Dr. RAFIQ A H M A D KHAN
University of Malakand, Computer Science & IT, Graduate Student
Software engineering extending Internet of Things (IoT) to the new extent and in return IoT reshaped the software industry. IoT refers to communicate the real time objects with world wide web. There is a great role of web services in the... more
Software engineering extending Internet of Things (IoT) to the new extent and in return IoT reshaped the software industry. IoT refers to communicate the real time objects with world wide web. There is a great role of web services in the field of IoT. In the digital world it is the need of the hour to speak with the real time objects. To design such application web of things, provide a common platform for it. This research work analyzes the tools for the modeling of web services, web of things (WoT) and Internet of things. The main focus is to identify the modeling approaches of these technologies through literature review followed by Empirical Study. The study is aimed to improve the quality of the development process in terms of tools and modelling approaches. This research evaluates the tools. A model base approaches compared with the IoT Mashup tool in order to ensure the quality of IoT-based Systems.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Secure Software Development (SSD) is becoming a major challenge, due to the increasing complexity, openness and extensibility of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). These make the overall security requirements analysis very... more
Secure Software Development (SSD) is becoming a major challenge, due to the increasing complexity, openness and extensibility of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). These make the overall security requirements analysis very difficult. Many techniques have been theoretically developed, however, there is a lack of empirical evidence of its application in building secure software system. A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) has been conducted in this paper to examine the existence of software security frameworks, models and methods. In total, we selected 116 primary studies. After examining the selected studies, we identified 37 Secure Software Engineering (SSE) paradigms/frameworks/models. The results show that the most frequently used SSE frameworks/models are "Microsoft Software Development Life Cycle (MS-SDL)", "Misuse case modeling", "Abuse case modeling", "Knowledge Acquisition for Automated Specification", "System Security Engineering-Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM)" and "Secure Tropos Methodology". This work will help organizations in the development of software to better understand existing security initiatives used in the development of secure software. It can also provide researchers with a basis for designing and developing new methods of software security and identifying new axis of research.
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Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security,... more
Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security, various approaches, techniques, methods, practices, and models have been proposed and developed. However, recent research shows that many software development methodologies do not explicitly include methods for incorporating software security during the development of software as it evolves from requirements engineering to its final disposal. The primary objective of this research is to study the state-of-the-art of security in the context of SDLC by following systematic mapping study (SMS). In the second phase, we will identify, through systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical study in the industry, the software security contributions, security challenges and their practices for global software development (GSD) vendors. The ultimate aim is to develop a Software Security Assurance Model (SSAM) to assist GSD vendor organisations in measuring their readiness towards the development of secure software.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade, however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an easy-to-use but... more
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade, however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an easy-to-use but comprehensive self-assessment to evaluate organizational readiness to implement Green IT. We have reviewed the literature through systematic literature review (SLR) process to identify motivators in Green IT-outsourcing from vendor"s perspective. Our final sample of publication selection comprises 82 papers in total. We have identified, through the SLR, a list of 9 motivators. Six of these motivators were identified as significant motivators. These significant motivators are "energy efficiency", "development and use of environment-friendly softwares", "overall business cost reduction", "promoting reusability and sustainability both in terms of hardwares and softwares", "improving quality of services&quo...
Research Interests:
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid development of... more
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid development of ICTs, the GSD has become an acceptable business strategy with several paradigms. One of the rising business paradigms of GSD is Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO). The objective of this research is to provide mitigation advice for addressing communication and coordination challenges from vendors' perspectives in OSDO relationships. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) process for identifying the practices/solutions for these challenges. We have identified 65 practices for addressing these challenges. This paper can help the OSDO vendor organizations to use the identified practices in order to address the communication and coordination challenges in OSDO relationships. Keywords—Global Software Development; Software Ou...
