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Sheila Macrine, Ph.D.
  • Umass Datmouth
  • 508-910-9234
<p>Embodied cognition theories are different from traditional theories of cognition in that they specifically focus on the mind–body connection. This shift in our understanding of how knowledge is acquired challenges Cartesian, as... more
<p>Embodied cognition theories are different from traditional theories of cognition in that they specifically focus on the mind–body connection. This shift in our understanding of how knowledge is acquired challenges Cartesian, as well as computational theories of cognition that emphasize the body as a "passive" observer to brain functions, and necessary only in the execution of motor actions. Historically, mental representations within the brain were typically considered abstractions of the original information (i.e., mental representations). Accordingly, these amodal (disembodied) theories provided the knowledge used in cognitive processes, but did not reflect the original sensorimotor states themselves. In contrast, Embodied cognition provides a starting point to advance our understanding of how perceptual, sensorimotor and multisensory approaches facilitate and encourage learning throughout the lifespan. Derived from embodied cognition, embodied learning constitutes a contemporary pedagogical theory of knowing and learning that emphasizes the use of the body in educational practice. Embodied learning approaches scientifically endorse and advance sensorimotor learning, as well as offer potentially useful tools for educators. This article begins with a discussion on the historical progression of embodied understanding in the disciplines of philosophy, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, with a focus on how embodied cognition differs from traditional models of cognition. Empirical evidence from varied field domains (e.g., reading, handwriting, STEM fields, haptic technology, mixed reality, and special education) are presented that show how embodied learning increases and facilitates learning and memory. Discussions within each content area draw upon embodied principles and show why the reviewed techniques facilitate learning. Also discussed are examples on how these principles can be further integrated into educational curriculum, with an eye toward the learner as a unified whole.</p>
In this chapter, Sheila L. Macrine revisits and evolves her original concept of Pedagogies of Neoliberalism (2016) with a new iteration called Critical Pedagogies of Neoliberalism. This new model helps to develop a critical framework to... more
In this chapter, Sheila L. Macrine revisits and evolves her original concept of Pedagogies of Neoliberalism (2016) with a new iteration called Critical Pedagogies of Neoliberalism. This new model helps to develop a critical framework to identify and to disrupt neoliberalism’s hidden, and not so hidden, hegemonic social and political practices and policies by adding educational components and advancing a critical and activist response. The creation of Critical Pedagogies of Neoliberalism can help to identify these threats by naming some of neoliberalism’s most effective weapons.
Neste artigo, a autora procura criar uma consciencia no leitor sobre a falta de pesquisa na area de educacao de estudantes cultural e linguisticamente diversos (CLD) sem deficiencias. Isto se torna ainda mais importante ao se reconhecer a... more
Neste artigo, a autora procura criar uma consciencia no leitor sobre a falta de pesquisa na area de educacao de estudantes cultural e linguisticamente diversos (CLD) sem deficiencias. Isto se torna ainda mais importante ao se reconhecer a necessidade de se educar estudantes CLD com deficiencia para que possamos desafiar as atuais politicas de educacao especial e inclusao por serem de fato praticas inerentemente exclusivas (FERRI; CONNOR, 2005). Somente assim poderemos cumprir o objetivo de educar “todas” as criancas para participar numa democracia (GIROUX; SCHMIDT, 2004; FURMAN; SHIELDS, 2003). Nesse artigo, Macrine apresenta os maiores desafios enfrentados por estudantes CLD com deficiencia e como esses desafios criam barreiras para o sucesso, tanto na escola como posteriormente. A autora argumenta que e imperativo interromper estas praticas de exclusao e criar uma “forma diferente de se falar que possa revisitar, informar, criticar, mas, sobretudo imaginar o que pode ser feito” co...
ABSTRACT Cognitive psychology has undergone a paradigm shift in the ways we understand how knowledge is acquired and represented within the brain, yet the implications for how this impacts students’ learning of material across disciplines... more
ABSTRACT Cognitive psychology has undergone a paradigm shift in the ways we understand how knowledge is acquired and represented within the brain, yet the implications for how this impacts students’ learning of material across disciplines has yet to be fully applied. In this article, we present an integrative review of embodied cognition, and demonstrate how it differs from previously held theories of knowledge that still influence the ways in which many subjects are taught in the classroom. In doing so, we review the literature of embodied learning in the areas of reading instruction, writing, physics, and math. In addition, we discuss how these studies can lead to the development of new learning strategies that utilized the principles of embodied cognition.
Imagining a Global Democratic Public Sphere: Reclaiming Feminism, Schooling and Economic Justice --A review of Robin Goodman's World, Class, Women. Sheila L. Macrine, Ph.D. World, Class, Women: Global Literatures ...
Developmental screening has become an established component of child health programs in many developed countries. The research objective of this project was to translate and adapt a developmental assessment (Oregon Project Skills... more
