Ethnogenesis (archaeology)

New Spain’s northwestern province of Alta California constituted a frontier for the waning years of the Spanish empire’s imperial interests of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. For the founding colonists, however, California was a frontier for new beginnings. Through the examination of diverse primary sources, including census records and mission registers, the Interrogatorio de 1812, and an 1814 respuesta to the Interrogatorio by Fray Amorós, this paper examines colonial identity formation and its recontextualization on the frontier. It is this latter document by Father Amorós that in part serves to demonstrate that the utilization of the six casta
identifications ceased to be applicable to those colonial populations of the frontier. As such, this paper explores how it was that Alta California provided an opportunity for soldiers and settlers to reject the sistema de castas (caste system) practiced in New Spain in order to establish a
distinctive and more unified identity as gente de razón. In addition, this paper examines other incentives or pull-factors that motivated prospective soldiers and settlers to relocate to Alta California. The Spanish military settlement of El Real Presidio de San Carlos de Monterey, better known as the Royal Presidio of Monterey, herein serves as a case study. Ultimately, this study intends to contribute to the current scholarship on the history and presidial ethnogenesis of Monterey within the broader context of the Spanish colonial experience of the Provincias Internas, and Alta California in particular.

Ivangorodsky Kostiantyn. The Ethnic History of East Slavs in the contemporary historiography (Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian discourses).
In the study are analyzed modern historiographic discourses of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, devoted to the ethnic history of Eastern Slavs communities during the pre-Mongol era.  Exactly scientific analysis of that problem is of great importance on the background of the great pressure of ideologies and political engagement, including the absence of such a historiographic study (especially based on a broad comparative approach) until now. We have established that for now in all the historiography, mentioned above, are dominated the models of the Slavs’ ethnic history, constructed in the Soviet era.
In the study have been found out the state of that topic scientific development, its factual priorities, has been formed representative base of sources, have been developed the conceptual and methodological foundations of the research, has been determined the theoretical specificity of ethno-historical reconstruction, taking into account the main trends in the development of modern ethnological science.
Also have been characterized the source study approaches in the newest Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian historiographies, and have been traced the potential of the corresponding verification of sources by historians in the course of «east-slavic» ethnic history study. Described theoretical and methodological models and the difficulties of their application in the ethnohistorical reconstructions of Eastern Slavic communities offered by modern researchers, are convinced us in the urgent need for a radical improvement in this segment of the entire post-Soviet humanities.
A detailed analysis of available sources, as well as outlining the weaknesses in theory, methodology and terminology that are involved in solving the problem, allowed us to reveal more deeply the essence of the latest concepts of the Eastern Slavic communities ethnic history  proposed by modern Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian scholars, to identify the main research strategy in this area, synchronously comparing the development of the corresponding historical thought in the designated national historiography areas.
According to Soviet tradition, archaeologists pay most attention to the Eastern Slavs communities ethnic history in modern post-Soviet historiographs. Although in the Belarusian discourse this problem is covered rather fragmentary and often depends on the specific scientific explored object of one or another archaeologist – usually from a certain archaeological culture associated with ethnogenesis and early East Slavic ethnic history. In general, modern Belarusian historiography cannot yet boast of any conceptual achievements in the field of Eastern Slavs ethnic history reconstruction, including the Belarusians ethnogenesis.
The most developed and popular, but at the same time extremely debatable, schematized and biased in modern Russian historiography is the V. Sedov concept. His controversial hypotheses receive many criticisms and refutations in the framework of «east-slavic» historiography. It does not stand up to criticism his apologeticism regarding the so-called «Old-Rus’ nationality», which the scientist seeks to prove (completely arbitrarily) solely on archaeological materials.
Most of the modern Ukrainian historiography versions of this problem study are also represented primarily by archaeologists. But it is worth to note, that within the framework of historical and ethnological reconstructions  of Eastern Slavs ethnic history, represented by Ukrainian experts, there are more variability of concepts and hypotheses, compared with similar discourses in Belarus and Russia. Although, as in the last two, the “nationalized” approach is also dominant in Ukrainian.