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Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) has become an increasingly popular Global Software Engineering (GSE) paradigm for companies to rely the permanent improvement and tailoring with lower cost, in order to develop high quality... more
Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) has become an increasingly popular Global Software Engineering (GSE) paradigm for companies to rely the permanent improvement and tailoring with lower cost, in order to develop high quality software more efficiently. However, OSDO is not out of risks and software development organizations face various challenges like geographical dispersion, cultural and language differences, communication and coordination challenges and lack of ICTs etc. A research survey was conducted in OSDO industry to explore different communication and coordination challenges and its mitigation in OSDO relationships. Data were collected through questionnaire survey from 42 experts relevant to outsourcing companies. Our findings reveal that cultural differences, geographical dispersion, language differences, lack of ICT/technological cohesion, lack of credence and lack of informal/face-to-face communication are the critical challenges faced by OSDO vendors in com...
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Cloud computing adoption provides various advantages for companies. In particular, hybrid cloud shares the advantages of both the public and private cloud technologies because it combines the private in-house cloud with the public... more
Cloud computing adoption provides various advantages for companies. In particular, hybrid cloud shares the advantages of both the public and private cloud technologies because it combines the private in-house cloud with the public on-demand cloud. In order to obtain benefits from the opportunities provided by the hybrid cloud, organizations want to adopt or develop novel capabilities. Maturity models have proved to be an exceptional and easily available method for evaluating and improving capabilities. However, there is a dire need for a robust framework that helps client organizations in the adoption and assessment of hybrid cloud. Therefore, this research paper aims to present a taxonomy of the challenging factors faced by client organizations in the adoption of hybrid cloud. Typically, such a taxonomy is presented on the basis of obtained results from the empirical analysis with the execution of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. From the review of literature and empirica...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Requirements elicitation is one of the important and major activities within the Requirements Engineering phase. There are different techniques used for requirement elicitation process. Selection of any requirements elicitation technique... more
Requirements elicitation is one of the important and major activities within the Requirements Engineering phase. There are different techniques used for requirement elicitation process. Selection of any requirements elicitation technique depends on complexity, size, time and other resources of proposed software project. Selection of suitable technique for requirements elicitation is not a trivial process and if it is done properly then it can reduce time, budget, and risk constraints of system being developed. Sometimes researchers have found a gap between theory and practice that is gap between literature and industry practices. Therefore, goal of this paper is to find out the gap between literature and industry practice about requirements elicitation practices in PSI (Pakistani Software Industry). This paper shows the usage and impact of prototyping technique of requirements elicitation on product quality in Pakistani software companies. 29 Software companies following prototyping...
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) has become an increasingly popular Global Software Engineering (GSE) paradigm for companies to rely the permanent improvement and tailoring with lower cost, in order to develop high quality... more
Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) has become an increasingly popular Global Software Engineering (GSE) paradigm for companies to rely the permanent improvement and tailoring with lower cost, in order to develop high quality software more efficiently. However, OSDO is not out of risks and software development organizations face various challenges like geographical dispersion, cultural and language differences, communication and coordination challenges and lack of ICTs etc. A research survey was conducted in OSDO industry to explore different communication and coordination challenges and its mitigation in OSDO relationships. Data were collected through questionnaire survey from 42 experts relevant to outsourcing companies. Our findings reveal that cultural differences, geographical dispersion, language differences, lack of ICT/technological cohesion, lack of credence and lack of informal/face-to-face communication are the critical challenges faced by OSDO vendors in communication and coordination process with their client organizations in outsourcing relationships. We have also identified a total of 75 practices in order to mitigate these critical challenges. The understanding of these challenges and its practices will assist OSDO vendors in order to successfully plan and manage communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship with their clients.