Developmental screening has become an established component of child health programs in many developed countries. The research objective of this project was to translate and adapt a developmental assessment (Oregon Project Skills Inventory) for use with young children with visual impairments who speak Arabic. The study was prompted by the lack of developmental screening tools in Arabic and to determine whether young children with visual impairments in Qatar were meeting developmental milestones within normal limits. This project has the potential to make significant contributions to the field of cross-cultural assessment.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The university, as cultural critic Edward Said insisted, is the one public space available to real alternative intellectual practices: no other institution like it exists anywhere else in the world today on such a scale. Yet to many, the... more
The university, as cultural critic Edward Said insisted, is the one public space available to real alternative intellectual practices: no other institution like it exists anywhere else in the world today on such a scale. Yet to many, the encroachment of antidemocratic challenges ...
Imagining a Global Democratic Public Sphere: Reclaiming Feminism, Schooling and Economic Justice --A review of Robin Goodman's World, Class, Women. Sheila L. Macrine, Ph.D. World, Class, Women: Global Literatures ...
This book brings together a group of leading international scholars to examine the paradoxical roles of schooling in reproducing and legitimizing large-scale structural inequalities along the axes of race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and... more
This book brings together a group of leading international scholars to examine the paradoxical roles of schooling in reproducing and legitimizing large-scale structural inequalities along the axes of race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and disability. Through critical engagements with contemporary theories of class and cultural critique, the book questions the inherited dogma that underlies both liberal and conservative and also social democratic approaches to teaching and makes a spirited case for teaching as a critical and ...
In this perspective piece, we briefly review embodied cognition and embodied learning. We then present a translational research model based on this research to inform teachers, educational psychologists, and practitioners on the benefits... more
In this perspective piece, we briefly review embodied cognition and embodied learning. We then present a translational research model based on this research to inform teachers, educational psychologists, and practitioners on the benefits of embodied cognition and embodied learning for classroom applications. While many teachers already employ the body in teaching, especially in early schooling, many teachers’ understandings of the science and benefits of sensorimotor engagement or embodied cognition across grades levels and the content areas is little understood. Here, we outline seven goals in our model and four major “action” steps. To address steps 1 and 2, we recap previously published reviews of the experimental evidence of embodied cognition (and embodied learning) research across multiple learning fields, with a focus on how both simple embodied learning activities—as well as those based on more sophisticated technologies of AR, VR, and mixed reality—are being vetted in the c...
Published in the United States of America by ScarecrowEducation An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 ww w. scarecroweducation. com PO Box 317 Oxford... more
Published in the United States of America by ScarecrowEducation An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 ww w. scarecroweducation. com PO Box 317 Oxford OX29RU. UK Copyright© 2004 by ...
ABSTRACT This chapter examines pedagogy that has been bound and gagged by techno-rational approaches to education. It is an examination of emancipator “body politics” for a radical theory and practice of education. It addresses the... more
ABSTRACT This chapter examines pedagogy that has been bound and gagged by techno-rational approaches to education. It is an examination of emancipator “body politics” for a radical theory and practice of education. It addresses the question of the body in the context of the struggle for a more democratic, plural and equitable culture. Specifically, it focuses on these issues: Why, and in what ways, has the body emerged as a vital and resonant focus or site for a self- and socially reflexive politics? What does a critical or emancipatory pedagogy in which the body/subject is significant mean, in terms of both educational theory and practice? In what ways should body politics and pedagogy be seen as a place in which both normative/oppressive and emancipatory processes are simultaneously at work?
ABSTRACT As the NCLB legislation trickles down to local school districts, its impact is likely to fundamentally alter the relationship between the federal government, the states, and America’s 14,500 public school districts. This shift in... more
ABSTRACT As the NCLB legislation trickles down to local school districts, its impact is likely to fundamentally alter the relationship between the federal government, the states, and America’s 14,500 public school districts. This shift in the balance of power of education, from states and local school districts to big government, is the most significant in a generation. Looming behind the veneer and rhetoric of the Bush education plan is a set of destructive actions that are designed to destroy public education by enabling a huge exodus into risky experimental alternatives.2 “No Child Left Behind” is much more than a label devised by clever promoters.