This research models continuities and changes in networks of pottery production and exchange among Ancestral Puebloan communities in two neighboring regions of the Tewa Basin in northern New Mexico; the Pajarito Plateau and the Rio Grande Valley. Quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is employed to precisely measure trace elemental concentrations in clay paste mixtures to identify and distinguish local and non local ceramics. Results suggest that over time, reliance on imported wares decreased. Moreover, increasing localized production and standardization of design features and vessel forms at these villages temporally aligns with the emergence of novel and diversely constituted ancestral Tewa communities of identity and practice in the Northern Rio Grande region.

The study analyzes the origins and transformations of the Guarani Missions in Paraguay, founded by priests of the Society of Jesus in the borderlands of the Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. Based on the analysis of events that occurred between the 17th and 19th centuries, the author reconstructs indigenous agency and the political and religious dynamics operating within the missions. The research is based on primary sources from archives and libraries in Europe and the Americas, providing a complex perspective on the practices of indigenous peoples and other sectors of colonial society before and after the Jesuit expulsion. Religion and Power in the Guarani Missions constitutes a major contribution to the understanding of indigenous agency in the context of colonial and postcolonial state formation, and broader socioeconomic and political changes in the borderlands. The book illustrates how, over the period of two centuries, the missions constituted a space of human interaction, where indigenous peoples negotiated their own meanings of time and history.

В сборнике представлены учебно-исследовательские работы студентов второго курса исторического факультета ПГГПУ, подготовленные  в рамках дисциплины «Этногенез народов Урала». Работы охватывают широкую научную тематику, касающуюся теории этноса и этногенеза, а также этнической истории уральских народов.
Сборник будет интересен школьникам, студентам и всем тем, кто только начинает свое знакомство с этнической историей Урала.

Книга, конечно, уже старая, но местами годится и, насколько я знаю, используется. Поэтому выкладываю имеющийся у меня скан, сделанный неведомыми доброхотами. Тут же выкладываю ещё полезную рецензию В. Чуракова. ВНИМАНИЕ! Оглавение во  "Введении" - на 254 странице, а не в самом конце.

The rise of Cahokia, the largest precontact Native American city north of Mexico, was precipitated by centripetal and centrifugal mobilizations of peoples, ideas, objects, and practices. To interrogate outward Cahokian movements as diasporic, I reassess relationships between Cahokia and the Angel polity on the northeastern Mississippian frontier. I approach Mississippian communities through a relational framework as ever-emerging assemblages constituted by both human and non-human actors. This framework emphasizes ethnogenesis as a process of diaspora whereby dispersed groups are in a perpetual state of community-making outside of, but in reference to, a homeland. I focus on an analysis of the Angel assemblage of Ramey Incised pottery, a power-laden Cahokian object, and determine that Angel Ramey exhibits local paste signatures in what are otherwise primarily Cahokian-style pots. Further, I contextualize artifactual connections with socio-spatial practices of Angel communities and demonstrate that aligning residential structures and communal features to a Cahokian cosmography was a principal part of community-identity-making throughout the Angel polity. Ultimately, I argue that relationships with Cahokia motivated ethnogenesis in Angel communities.