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Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO) is a business phenomenon of Global Software Engineering (GSE). From the last two decades OSDO has gained competitive advantages due to the development of high quality software at low cost,... more
Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO) is a business phenomenon of Global Software Engineering (GSE). From the last two decades OSDO has gained competitive advantages due to the development of high quality software at low cost, access to high skilled persons, access to modern technology and round the clock development. However, OSDO is not out of risks and software development organizations face various challenges like geographical dispersion, cultural differences, language differences, communication and coordination challenges and lack of ICTs etc. Communication and coordination challenges are the main stumbling block between offshore outsourcing clients and vendors. A research survey was conducted in OSDO industry to explore different challenges that can negatively affect communication and coordination processes in outsourcing relationships. We have performed questionnaire surveys with 42 experts from different software companies. In the survey we asked from the participants to grade each challenge on a seven point Likert scale to determine the perceived consequence of each challenge. Our findings reveal that cultural differences, geographical dispersion, language differences and lack of ICT/technological cohesion are the most frequently cited challenges faced by OSDO vendors in communication and coordination process with their client organizations in outsourcing relationships.
Research Interests:
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade, however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an easy-to-use but... more
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade, however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an easy-to-use but comprehensive self-assessment to evaluate organizational readiness to implement Green IT. We have reviewed the literature through systematic literature review (SLR) process to identify motivators in Green IT-outsourcing from vendor " s perspective. Our final sample of publication selection comprises 82 papers in total. We have identified, through the SLR, a list of 9 motivators. Six of these motivators were identified as significant motivators. These significant motivators are " energy efficiency " , " development and use of environment-friendly softwares " , " overall business cost reduction " , " promoting reusability and sustainability both in terms of hardwares and softwares " , " improving quality of services " and " deployment of virtualization strategies with respect to hardwares, softwares and processes ". We have further analyzed the identified motivators on the basis of different variables including, study strategy/methodology and period of years. We have found more similarities than differences in the identified motivators across study strategy/methodology and period of years.
Research Interests:
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade, however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is necessary to... more
Green IT is becoming an important concept for the organization since over the last decade,
however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop an easy-to-use but comprehensive self-assessment to evaluate organizational readiness
to implement Green IT. We have reviewed the literature through systematic literature review (SLR) process
to identify motivators in Green IT-outsourcing from vendor‟s perspective. Our final sample of publication
selection comprises 82 papers in total. We have identified, through the SLR, a list of 9 motivators. Six of
these motivators were identified as significant motivators. These significant motivators are „energy
efficiency‟, „development and use of environment-friendly softwares‟, „overall business cost reduction‟,
„promoting reusability and sustainability both in terms of hardwares and softwares‟, „improving quality of
services‟ and „deployment of virtualization strategies with respect to hardwares, softwares and processes‟.
We have further analyzed the identified motivators on the basis of different variables including, study
strategy/methodology and period of years. We have found more similarities than differences in the
identified motivators across study strategy/methodology and period of years.
however, not every organization is completely ready to implement Green IT initiatives. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop an easy-to-use but comprehensive self-assessment to evaluate organizational readiness
to implement Green IT. We have reviewed the literature through systematic literature review (SLR) process
to identify motivators in Green IT-outsourcing from vendor‟s perspective. Our final sample of publication
selection comprises 82 papers in total. We have identified, through the SLR, a list of 9 motivators. Six of
these motivators were identified as significant motivators. These significant motivators are „energy
efficiency‟, „development and use of environment-friendly softwares‟, „overall business cost reduction‟,
„promoting reusability and sustainability both in terms of hardwares and softwares‟, „improving quality of
services‟ and „deployment of virtualization strategies with respect to hardwares, softwares and processes‟.
We have further analyzed the identified motivators on the basis of different variables including, study
strategy/methodology and period of years. We have found more similarities than differences in the
identified motivators across study strategy/methodology and period of years.
Research Interests:
Context: In this thesis we considered communication and coordination in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO) from vendors’ perspective, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of communication and... more
Context: In this thesis we considered communication and coordination in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing (OSDO) from vendors’ perspective, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of communication and coordination in OSDO, as well as to find out what are the mitigation strategies that can be practiced to overcome these challenges.
Objectives: The main objective of this project is to develop Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO vendors. The model will assist OSDO vendors in identifying, analyzing and mitigating the communication and coordination challenges by providing solutions.
