthermore, they show how the course’s materials were successfully implemented in academic teaching at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and at the University of Pennsylvania.
The paper presents the MOOC Discovering Greek & Roman Cities, created by an international team under the Strategic Partnership (ERASMUS+) Ancient Cities. In two runs in fall 2019 and spring 2020, the course has reached a total of 4,800... more
The paper presents the MOOC Discovering Greek & Roman Cities, created by an international team under the Strategic Partnership (ERASMUS+) Ancient Cities. In two runs in fall 2019 and spring 2020, the course has reached a total of 4,800 learners. In this paper, we present an overview of the course's target audiences and learning objectives, as well as the ways in which we promoted the MOOC to the target audiences. Following this, we present the structure and the learning material developed. Based on several questionnaires answered by the participants and user data of the MOOC platform, we were able to collect comprehensive information on the demography of the participants, their expectations and their experiences. These data allow us to draw conclusions about the opportunities and difficulties of open education in the historical humanities, which will be discussed.

Der Aufsatz stellt den MOOC Discovering Greek & Roman Cities vor, der von einem internationalen Team im Rahmen der Strategischen Partnerschaft (ERASMUS+) Ancient Cities erstellt worden ist. In zwei Durchgängen im Herbst 2019 und Frühjahr 2020 hat der Kurs insgesamt 4.800 Lernende erreicht. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über die Zielgruppen und Lernziele des Kurses und stellen vor, auf welchen Wegen wir den MOOC bei den Zielgruppen bekannt gemacht haben. Daran anschließend stellen wir die Struktur und das erarbeitete Lernmaterial vor. Auf Basis mehrere Fragebögen, die von den Teilnehmer*innen beantwortet worden sind, sowie Nutzerdaten der MOOC-Plattform haben wir umfassende Informationen über die Demographie der Teilnehmer*innen, ihre Erwartungen und ihre Erfahrungen sammeln können. Diese Daten lassen Aussagen über Chancen und Schwierigkeiten offener Bildungsangebote in den historischen Geisteswissenschaften zu, die diskutiert werden.
Within the urban area of Rome, along 18 km of the Tiber, there is a concentration of large- scale archaeological remains related to the port. Through an examination of these remains, this contribution will try to demonstrate that thecity... more
Within the urban area of Rome, along 18 km of the Tiber, there is a concentration of large- scale archaeological remains related to the port. Through an examination of these remains, this contribution will try to demonstrate that thecity of Rome might have been one of the major port cities of the ancient Mediterranean world. The study aims to demonstrate the size of the port not only by providing an overview of most of the known port facilities, mainly based on archaeological finds, but also by using the evidence provided by ancient literary and legal texts, inscriptions, and the marble plans of Rome. It will focus on the time which saw a great expansion of the port, beginning in the early second century BCE, until it reached its maximum extent, in the middle of the second century CE.
Research Interests:
The chapter investigates the mutual impact of river traffic and urban development at Rome in the long term. It sets out the limitations and variations in the use of the Tiber, and how these could be pushed by new infrastructure,... more
The chapter investigates the mutual impact of river traffic and urban development at Rome in the long term. It sets out the limitations and variations in the use of the Tiber, and how these could be pushed by new infrastructure, technology and organization to increase the volume of river traffic, producing five moments of change in movement on the Tiber between the second century BCE and the fifth century CE. The chapter also compares Rome’s links with the Tiber valley through its northern ports and with the Mediterranean through its southern ports, thereby hoping to understand the Tiber’s role in the dispersed hinterland of Rome.
Research Interests:
Ravenna had a special character as a Mediterranean port city in several aspects. The aim is to trace some of these traits and how they affected the city. Ravenna’s development was in some ways typical of Mediterranean ports of its era,... more
Ravenna had a special character as a Mediterranean port city in several aspects. The aim is to trace some of these traits and how they affected the city. Ravenna’s development was in some ways typical of Mediterranean ports of its era, but also almost unique through its combination of military, commercial and political importance. Ravenna had an important geographic position at the mouth of the Po, was connected to a series of navigable coastal lagoons and a major road, and possessed a huge natural harbour basin. It was defensible, could be supplied from the sea and was close to the eastern Alpine passes, though still protected by the barrier of the Po. These advantages propelled it on a path of gradually increasing importance, first as a naval base, to which was later added considerable commercial importance, until it eventually became the political centre of the Roman Empire in the west.
The chapter explores how emperors could exploit the symbolic potential of palace and city gates as highly visible locations for the display of programs in art, text and architecture, and tries to elucidate the reasons and impact of these... more
The chapter explores how emperors could exploit the symbolic potential of palace and city gates as highly visible locations for the display of programs in art, text and architecture, and tries to elucidate the reasons and impact of these images. It further looks at the growing martyr cult beyond the city gates, and specifically how the cults of Laurence and Stephen were related to imperial patronage, relic translations and ideology. The contribution also investigates the physical links between these saintly shrines, city gates and imperial residences.
As Mehmed Fatih developed ideas of world dominion, the symbols and ideology surrounding the sultan also changed dramatically in 1477 with the promulgation of the law code Kanunname, which, among other things, regulated the administrative... more
As Mehmed Fatih developed ideas of world dominion, the symbols and ideology surrounding the sultan also changed dramatically in 1477 with the promulgation of the law code Kanunname, which, among other things, regulated the administrative and religious hierarchy of the state, and the court ceremonies. It turned the Ottoman state into a highly centralised and authoritative regime, and the sultan into a semi-divine and secluded ruler. This body of ceremonies lacked Ottoman and Muslim predecessors, and was most probably inspired by Byzantine books of ceremonies.