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Brings together internationally leading scholars to critically analyze the relationships among education and neoliberal and neoconservative policy efforts efforts to destabilize schools, universities and other state apparatuses... more
Brings together internationally leading scholars to critically analyze the relationships among education and neoliberal and neoconservative policy efforts efforts to destabilize schools, universities and other state apparatuses
    Includes new contributions from scholars across varied fields such as Psychology, Educational Policy, and Feminist theory
    Introduces readers to concepts of ‘banking’ education, dialogue, subjectivity, praxis, and critical consciousness
This chapter responds to Giroux’s (2006) call to all public intellectuals to take action and to develop democratic emancipatory projects that challenge neoliberalism’s power, dominance and oppression, and to defend democracy, democratic... more
This chapter responds to Giroux’s (2006) call to all public intellectuals to take action and to develop democratic emancipatory projects that challenge neoliberalism’s power, dominance and oppression, and to defend democracy, democratic public life and the public sphere in these uncertain times. In response, academics, scholars, and activists are asked to be seen and to see themselves as public intellectuals who provide an indispensable service to the world, and to resist the narrow confines of academic labor by becoming multi-literate in a global democracy in ways that not only allow access to new information and technologies but also enable us to become border-crossers.
Research Interests:
On the two-year anniversary of its enactment, NCLB education reforms continue to garner rock-solid support from a majority of Americans, accord- ing to a new national poll released by Americans for Better Education.1 As the NCLB... more
On the two-year anniversary of its enactment, NCLB education reforms continue to garner rock-solid support from a majority of Americans, accord- ing to a new national poll released by Americans for Better Education.1 As the NCLB legislation trickles down to local school districts, its impact is likely to fundamentally alter the relationship between the federal government, the states, and America’s 14,500 public school districts. This shift in the balance of power of education, from states and local school districts to big govern- ment, is the most significant in a generation. Looming behind the veneer and rhetoric of the Bush education plan is a set of destructive actions that are designed to destroy public education by enabling a huge exodus into risky experimental alternatives.2 “No Child Left Behind” is much more than a label devised by clever promoters.
Research Interests:
This book brings together a group of leading international scholars to examine the paradoxical roles of schooling in reproducing and legitimizing large-scale structural inequalities along the axes of race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and... more
This book brings together a group of leading international scholars to examine the paradoxical roles of schooling in reproducing and legitimizing large-scale structural inequalities along the axes of race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and disability. Through critical engagements with contemporary theories of class and cultural critique, the book questions the inherited dogma that underlies both liberal and conservative and also social democratic approaches to teaching and makes a spirited case for teaching as a critical and revolutionary act.