Methods: In order to fulfill the aim of the research, our research design is composed of systematic literature review (SLR), empirical study and case study. We have conducted two different SLR studies, marked as SLR1 and SLR2. Through SLR1 we found 101 papers whereas through SLR2 we found 63 papers relevant to our research questions. The data was extracted from those papers and conclusions were drawn. The relevant data was collected from online databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, CiteSeerX Digital Library, Willey Online Library and Google Scholar. We conducted 42 questionnaire surveys from experts working in different national and multinational outsourcing companies with the intent to validate the findings of SLR and to find any new challenge or practice apart from the SLR findings. In order to find the effectiveness of CCCMM in software development outsourcing we have conducted two case studies with two different outsourcing vendor organizations located at Islamabad, Pakistan.
Results: We identified, through SLRs and empirical study, 18 communication and coordination challenges, in total, faced by vendors in OSDO relationship. Amongst these challenges 6 were ranked as critical challenges. We also identified 65, in total, practices for mitigating these critical challenges. The identified practices were further scrutinized based on our pre-defined criteria and 12 practices were marked as the best practices. Based on these inputs we have developed Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO vendors. The model comprises four different levels. i.e. Initial, Communication, Familiarization and Coordination. Each level comprises different critical communication and coordination challenges and their relevant practices.
Conclusion: We conclude that our model, CCCMM, will assist OSDO vendors in gauging their level in order to efficiently manage communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship with their clients. The model will assist vendors in improving their current level by suggesting various practices. The model will contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of Global Software Engineering. The model will assist industry practitioners in managing communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship. The model will also assist OSDO client organizations in finding potential vendors for OSDO relationship.
Keywords: Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM), Software Outsourcing, Systematic Literature Review, Empirical Study, Case Study
Objectives: The main objective of this project is to develop Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO vendors. The model will assist OSDO vendors in identifying, analyzing and mitigating the communication and coordination challenges by providing solutions.
Methods: In order to fulfill the aim of the research, our research design is composed of systematic literature review (SLR), empirical study and case study. We have conducted two different SLR studies, marked as SLR1 and SLR2. Through SLR1 we found 101 papers whereas through SLR2 we found 63 papers relevant to our research questions. The data was extracted from those papers and conclusions were drawn. The relevant data was collected from online databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, CiteSeerX Digital Library, Willey Online Library and Google Scholar. We conducted 42 questionnaire surveys from experts working in different national and multinational outsourcing companies with the intent to validate the findings of SLR and to find any new challenge or practice apart from the SLR findings. In order to find the effectiveness of CCCMM in software development outsourcing we have conducted two case studies with two different outsourcing vendor organizations located at Islamabad, Pakistan.
Results: We identified, through SLRs and empirical study, 18 communication and coordination challenges, in total, faced by vendors in OSDO relationship. Amongst these challenges 6 were ranked as critical challenges. We also identified 65, in total, practices for mitigating these critical challenges. The identified practices were further scrutinized based on our pre-defined criteria and 12 practices were marked as the best practices. Based on these inputs we have developed Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO vendors. The model comprises four different levels. i.e. Initial, Communication, Familiarization and Coordination. Each level comprises different critical communication and coordination challenges and their relevant practices.
Conclusion: We conclude that our model, CCCMM, will assist OSDO vendors in gauging their level in order to efficiently manage communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship with their clients. The model will assist vendors in improving their current level by suggesting various practices. The model will contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of Global Software Engineering. The model will assist industry practitioners in managing communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship. The model will also assist OSDO client organizations in finding potential vendors for OSDO relationship.