With this situation in mind, it could be fruitful to compare the Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperors with the new Topkapı Palace. The idea is to dwell on some of the remarkable similarities the two palaces displayed, and attempt to illuminate some of the reasons behind these resemblances. I will only give a brief comparative outline of the two palaces, and will therefore not generally discuss style, specific architectural elements or the problems of topographical location and identification, but will rather dwell on general structural and functional aspects of the palaces. Rather than trying to cover the whole palaces, I will concentrate on a few highly charged locations.
The focus of this chapter is movement through the Porta Esquilina in the Republican Wall and the Porta Tiburtina in the Aurelianic Wall, alongside an evaluation of the mutual influence of traffic and urban development from the time of... more
The focus of this chapter is movement through the Porta Esquilina in the Republican Wall and the Porta Tiburtina in the Aurelianic Wall, alongside an evaluation of the mutual influence of traffic and urban development from the time of Augustus to the late fifth century. Two decisive moments are identified. The first is the Augustan period, characterized by a great expansion and modernization of the infrastructure in the periphery. The second is the fifth century, by which time the construction of the Aurelianic Wall has led to the development of new urban nodes and a process of monumentalization of the Porta Tiburtina area.
This study concerns the urban periphery of Rome in the period 200 to 500 AD. Our thesis is that the periphery in this period obtained a new meaning and gradually began to surpass the centre in importance, and that this displacement of... more
This study concerns the urban periphery of Rome in the period 200 to 500 AD. Our thesis is that the periphery in this period obtained a new meaning and gradually began to surpass the centre in importance, and that this displacement of activity-nodes and movement created decisive prerequisites for the polycentric structure which was to dominate the urban development of Rome up to the nineteenth century. The main focus of thisinvestigation will be on areas and situations contextually related to the Via Tiburtina, mainly from the Clivus Suburanus inside the Porta Esquilina to and somewhat beyond the Aurelian Wall. The defined period begins with the Severan dynasty’s monumentalization of the area between Porta Esquilina and Porta Maggiore around 200. The following three centuries present a flourishing periphery all around Rome. However, after 500 this flourishing is concentrated in only two areas: the Lateran and Vatican, probably due to the huge loss in city population at that time. This marks the end of the period under investigation in this article. The years 200–500 comprise major shifts in the power structure of the Roman Empire and the rise of new driving forces which transform Rome’s spatial configuration and the physical and mental limits between centre and periphery.
The main idea behind this article is to try to explain how one navigated a Roman urban environment, an environment which must have been bewildering to many Romans, and chaotic to our modern eyes. The analysis will benefit from the use of... more
The main idea behind this article is to try to explain how one navigated a Roman urban environment, an environment which must have been bewildering to many Romans, and chaotic to our modern eyes. The analysis will benefit from the use of the theoretical model promoted by the urban planner Kevin Lynch. Working from field reconnaissance and interviews Lynch developed a model of how people understood their surroundings in consistent and predictable ways, forming mental maps. These mental representations contain many unique elements, which are defined by Lynch as a network of paths, districts, landmarks, edges and nodes. This article hopes to contribute to this field by applying Lynch’s theories to an analysis of the urban stretch of the Via Tiburtina, using archaeological and literary sources and a third-century marble plan of Rome.
This paper examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. Five aspects are here used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional... more
This paper examines how banquets hosted by the Roman emperor were vehicles of imperial propaganda and expressions of the ruler’s political legitimation. Five aspects are here used in the analysis of imperial banqueting: traditional values, religion, precedence, acclamation and tradition. Through banquets, the emperor showed that he adhered to these values, had the appropriate qualities of a ruler and served the common good of the elite.
This article discusses the importance of precedence at Roman and Middle Byzantine imperial banquets. The reader will first be given an outline of the general importance of hierarchy in Roman society, followed by section dealing with haute... more
This article discusses the importance of precedence at Roman and Middle Byzantine imperial banquets. The reader will first be given an outline of the general importance of hierarchy in Roman society, followed by section dealing with haute cuisine and etiquette. This is followed by a discussion of the more specific importance of precedence at banquets, and how a banquet hierarchy developed. Finally, it will examine the physical expressions of hierarchy at imperial banquets with special reference to the main banquet hall in the Great Palace in Constantinople, the Triclinium of the Nineteen Couches.
This article analyses rituals on the Via Tiburtina, and their impact on the bid for power in late antique Rome. The focus will be on the interaction of human activity with physical and mental structures, taking into consideration ritual,... more
This article analyses rituals on the Via Tiburtina, and their impact on the bid for power in late antique Rome. The focus will be on the interaction of human activity with physical and mental structures, taking into consideration ritual, ideology, symbols, boundaries and monuments along the road. To put the study of the late antique Via Tiburtina in a wider perspective, a comparison with one road in Ravenna in the same period will also be undertaken. Ravenna was chosen because it represents the other seat of imperial might in Italy at the time. Moreover, it allows interesting comparisons between developments around Rome and in the north of Italy.
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Research Interests:
Art
The two workshops were organized in the frame of the activities of the Research Group on Ancient History, Culture and Religions at the University of Bergen on the topics of:
1. Museology-Archaeopolitics
2. Urbanism
Research Interests:
The MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is ready for registration at https://ou.edia.nl/courses/course-v1:AncientCities_Project+DGRC+DGRC_2020/about A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c The... more
The MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is ready for registration at https://ou.edia.nl/courses/course-v1:AncientCities_Project+DGRC+DGRC_2020/about