ARTICLES
Flyorov V. S.
The Tsymlyansk complex of Khazar time
on the Lower Don  4
Tokarenko S.F., Rebrov A.Yu.
Manufacturing technology of building ceramics in Khazar khaganate. Reconstruction experience 40
Rastoropov A.V.
Issues of early ethnic history of the Hungarians-Magyars 70
Khristova M.
Ceramics from bi-ritual burials grounds on the Lower Danube and issues of its chronology 91
Ponomarenko E.V., Ponomarenko D.S. Stashenkov D.A., Kochkina A.F.
Approaches to the reconstruction of dynamic of the territory occupation
according to the soil signs 126
Semykin Yu.A.
Raw material sources for iron metallurgy in Prehistory and Middle
Ages in the Volga-Sviyaga interfluve area 161
Vinnichek V.A., Kireeva K.M.
Results of the archeological investigations of
settlement Zarechenskoe 1 in 2013 – 2014  179
Massalitina G.A., Boldin I.V.
Chronicle Kozelsk. Issues and stages of archaeological investigation  198
Kuz’minykh S.V., Smirnov A.S.
Archaeology in the North-Eastern Archaeological and Ethnographic Institute 214
CRONICLE
Sitdikov A.G., Shakirov Z.G., Karimov I.R.
On the main results of scientific activities in 2014 by the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences 241
Soloviev B.S.
To Valery Valentinovich Nikitin’s 75th anniversary 260
Karimov I.R. To А.М.
Gubaydullin’s jubilee 265
Izmailov I.L.
To the memory of Mikhail Viktorovich Gorelik (1946-2015) 271
List of abbreviations  281
Rules for authors 284
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Статьи
Флёров В.С.
Цимлянский комплекс хазарского времени на Нижнем Дону 4
Токаренко С.Ф., Ребров А.Ю.
Технология изготовления строительной керамики в Хазарском каганате 40
Расторопов А.В.
Вопросы ранней этнической истории венгров-мадьяр 70
Христова М.
Керамика из биритуальных могильников Нижнего Дуная и вопросы ее хронологии 91
Пономаренко Е.В., Пономаренко Д.С., Сташенков Д.А., Кочкина А.Ф.
Подходы к реконструкции динамики заселения территории по почвенным признакам 126
Семыкин Ю.А.
Сырьевые источники металлургии железа древности и средневековья в Волго-Свияжском междуречье 161
Винничек В.А., Киреева К.М.
Итоги археологических исследований Зареченского 1 селища в 2013 – 2014 гг. 179
Массалитина Г.А., Болдин И.В.
Летописный Козельск. Проблемы и этапы археологического исследования 198
Кузьминых С.В., Смирнов А.С.
Археология в Северо-Восточном археологическом и этнографическом институте 214
Хроника
Ситдиков А.Г., Шакиров З.Г., Каримов И.Р.
Об основных итогах научной деятельности Института археологии им. А.Х. Халикова
Академии наук Татарстана в 2014 году  241
Соловьев Б.С. В
алерию Валентиновичу Никитину − 75 лет  260
Каримов И.Р.
К юбилею А.М. Губайдуллина  265
Измайлов И.Л.
Памяти Михаила Викторовича Горелика (1946–2015) 271
Список сокращений  281
Правила для авторов  284

‘Bushmen’ are often thought of as smaller in stature and paler of skin than southern African pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, yet this is a stereotype of the San partly perpetuated by the popular media and partly by the colonial tendency to classify according to appearance. The surviving San of the Kalahari have become the model for San throughout the subcontinent. In the nineteenth century, words like Bushman, San, BaTwa, and BaRoa were used to denote economy, not just race. If one was perceived to be a hunter-gatherer then one was ‘Bushman’. Some ‘Bushman’ groups designated themselves as such, even though they practiced stock-keeping. There were advantages to being ‘Bushman’ on a destabilised frontier, which meant that peoples of differing cultural backgrounds sometimes banded together and actively created new ‘Bushman’ identities that met their needs: cohesion, subsistence and protection. In one particular instance this was done in such a way that the group survives in the paintings they made of themselves with horses, cattle, dogs and muskets, in the rock shelters from where they raided their neighbours.

For your interest, regarding the current debate on 'ethnicity', identity and otherness among the Barbarians in the Roman and post-Roman west, we include the full text of the book "Gentes Barbarae '. The book was published in September 2011 by the University of Murcia, in the prestigious series "Antigüedad y Cristianismo". One of the objectives of this book is to provide a current view (in spanish and directed to a spanish-speaking audience) about the research on 'barbarian world'. Indeed, Spanish historiography has virtually ignored the concept of ethnogenesis applied to the study of the so-called 'barbarian societies' in the Roman and post-Roman West (during the Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages). The pioneer and most representative of this 'School' in Spain is Prof. L. A. García Moreno, followed by some researchers as G. Ripoll and J. López Quiroga. Criticism and the radical rejection of the 'ethnic' interpretation of the archaeological material (particularly that related to the misnamed "Visigothic necropolis') is a common element in this line of interpretation in the context of the ethnogenesis paradigm.