Keywords: Communication and Coordination Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM), Software Outsourcing, Systematic Literature Review, Empirical Study, Case Study
Research Interests:
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified resources and modern technology. Due to... more
Over the last decade, many firms in the world have started adopting Global Software Development (GSD) in order to reduce software development cost, and access to qualified
resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid
development of ICTs, the GSD has become an acceptable
business strategy with several paradigms. One of the rising
business paradigms of GSD is Offshore Software Development
Outsourcing (OSDO). The objective of this research is to
provide mitigation advice for addressing communication and coordination challenges from vendors' perspectives in OSDO relationships. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) process for identifying the practices/solutions for these challenges. We have identified 65 practices for addressing these challenges. This paper can help the OSDO vendor organizations to use the identified practices in order to address the communication and coordination challenges in OSDO relationships.
resources and modern technology. Due to the rapid
development of ICTs, the GSD has become an acceptable
business strategy with several paradigms. One of the rising
business paradigms of GSD is Offshore Software Development
Outsourcing (OSDO). The objective of this research is to
provide mitigation advice for addressing communication and coordination challenges from vendors' perspectives in OSDO relationships. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) process for identifying the practices/solutions for these challenges. We have identified 65 practices for addressing these challenges. This paper can help the OSDO vendor organizations to use the identified practices in order to address the communication and coordination challenges in OSDO relationships.
Research Interests:
Software outsourcing is fairly a common business practice these days. Outsourcing may just mean to obtain or contract out a work or services offshore. Though Offshore Software development outsourcing (OSDO) has many... more
Software outsourcing is fairly a common business practice these days. Outsourcing may just mean to obtain or contract out a work or services offshore. Though Offshore Software development outsourcing (OSDO) has many benefits but it faces several challenges like cultural separation, geographical dispersion, telecommunication requirements, and complex communication and coordination problems in terms of time. Effective and efficient communication and coordination play a vital role in the success of outsourcing projects. The objectives of this research are to find out
challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in offshore software outsourcing relationships via systematic literature review. For identification of challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in OSDO relationships we will use Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The expected outcomes of this review will be a list of challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in OSDO relationships. Similarly the outcomes will contain solutions for the identified communication and coordination challenges faced by OSDO vendors. Our ultimate goal is the development of Communication and Coordination
Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO relationship.
challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in offshore software outsourcing relationships via systematic literature review. For identification of challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in OSDO relationships we will use Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The expected outcomes of this review will be a list of challenges and critical success factors for communication and coordination in OSDO relationships. Similarly the outcomes will contain solutions for the identified communication and coordination challenges faced by OSDO vendors. Our ultimate goal is the development of Communication and Coordination
Challenges Mitigation Model (CCCMM) for OSDO relationship.
Research Interests:
Global software development has gained a drastic growth from the last two decades due to the revolution in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the world has become a global village. Offshore software development... more
Global software development has gained a drastic growth from the last two decades due to the revolution in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the world has become a global village. Offshore software development outsourcing (OSDO) is an important paradigm of global software engineering for the development of better and cheaper software’s at low-wages countries. The objective is to dig out various communication and coordination challenges faced by vendors in OSDO relationship. We have performed systematic literature review (SLR) for the identification of communication and coordination challenges faced by vendors in OSDO relationship. We have identified a list of 18 challenges
faced by vendors in managing communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship. Amongst the identified list, the most frequently cited challenges are‘geographical dispersion’, ‘cultural differences’, ‘language differences’ and ‘lack of technological cohesion’.
faced by vendors in managing communication and coordination activities in OSDO relationship. Amongst the identified list, the most frequently cited challenges are‘geographical dispersion’, ‘cultural differences’, ‘language differences’ and ‘lack of technological cohesion’.
Research Interests:
Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security,... more
Software security is an important aspect that needs to be considered during the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). Integrating software security at each phase of SDLC has become an urgent need. To address software security, various approaches, techniques, methods, practices, and models have been proposed and developed. However, recent research shows that many software development methodologies do not explicitly include methods for incorporating software security during the development of software as it evolves from requirements engineering to its final disposal. The primary objective of this research is to study the state-of-the-art of security in the context of SDLC by following systematic mapping study (SMS). In the second phase, we will identify, through systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical study in the industry, the software security contributions, security challenges and their practices for global software development (GSD) vendors. The ultimate aim is to develop a Software Security Assurance Model (SSAM) to assist GSD vendor organisations in measuring their readiness towards the development of secure software.