A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c

The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 23 April 2020.

The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.

The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
Research Interests:
The MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is ready for registration at https://ou.edia.nl/courses/course-v1:AncientCities_project+DGRC+DGRC_2019/about A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c The Massive... more
The MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is ready for registration at https://ou.edia.nl/courses/course-v1:AncientCities_project+DGRC+DGRC_2019/about

A teaser is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGgRPbCL31c

The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The course is available in German, English and French from 12 September 2019.

The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.

The MOOC "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" will not only communicate knowledge about the layout and function or the historical development of ancient cities. The aim of the course is also to promote interest in and discussion of the (ancient) cultural heritage in one's own city. The MOOC's digital platform makes it possible for several hundred people from different cultural backgrounds with different educational backgrounds to take part in the course - a number and diversity that cannot be achieved through lectures or seminars at universities.
Research Interests:
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession... more
The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Discovering Greek&Roman Cities" is aimed at people interested in archaeology, art and cultural history, architecture and history. The participation does not require prerequisites such as possession of a qualification or a level of performance in earlier studies The course can be accessed online free of charge. Over a period of eight weeks, experts from five different European countries will impart basic knowledge about ancient cities and methods of urban archaeology. In this way, participants learn about the complexity of the ancient cultural heritage. The project is committed to the European idea, so the course will be available in German, English and French from 12 September 2019.

The course is divided into eight modules. After an introduction, life, religion, death, politics, infrastructure and the economy of ancient cities will be discussed. The last module focuses on the legacy of ancient cities and the role of the ancient heritage in our cities today. Each module consists of three 10-minute videos. Following these clips, the participants can work on further assignments, answer quiz questions and go deeper into the subject matter on the basis of selected literature references. An online forum is available for virtual discussions and exchange with the teachers. Once a week, one of the lecturers gives insight into their own research area in a video conference and is also available to answer questions. Once the participants have watched all the videos and completed the corresponding assignments, they can finally receive an official certificate confirming their successful participation in the course.
ABSTRACT
uu.se. Publications. ...
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
... No fulltext in DiVA. Create reference ». Author: Malmberg, Simon (Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga ... Publication type: Conference paper (Refereed). Language: English. In: Feast, Fast or Famine: Food and Drink in... more
... No fulltext in DiVA. Create reference ». Author: Malmberg, Simon (Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga ... Publication type: Conference paper (Refereed). Language: English. In: Feast, Fast or Famine: Food and Drink in Byzantium. Year of publ.: 2005. ...
Public life in Rome was dominated by a very small group of people, making up at most one percent of the population. Even though they were so few, we know quite a lot about them. What was a day like in the life of this one percent? This... more
Public life in Rome was dominated by a very small group of people, making up at most one percent of the population. Even though they were so few, we know quite a lot about them. What was a day like in the life of this one percent?

This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union
Today, cities are more important than ever: for the first time in human history, most of us are living in cities. By looking at ancient Greek and Roman cities, we can learn more about the variety of urban experiences. How could people... more
Today, cities are more important than ever: for the first time in human history, most of us are living in cities. By looking at ancient Greek and Roman cities, we can learn more about the variety of urban experiences. How could people with different cultures, languages and religions coexist, and even flourish? And how come some of these ancient cities did not survive, while others remain major cities today, having stood the test of time?

This video is part of the MOOC "Discovering Greek & Roman Cities" which was produced by the Strategic Partnership "Ancient Cities", a cooperation between the Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, the University of Aarhus, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athen, the University of Bergen, the Open University of the Netherlands and Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. The University of Pennsylvania is an external partner. The project was co-funded by the ERASMUS+ grant programme of the European Union.
A presentation of the work of Simon Malmberg and I on the Erasmus+ Ancient Cities project so far.
More info on the project can be read here: https://www.ancientcities.eu/
Research Interests:
Excursion to the remains of the imperial palaces on the Palatine in Rome.