This paper outlines major historical developments connecting prehistoric Cherokee settlements and societies with those present when Spanish expeditions traversed the southern Appalachians during the 1500s, and with the groups of Cherokee towns present during interactions with English and French colonists during the 1700s. Public structures known as townhouses, and public plazas adjacent to them, were critical architectural spaces to these developments, because they were settings for the events during which Cherokee households created and renewed shared identities as Cherokee towns and communities.

A number of studies from Tel Aviv date the rise of the pork taboo in Israel as early as the Iron Age I in order to salvage the notion that the taboo was a reaction to the pork-consuming habits of the hated Philistines. Though neither DNA analysis nor pig bone ratios support this scenario, these studies explain how the abhorrence of Iron Age Israel-ites for pork was eventually canonised in the Persian era. The present paper challenges the validity of each stage of the proposed scenario, arguing that the Hellenistic-era ethnic diff erentiation based on pork consumption cannot be pushed as far back as the Iron Age. Much has been written about why pigs are not kosher (Lev 11:7; Deut 14:8). Pigs are supposedly ill adapted to the Judean climate, they are infested with worms, they occupy the same place on the food chain as humans, 1 or they are unsuited to a nomadic lifestyle which most probably explains why not a single pig is listed besides the thousands of other animals recorded on the Banquet Stele of Aššurnaṣirpal II. 2 Other explanations focus on what pigs do not produce. Producing no milk, no wool, no traction and only poor-quality leather, pigs played no role in the 'Secondary Products Revolution'. 3 As this revolution occurred well over two millennia before the rise of the biblical ban, it is clear that humans had other reasons to fi nd pigs useful. Often cited in theological circles to explain the rise of the pork taboo, Mary Douglas declared the pig carrier of the odium of multiple pollutions. First it pollutes because it defi es the classifi cation of ungulates. Second, it pollutes because it eats carrion. Third, 1 Harris 1977: 162; Sasson 2010: 70. 2 Grayson 1991: 175-76. Foster and Salgues (2006: 290) argue that the absence of pork on the menu is due to the fact that Aššurnaṣirpal (883-859) ruled during and after a period of major Aramean presence in Mesopotamia.

“Brothertown” was the name given a multitribal Christian settlement of English-speaking native peoples that was founded in the late eighteenth century. In this essay I explore the give-and-take of social identity from the perspective of written correspondence between Brothertown Indians and outsiders, both Indian and Euroamerican. I focus specifically on the name Brothertown, tracing its emergence and transformation through time and assessing its importance in the unfolding of Brothertown history. Shifting uses of the name speak to social identity as negotiated between authors and addressees, while broader considerations of the name within the politics of colonial North America reveal the centrality of ethnonymy and other modes of reference in shaping colonial interactions.

This study aimed to find out the history of the settlement of Western Eurasia by Homo sapiens. As a result, it was concluded thatthe genetic basis of most populations of Western Eurasia is the ancestral cluster of Western European hunters and gatherers(WHG), as well as its derivatives, mixed clusters of Paleolithic specimens from the Caucasus, from the Dzudzuana cave, huntersand gatherers of Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Northern Eurasia.
Данное исследование ставило своей целью выяснить историю заселения Западной Евразии Homo sapiens. В результате был сделан вывод, что генетической основой большинства популяций Западной Евразии является предковый кластер западноевропейских охотников и собирателей (WHG), а также производные от него, смешанные кластеры палеолитических образцов с Кавказа, из пещеры Дзудзуана (Dzudzuana), охотников и собирателей Европы, Ближнего Востока, Северной Африки и Северной Евразии.

Le site d’Eva 2 a livré les vestiges d’un village amérindien de l’époque historique en Guyane française. Le mobilier collecté nous confronte avec une chronologie longue qui s’étale entre 1650 et 1900 de notre ère. En comparant la céramique découverte lors de la fouille et celle des collections de poterie amérindiennes du XIXe siècle, conservées dans différents musées européens, on observe une ambigüité chronologique. Ce décalage conduit à faire l’hypothèse d’une transformation de la céramique produite par les Amérindiens de la bande littorale, nommés Galibi par les premiers colons, au cours de l’époque coloniale ainsi que du développement d’une production répondant à la demande des colons, notamment tout au long du XIXe siècle.