Revolutionizing Pedagogy: Educating for Social Justice Within and Beyond Global Neo-liberalism. (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269873006_Revolutionizing_Pedagogy_Educating_for_Social_Justice_Within_and_Beyond_Global_Neo-liberalism [accessed Jan 1, 2016].
Research Interests:
In contemporary pedagogy, "class" has become one nomadic sign among others: it has no referent but only contingent allusions to similarly traveling signs. Class, that is, no longer explains social conflicts and antagonisms rooted in... more
In contemporary pedagogy, "class" has become one nomadic sign among others: it has no referent but only contingent allusions to similarly traveling signs. Class, that is, no longer explains social conflicts and antagonisms rooted in social divisions of labor, but instead portrays a cultural carnival of lifestyles, consumptions, tastes, prestige and desire, or obscures social conflicts through technicist accounts of incomes and jobs.

Class in Education brings back class as a materialist analysis of social inequalities originating at the point of production and reproduced in all cultural practices. Addressing a wide range of issues – from the interpretive logic of the new humanities to racism to reading, school-level curricula to educational policy – the contributors focus on the effects that the different understandings of class have on various sites of pedagogy and open up new spaces for a materialist pedagogy and critical education in the times of globalization and the regimes of the digital.
Research Interests:
Critical Pedagogy in Uncertain Times: Hopes and Possibilities, provides comprehensive analyses of issues related to the struggle against the forces of imperial-induced privatization, not just in education, but in all of social life. It... more
Critical Pedagogy in Uncertain Times: Hopes and Possibilities, provides comprehensive analyses of issues related to the struggle against the forces of imperial-induced privatization, not just in education, but in all of social life. It situates Critical Pedagogy in the 21st century and offers not only critiques but also practical applications, suggestions and strategies on how attacks can be collectively resisted, challenged and eradicated especially by those of us teaching in schools and universities.
This book celebrates the 40 years since the publication of Paulo Freire's  Pedagogy of the Oppressed with the publication for the first time in English of Paulo Freire's 1985 talk on Amilcar Cabral entitled Pedagogue of the Revolution.  This piece demonstrates the freshness of Paulo's work, offering insights that reverberate as much today as they did on its initial presentation, as we see how he traced Cabral's work through the Southern African jungles fighting the Portuguese colonialist seeking not only take over lands in Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, and others, but also  to destroy native languages and cultures. Although the works of Amilcar Cabral are not well known in the US, it is important for critical pedagogues to see how committed Paulo Freire was to this African scholar, and his disappointment at not being able to write a book about him.  Prominent critical pedagogue and Freirean scholar, Donaldo Macedo, translated much of Paulo’s work and adds that Freire admired Cabral and said that, "Amilcar Cabral was a thinker who put his thought into practice. He was a thinker whom I read over and over again and always got new perspectives from.”  This chapter is an invaluable contribution to Freire's other works, as we are able to see Freire describes the thinking of Amilcar Cabral.
Research Interests:
Call for Papers The Counter Terrorist Journal Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities... more
Call for Papers
The Counter Terrorist Journal

Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities associated with counter terror efforts that span the national security spectrum in its current emergency state. Contributing authors explore the fundamental drivers of terrorism, key terror organizations, and the systems in place used to predict and deter short- and long-term threats by assessing and articulating effective strategies based on real-world case studies and current information. America's premier journal for scholars, law enforcement, intelligence and special operations professionals; our mission is to provide relevant information in order to combat terrorism at home and abroad.
See why The Counter Terrorist is already the leading journal for authorities in terrorism studies, law enforcement, criminal justice national and international counter-terrorism agencies; conducting research on terrorism in academia; or seeking opportunities in relevant industries. This unique and highly-regarded interdisciplinary counter terrorism journal is an invaluable resource that features authors with expertise and operational experience covering topics such as:
- Terrorist tactics, techniques and procedures
- Terrorist organizations and individuals
- Terrorism Studies
- Counter-Terrorist  and Financing
- Homeland Security
- Cultural Studies
- Psychology of Terrorism
- What Makes a Terrorist?
- Policing and security operations
- Border security
- Military counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency
- Emergency and medical services
- Technology and science
- Propaganda
- Organized crime, gangs and spree crimes of national significance

The interested contributors are highly encouraged to submit their papers to the editor via e-mail GarretMachine@gmail.com. Please include all references sited, and a short author bio. Articles are to be 2000 words in length, approximately and include high-resolution photos or tables suitable for printing. Issues are published every two months and distribution is 20,000. Contributors will receive a copy of the magazine at print.
Garret Machine, CPP.
Editor-in-Chief- The Counter Terrorist
Website: www.thecounterterroristmag.com
________________

The Counter Terrorist is supported by Security Solutions International

With a reputation forged by hard work and determination to empower Homeland Security warriors, Security Solutions International is proud to offer The Counter Terrorist journal.

Commercial Distribution
The Counter Terrorist is now available at various retailers throughout the United States and Canada!
United States
• Books-A-Million
• Joe Muggs
• Books & Company
• Bookland
• People’s News
• Hastings
Canada
Available at 129 locations in Canada through Benjamin News Group. Call for specific retailer information.
Web

EBSCO Publishing
Excerpts from The Counter Terrorist are now available in the International Security & Counter-Terrorism Reference Center through EBSCO. You may only view its content if your institution is subscribed to this particular database. Contact EBSCO to find out if your institution has subscribed to this resource.

The Counter Terrorist is proud to collaborate with the following professional associations. For many Partners, a year-long subscription to The Counter Terrorist is offered as part of membership benefits. Others collaborate through distribution of the publication at their conferences and special events. Still others enable their members to receive reduced subscription rates for The Counter Terrorist.
• California Association of Tactical Officers (CATO)
• California Fire Chiefs Association
• FBI National Academy Associates, Inc (FBINAA)
• Florida SWAT Association
• IDGA
• International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI)
• International Counter Terror Officers Association (ICTOA)
• International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association (ILEETA)
• Michigan Association of Hostage Negotiators
• National Asian Police Officers Association (NAPOA)
• National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE)
• National Tactical Officers Association (NTOA)
Research Interests:
Call for Papers The Counter Terrorist Journal Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities... more
Call for Papers
The Counter Terrorist Journal

Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities associated with counter terror efforts that span the national security spectrum in its current emergency state. Contributing authors explore the fundamental drivers of terrorism, key terror organizations, and the systems in place used to predict and deter short- and long-term threats by assessing and articulating effective strategies based on real-world case studies and current information. America's premier journal for scholars, law enforcement, intelligence and special operations professionals; our mission is to provide relevant information in order to combat terrorism at home and abroad.
See why The Counter Terrorist is already the leading journal for authorities in terrorism studies, law enforcement, criminal justice national and international counter-terrorism agencies; conducting research on terrorism in academia; or seeking opportunities in relevant industries. This unique and highly-regarded interdisciplinary counter terrorism journal is an invaluable resource that features authors with expertise and operational experience covering topics such as:
- Terrorist tactics, techniques and procedures
- Terrorist organizations and individuals
- Terrorism Studies
- Counter-Terrorist  and Financing
- Homeland Security
- Cultural Studies
- Psychology of Terrorism
- What Makes a Terrorist?
- Policing and security operations
- Border security
- Military counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency
- Emergency and medical services
- Technology and science
- Propaganda
- Organized crime, gangs and spree crimes of national significance

The interested contributors are highly encouraged to submit their papers to the editor via e-mail GarretMachine@gmail.com. Please include all references sited, and a short author bio. Articles are to be 2000 words in length, approximately and include high-resolution photos or tables suitable for printing. Issues are published every two months and distribution is 20,000. Contributors will receive a copy of the magazine at print.
Garret Machine, CPP.
Editor-in-Chief- The Counter Terrorist
Website: www.thecounterterroristmag.com
________________

The Counter Terrorist is supported by Security Solutions International

With a reputation forged by hard work and determination to empower Homeland Security warriors, Security Solutions International is proud to offer The Counter Terrorist journal.

Commercial Distribution
The Counter Terrorist is now available at various retailers throughout the United States and Canada!
United States
• Books-A-Million
• Joe Muggs
• Books & Company
• Bookland
• People’s News
• Hastings
Canada
Available at 129 locations in Canada through Benjamin News Group. Call for specific retailer information.
Web

EBSCO Publishing
Excerpts from The Counter Terrorist are now available in the International Security & Counter-Terrorism Reference Center through EBSCO. You may only view its content if your institution is subscribed to this particular database. Contact EBSCO to find out if your institution has subscribed to this resource.