Ivangorodsky K. Balts component in the Concept of East Slavic ethnogenesis by Valentin Sedov.
The ethnic specific of East Slav associations never lost the scientific actuality, without regard to the enormous studios devoted to this problem. It must be noticed their quality is not always proper. Speed evolution of modern post-soviet national historiography has outlined practically complete ignoring each other’s ideological field. Absence of such approach is undoubted, that is why there is the necessity of more attentive analysis of modern authors looks, among them - Russian. In modern Russian historiography there are researchers that try to modernize the soviet version of ethnogenesis of east slavs, although the new facts and approaches attracted by them certify complete methodological inadequacy of «Old-russian nationality» theory. Conception of the known Russian archaeologist Valentine Sedov (1924–2004) belongs to them.
In the article the brought analysis over of conception of Slavic етногенезу of V. Sedov in that her part that is sanctified to influence on this process of балтів. In particular and on forming of ethnos of Belaruss, and also reception of this hypothesis by modern Russian historiography.
To the factor of balts a researcher in all labours gave primary value, as considered justly, that problem of ethnogenesis of slavs and them early history can not be got to know it is isolated from historical processes that took place in the nearby regions of Europe, but initial history of slavs of closely is casebound with history of Celt, Germans, Scythians, Sarmats and balts. In one of the last interviews of V. Sedov said, that dreamed to write large research from ethnic history of balts, but, unfortunately, through death, already it did not go to court him to do it. However, he had time to publish as early as 1992 small labour by Latvian in Riga, sanctified to old balts. Mainly this range of problems is analysed to them in great numbers scientific studios. On ethnologic interpretation in the east slavs environment of medieval twenty-four hours there was the built and doctoral dissertation of V. Sedov (1967) a balts component. he first tried to distinguish balts substrat in medieval Slavic artifacts. Essentially a scientist analysed forming of specific of east slavs on territory of modern Belarus and North-west of Russia, as a result of assimilation of local балтських tribes by slavs that moved here westerly.
The looks of V. Sedov are analysed in relation to participating of balts in forming of ethnos of Belaruss. Territory of Belarussian ethnogenesis from ancient times was sufficiently densely populated by associations that belonged to balts of ethnic language array and, as data of archaeology, hydronimic and anthropology testify, assimilated east slavs. The archaeological and linguistic sources brought over to the Moscow scientists to the study of Belarussian ethnogenesis on the whole brought him over to the appropriate conclusion about powerful influence of balts on this process. However in modern historiography far not all accede to the chart of early ethnic history of east slavs offered by him.
Key words: Valentine Sedov, balts, slavs, east slavs, Belaruss, ethnogenesis, historiography.

Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине «Этногенез народов Урала» составлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования по направлению 050100 «Педагогическое образование».
Дисциплина входит в «Профессиональный» цикл, относится к  вариативной  части учебного плана ООП дисциплины по выбору.
Учебно-методический комплекс предназначен для преподавателей, студентов, слушателей курсов и т.д.

Presenta una visión panorámica de la situación de los pueblos indígenas Americanos al inicio del proceso independentista, analizada a través de tres ejes de reflexión, su autonomía ecológica, su grado de control cultural y su capacidad de etnogénesis.

A map of Slovienia and an Italian novel: two useful starting points in order to understand the ethnogenesis of a people and the link between language and cultural identity, as much as the one between cultural phenomena and the individual processes of subjectification. The essay uses semiotic tools, in particular the models developed by Lotman and Greimas, and proposes to introduce (1) the distinction between central and peripheral in the topology of culture and (2) the concept of entanglement between subjects.

Archaeologists working in culture contact zones have devoted much of their attention to the ethnic component of cross-cultural relations, expecting that such interactions will lead to an exaggeration of ethnic differences and some of these differences will be detectable in the archaeological record. While this can be the case, ethnicity is never the only axis of social identification, and sometimes – especially in colonial or national frontiers – civic identity supersedes it as the more significant organizing principle of a population. This study of vecino identity, a civic identity that united a multiethnic population of New Mexican villagers during the late Spanish colonial period, serves as a reminder that diverse populations often came together as communities, and that membership within these communities could be equally or more important than affiliation with an ethnic group.