The Counter Terrorist is proud to collaborate with the following professional associations. For many Partners, a year-long subscription to The Counter Terrorist is offered as part of membership benefits. Others collaborate through distribution of the publication at their conferences and special events. Still others enable their members to receive reduced subscription rates for The Counter Terrorist.
• California Association of Tactical Officers (CATO)
• California Fire Chiefs Association
• FBI National Academy Associates, Inc (FBINAA)
• Florida SWAT Association
• IDGA
• International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI)
• International Counter Terror Officers Association (ICTOA)
• International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association (ILEETA)
• Michigan Association of Hostage Negotiators
• National Asian Police Officers Association (NAPOA)
• National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE)
• National Tactical Officers Association (NTOA)
Research Interests:
Call for Papers The Counter Terrorist Journal Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities... more
Call for Papers
The Counter Terrorist Journal

Terrorism represents complex challenges to the national security of sovereign nations throughout the world. The Counter Terrorist Journal introduces us to the challenges and complexities associated with counter terror efforts that span the national security spectrum in its current emergency state. Contributing authors explore the fundamental drivers of terrorism, key terror organizations, and the systems in place used to predict and deter short- and long-term threats by assessing and articulating effective strategies based on real-world case studies and current information. America's premier journal for scholars, law enforcement, intelligence and special operations professionals; our mission is to provide relevant information in order to combat terrorism at home and abroad.
See why The Counter Terrorist is already the leading journal for authorities in terrorism studies, law enforcement, criminal justice national and international counter-terrorism agencies; conducting research on terrorism in academia; or seeking opportunities in relevant industries. This unique and highly-regarded interdisciplinary counter terrorism journal is an invaluable resource that features authors with expertise and operational experience covering topics such as:
- Terrorist tactics, techniques and procedures
- Terrorist organizations and individuals
- Terrorism Studies
- Counter-Terrorist  and Financing
- Homeland Security
- Cultural Studies
- Psychology of Terrorism
- What Makes a Terrorist?
- Policing and security operations
- Border security
- Military counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency
- Emergency and medical services
- Technology and science
- Propaganda
- Organized crime, gangs and spree crimes of national significance

The interested contributors are highly encouraged to submit their papers to the editor via e-mail GarretMachine@gmail.com. Please include all references sited, and a short author bio. Articles are to be 2000 words in length, approximately and include high-resolution photos or tables suitable for printing. Issues are published every two months and distribution is 20,000. Contributors will receive a copy of the magazine at print.
Garret Machine, CPP.
Editor-in-Chief- The Counter Terrorist
Website: www.thecounterterroristmag.com
________________

The Counter Terrorist is supported by Security Solutions International

With a reputation forged by hard work and determination to empower Homeland Security warriors, Security Solutions International is proud to offer The Counter Terrorist journal.

Commercial Distribution
The Counter Terrorist is now available at various retailers throughout the United States and Canada!
United States
• Books-A-Million
• Joe Muggs
• Books & Company
• Bookland
• People’s News
• Hastings
Canada
Available at 129 locations in Canada through Benjamin News Group. Call for specific retailer information.
Web

EBSCO Publishing
Excerpts from The Counter Terrorist are now available in the International Security & Counter-Terrorism Reference Center through EBSCO. You may only view its content if your institution is subscribed to this particular database. Contact EBSCO to find out if your institution has subscribed to this resource.

The Counter Terrorist is proud to collaborate with the following professional associations. For many Partners, a year-long subscription to The Counter Terrorist is offered as part of membership benefits. Others collaborate through distribution of the publication at their conferences and special events. Still others enable their members to receive reduced subscription rates for The Counter Terrorist.
• California Association of Tactical Officers (CATO)
• California Fire Chiefs Association
• FBI National Academy Associates, Inc (FBINAA)
• Florida SWAT Association
• IDGA
• International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI)
• International Counter Terror Officers Association (ICTOA)
• International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association (ILEETA)
• Michigan Association of Hostage Negotiators
• National Asian Police Officers Association (NAPOA)
• National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE)
• National Tactical Officers Association (NTOA)
Research Interests: