Wendy Huddleston
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Kinesiology, Faculty Member
A key to understanding potential anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms is to determine joint loading characteristics associated with an injury-causing event. However, direct measurement of anterior cruciate ligament loading during... more
A key to understanding potential anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms is to determine joint loading characteristics associated with an injury-causing event. However, direct measurement of anterior cruciate ligament loading during athletic tasks is invasive. Thus, previous research has been unable to study the association between neuromuscular variables and anterior cruciate ligament loading. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of movement anticipation on anterior cruciate ligament loading using a musculoskeletal modeling approach. Twenty healthy recreationally active females were recruited to perform anticipated and unanticipated sidestep cutting. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the right leg were calculated. Muscle, joint and anterior cruciate ligament forces were then estimated using a musculoskeletal model. Dependent t-tests were conducted to investigate differences between the two cutting conditions. ACL loading significantly increased during unanticipated sidestep cutting (p<0.05). This increase was primarily due to a significant increase in the sagittal plane ACL loading, which contributed 62% of the total loading. Frontal plane ACL loading contributed 26% and transverse plane ACL loading contributed 12%. These results suggest that anterior cruciate ligament loading resulted from a multifaceted interaction of the sagittal plane shear forces (i.e., quadriceps, hamstrings, and tibiofemoral), as well as the frontal and transverse plane knee moments. Additionally, the results of this study confirm the hypothesis in the current literature that unanticipated movements such as sidestep cutting increase anterior cruciate ligament loading.
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanics, Skeletal muscle biology, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Musculoskeletal Modeling, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Sports, Humans, Knee, Clinical Biomechanics, Movement, Female, Young Adult, Electromyography, Adult, Joints, Weight Bearing, and Biomechanical Phenomena
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The classic model of non-contact ACL injury includes environmental, anatomical, hormonal and biomechanical risk factors which directly impact either the amount of stress placed on the ligament or the relative capacity of ligament to... more
The classic model of non-contact ACL injury includes environmental, anatomical, hormonal and biomechanical risk factors which directly impact either the amount of stress placed on the ligament or the relative capacity of ligament to withstand the forces placed on it. However, cognition also clearly plays a role in successful athletic performance, yet diminished cognitive function is rarely considered a risk factor for injury. Objective: To examine the existing literature to determine the extent to which cognitive function (both cognitive ability and task cognitive load) influences non-contact lower extremity injury risk in male and female athletes with a broad variety of athletic expertise. Study design: Scoping Review. Methods: An electronic search was conducted of CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE using the PRISMA method. Search terms included Boolean combinations of "cognition", "concussion", "ImPACT", "cognitive deficit", "mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)", and "neuropsychological function" as cognitive descriptors and the terms "injury risk" and "lower extremity injury" as injury descriptors. Inclusion criteria included papers written in English published between 2000-2021. Exclusion criteria included neurological and cognitively atypical populations, except for concussion (included). Included articles were appraised using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Fifty-six studies utilizing across the spectrum of levels of evidence met inclusion criteria. Forty-one articles had good, fourteen had fair, and one had poor methodological quality. Studies examined baseline cognitive function in healthy athletes (n=7); performance during dual-task paradigms (n=13); and the impact of concussion on dual-task performance (n=4), LE injury risk (n=22), or post-concussion testing (n=10). Six articles examining cognitive function and all dual-task studies (including concussion studies) found altered biomechanics associated with injury or increased processing demands. Studies related to concussion and injury incidence consistently found an increased risk of LE injury following concussion. Half of the studies that examined concussion and post-concussion cognitive testing demonstrated significant effects. Discussion: Consistent across participant demographics, tasks, and dependent measures, fifty-one of fifty-six assessed articles concluded that decreased cognitive ability or increased cognitive load led to risky LE mechanics or a direct increase in non-contact LE injury risk. Conclusion: The robustness of results across gender, performance level, sport, cognitive ability, task cognitive load suggest that the inclusion of cognitive training in the design of optimal LE injury prevention programs warrants further study. Level of Evidence: Ia.
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Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Algorithms, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, and 15 moreSports, Humans, Computer Simulation, Clinical Biomechanics, Movement, Female, Young Adult, Exercise, Electromyography, Knee injuries, Reproducibility of Results, Hamstring, Knee Joint, Thigh, and Biomechanical Phenomena
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Parietal cortex activity contributes to higher-level cognitive processes, including endogenous visual attention and saccade planning. While visual attention is the process of selecting pertinent information from the environment, saccade... more
Parietal cortex activity contributes to higher-level cognitive processes, including endogenous visual attention and saccade planning. While visual attention is the process of selecting pertinent information from the environment, saccade planning may involve motor attention in the planning of a specific movement, including the process of selecting the correct path. We isolated areas in parietal cortex involved in saccade planning, while controlling visual attention, to understand the relationship between the two processes. Using our novel stimulus, participants performed a delayed saccade task and an endogenous covert visuospatial attention task with peripheral targets in identical locations. We compared multiple target locations across the two domains at the level of the individual to better understand variability in the relationship between these two maps. The anterior-posterior organization of saccade planning and visual attention maps varied among, but not within, participants, and 14 – 29% of the maps for each task overlapped one another across hemispheres. Interestingly, within the region of co-activation, over 67% of the voxels responded to the same location for both tasks. These cortical areas of overlap may represent regions of the brain specifically involved in the transfer of information from vision to action along the visuomotor pathway. These results further establish the relationship between maps associated with saccade planning and visual attention at the individual level, indicating the lack of a single saliency map in parietal cortex.
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Research Interests: Neuroscience, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Behavior, Attention, and 15 moreMedicine, Humans, Cerebral Cortex, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Male, Parietal Cortex, Posterior Parietal Cortex, Middle Aged, Adult, Parietal Lobe, Covert, Neural Control, Neurosciences, and photic stimulation
Although Internet retailing has become part of mainstream commerce, there is still lack of research related to web interface design as a function of product price, product complexity, and personal involvement of consumer with the product.... more
Although Internet retailing has become part of mainstream commerce, there is still lack of research related to web interface design as a function of product price, product complexity, and personal involvement of consumer with the product. Different types of products require different aspects of information and environment as demanded by consumers; thus, it is imperative for retailers to appropriately tailor their online presentation of products. Drawing from the elaboration likelihood model and media richness theory, we investigate the effectiveness of peripheral cue-dominated interfaces, balanced cue-dominated interfaces, and central cue-dominated interfaces on consumer purchase intention. Nearly 1000 subjects participated in this study over a period of 2 years. Our analyses provide support for the contention that the role of website cues (peripheral and central) on the consumer varies by the type of product. Our findings have implications for research and practice.
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Research Interests: Occupational Health, Aging, Medicine, Humans, Female, and 15 moreMale, Data Collection, Incidence, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Occupational, Adult, Occupational Exposure, Age Factors, Cross sectional Study, Cross Sectional Studies, Incidence Rate, Musculoskeletal disorder, and Musculoskeletal diseases
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Typically, athletes alter movement mechanics in the presence of back pain, but the effect of these changes on lower extremity injury risk is not well understood. This study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue on electromechanical... more
Typically, athletes alter movement mechanics in the presence of back pain, but the effect of these changes on lower extremity injury risk is not well understood. This study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue on electromechanical response times during a choice reaction task in basketball players with and without persistent low back pain. Twenty-four male basketball players participated. Total reaction time (TRT), premotor time (PMT), and electromechanical delay (EMD data were recorded before and after fatigue. The chronic low back pain (CLBP) group had significantly longer EMD in Med gastrocnemius (p = 0.001) and Tibialis anterior (p = 0.001), and shorter EMD in Vastus Lateralis (p = 0.001), Vastus Medialis Oblique (p = 0.003), and Semitendinosus (p = 0.025) muscles after fatigue. PMT in the CLBP group had longer than the Non-CLBP in Vastus Lateralis (p = 0.010), Vastus Medialis Oblique (p = 0.017), Semitendinosus (p = 0.002). Also, TRT was longer in knee flexion (p = 0.001) and ...
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Light energy displaced along the retinal photoreceptor array leads to a perception of visual motion. In audition, displacement of mechanical energy along the cochlear hair cell array is conceptually similar but leads to a perception of... more
Light energy displaced along the retinal photoreceptor array leads to a perception of visual motion. In audition, displacement of mechanical energy along the cochlear hair cell array is conceptually similar but leads to a perception of ‘movement’ in frequency space (spectral motion)—a rising or falling pitch. In vision there are other types of stimuli that also evoke a percept of motion but do not involve a displacement of energy across the photoreceptors (second-order stimuli). In this study, we used psychophysical methods to determine if such second-order stimuli also exist in audition, and if the resulting percept would rival that of first-order spectral motion. First-order auditory stimuli consisted of a frequency sweep of sixteen non-harmonic tones between 297 and 12123 Hz. Second-order stimuli consisted of the same tones, but with a random subset turned on at the beginning of a trial. During the trial, each tone in sequence randomly changed state (ON-to-OFF, or OFF-to-ON). Thu...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Perception, Auditory Perception, Cognition, and 15 moreAttention, Motion perception, Medicine, Temporal dynamics, Audition, Humans, Motion Detection, Female, Male, Auditory System, Optical Illusions, Apparent Motion, Time Factors, Optical Illusion, and Motion Integration
Greater understanding of how people use visual information to minimize force fluctuations provides critical insight into visuomotor processing. Visual strategies were examined during a force-matching task with different feedback displays.... more
Greater understanding of how people use visual information to minimize force fluctuations provides critical insight into visuomotor processing. Visual strategies were examined during a force-matching task with different feedback displays. When only vertical feedback was provided, young healthy participants ( N = 20, 9 men) fixated their gaze centrally. When vertical and horizontal visual feedback was provided, participants performed saccades to maintain gaze near the leading edge of the force trace. Performance on a separate attention task assessed visual and motor attention capabilities in the same participants. Selecting the correct saccade trajectory on the attention task was positively correlated with measures predicting performance on the force-matching task. Optimal visual strategies, combined with motor attention, may contribute to minimizing pinch force variability at low force.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging for presurgical brain mapping enables neurosurgeons to identify viable tissue near a site of operable pathology which might be at risk of surgery-induced damage. However, focal brain pathology (e.g.,... more
Functional magnetic resonance imaging for presurgical brain mapping enables neurosurgeons to identify viable tissue near a site of operable pathology which might be at risk of surgery-induced damage. However, focal brain pathology (e.g., tumors) may selectively disrupt neurovascular coupling while leaving the underlying neurons functionally intact. Such neurovascular uncoupling can result in false negatives on brain activation maps thereby compromising their use for surgical planning. One way to detect potential neurovascular uncoupling is to map cerebrovascular reactivity using either an active breath-hold challenge or a passive resting-state scan. The equivalence of these two methods has yet to be fully established, especially at a voxel level of resolution. To quantitatively compare breath-hold and resting-state maps of cerebrovascular reactivity, we first identified threshold settings that optimized coverage of gray matter while minimizing false responses in white matter. When s...
Well-documented manual dexterity impairments in older adults may critically depend on the processing of visual information. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related changes in eye and hand movements during commonly used... more
Well-documented manual dexterity impairments in older adults may critically depend on the processing of visual information. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related changes in eye and hand movements during commonly used pegboard tests and the association with manual dexterity impairments in older adults. The relationship between attentional deficits and manual dexterity was also assessed. Eye movements and hand kinematics of 20 young (20-38 years) and 20 older (65-85 years) adults were recorded during 9-Hole Pegboard, Grooved Pegboard and a visuospatial dual test. Results were compared to standardized tests of attention (The Test of Everyday Attention and Trail Making Test) that assess visual selective attention, sustained attention, attentional switching and divided attention. Hand movement variability was 34% greater in older vs. young adults when placing the pegs into the pegboard and this was associated with decreased pegboard performance, providing further evidenc...
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This paper discusses how pedagogical theory can be used in conceptualizing a collaborative teaching development program in higher education. A theoretically driven teaching development program can be of benefit to both the reviewer and... more
This paper discusses how pedagogical theory can be used in conceptualizing a collaborative teaching development program in higher education. A theoretically driven teaching development program can be of benefit to both the reviewer and the reviewee by providing (a) a foundation for the reviewee to examine their educational content being reviewed; and (b) a systematic framework for the reviewee for evaluating the content under review. Appropriately used pedagogical theory enables the constructive alignment of teaching, learning, and assessment. This collaborative, self-reflective, and bi-directional teaching development process facilitates a sense of self-determination, which facilitates motivation and achievement of goals.
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Aim: We examined the long-term effects of concussions in young adult females on visuomotor behavior during a visually-guided reaching task of various complexities. Materials & methods: 20 females with a history of longer than 6 months... more
Aim: We examined the long-term effects of concussions in young adult females on visuomotor behavior during a visually-guided reaching task of various complexities. Materials & methods: 20 females with a history of longer than 6 months since a concussion and 20 healthy females quickly and accurately performed a delayed reach to a previously cued target. Results: As both cognitive and motor load increased, task performance decreased for both groups (p < 0.05). However, contrary to our primary hypothesis, no differences in task performance were found between the two experimental groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The young adult females with a remote history of concussion demonstrated no deficits in visuomotor behavior on an attention-mediated reaching task as compared with control participants.
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Studies on laser phototherapy for pain relief have used parameters that vary widely and have reported varying outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal parameter ranges of laser phototherapy for pain relief by... more
Studies on laser phototherapy for pain relief have used parameters that vary widely and have reported varying outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal parameter ranges of laser phototherapy for pain relief by analyzing data aggregated from existing primary literature. Original studies were gathered from available sources and were screened to meet the pre-established inclusion criteria. The included articles were then subjected to meta-analysis using Cohen's d statistic for determining treatment effect size. From these studies, ranges of the reported parameters that always resulted into large effect sizes were determined. These optimal ranges were evaluated for their accuracy using leave-one-article-out cross-validation procedure. A total of 96 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis and yielded 232 effect sizes. The average effect size was highly significant: d = +1.36 [confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.04-1.68]. Among all the parameters, tot...
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in basketball appear to be more common when players are in possession of the ball. The greater risk of ACL injury when in possession of the ball may result from the athlete's inability to... more
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in basketball appear to be more common when players are in possession of the ball. The greater risk of ACL injury when in possession of the ball may result from the athlete's inability to fully attend to their movement. However, it is also possible that having to carry/manipulate the ball restricts the athlete's ability to utilise their upper extremities for stability during a manoeuvre. The purpose of this study was to explore how possession of a basketball and divided attention influence lower extremity mechanics during cutting and landing. Twenty uninjured females with basketball experience performed a baseline lateral cutting task, as well as lateral cuts while carrying a basketball, with and without a subsequent chest pass. Requiring participants to carry the basketball in isolation (i.e., without the additional pass) had minimal influence on lower extremity mechanics compared to baseline. However, participants demonstrated less...
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Study Design Cross-sectional study. Background The drop vertical jump task is commonly used to screen for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk; however, its predictive validity is limited. The limited predictive validity of the drop... more
Study Design Cross-sectional study. Background The drop vertical jump task is commonly used to screen for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk; however, its predictive validity is limited. The limited predictive validity of the drop vertical jump task may be due to not imposing the cognitive demands that reflect sports participation. Objectives To investigate the influence of additional cognitive demands on lower extremity mechanics during execution of the drop vertical jump task. Methods Twenty uninjured women (age range, 18-25 years) were required to perform the standard drop vertical jump task, as well as drop vertical jumps that included additional cognitive demands. The additional cognitive demands were related to attending to an overhead goal (ball suspended overhead) and/or temporal constraints on movement selection (decision making). Three-dimensional ground reaction forces and lower extremity mechanics were compared between conditions. Results The inclusion of the overhea...
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Community-based exercise can support long-term management of Parkinson's disease, although it is not known if personal goals are met in these programs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the goals of community based... more
Community-based exercise can support long-term management of Parkinson's disease, although it is not known if personal goals are met in these programs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the goals of community based exercise programs from the participant and instructor perspectives; (2) establish the extent to which these programs meet self-described exercise outcomes; and (3) explore participant and instructor perspectives on barriers to meeting exercise expectations. This study explores the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease participating in a structured exercise program at six community sites. A mixed-methods approach was used, including participant and instructor interviews, assessment of exercise intensity, and mapping of exercise dosage to participant goals. Twenty-four exercise participants provided interview, quality of life, and exercise intensity data. Twenty-one participants exercised for primary management of their Parkinson's disea...
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Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is typically exacerbated by repetitive activities that load the patellofemoral joint, such as running. Understanding the mediating effects of changes in pain in individuals with PFP might inform injury... more
Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is typically exacerbated by repetitive activities that load the patellofemoral joint, such as running. Understanding the mediating effects of changes in pain in individuals with PFP might inform injury progression, rehabilitation, or both. Objective: To investigate the effects of changing pain on muscular strength and running biomechanics in those with PFP. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen participants (10 men, 7 women) with PFP. Intervention(s): Each participant completed knee pain-reducing and pain-inducing protocols in random order. The pain-reducing protocol consisted of 15 minutes of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) around the patella. The pain-inducing protocol was sets of 20 repeated single-legged squats (RSLS). Participants completed RSLS sets until either their pain was within at least 1 cm of their pain during an exhaustive run or they reached...
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Greater understanding of how people use visual information to minimize force fluctuations provides critical insight into visuomotor processing. Visual strategies were examined during a force-matching task with different feedback displays.... more
Greater understanding of how people use visual information to minimize force fluctuations provides critical insight into visuomotor processing. Visual strategies were examined during a force-matching task with different feedback displays. When only vertical feedback was provided, young healthy participants (N = 20, 9 men) fixated their gaze centrally. When vertical and horizontal visual feedback was provided, participants performed saccades to maintain gaze near the leading edge of the force trace. Performance on a separate attention task assessed visual and motor attention capabilities in the same participants. Selecting the correct saccade trajectory on the attention task was positively correlated with measures predicting performance on the force-matching task. Optimal visual strategies, combined with motor attention, may contribute to minimizing pinch force variability at low force.
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Occupational and physical therapists are at significant risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. As the therapy workforce ages, and shortages of therapists are predicted, it is important to evaluate differences in... more
Occupational and physical therapists are at significant risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. As the therapy workforce ages, and shortages of therapists are predicted, it is important to evaluate differences in injuries and injury behaviors between older and younger therapists. Half of all occupational and physical therapists practicing in Wisconsin were randomly selected for a cross sectional study examining the relationship between aging and characteristics of self-reported work injuries and musculoskeletal symptoms. Data from a sample of 1,158 therapists revealed older workers to have similar injury incidence rates, however, days away from work due to injury were higher among older workers. Overall, older and younger therapists were more similar than different, especially in regards to work behaviors. Older therapists tended to report more severe pain symptoms than younger therapists and were two and a half times more likely to report that they changed jobs due to their pain symptoms. Older and younger therapists have similar work-related injury experiences. Older workers may be more vulnerable to lost work time and may experience more severe pain symptoms. Many interventions exist to prevent work-related injuries to therapists and more guidance in the best way to integrate these interventions (e.g., mechanical lift devices) into therapy practice is needed.
Research Interests: Occupational Health, Aging, Humans, Female, Male, and 15 moreData Collection, Incidence, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Occupational, Adult, Occupational Exposure, Age Factors, Cross sectional Study, Occupational Rehabilitation, Cross Sectional Studies, Incidence Rate, Musculoskeletal disorder, and Musculoskeletal diseases
Lower extremity overuse injuries are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness. Understanding the activation of muscles about the hip during strengthening exercises is important for rehabilitation. To compare the electromyographic... more
Lower extremity overuse injuries are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness. Understanding the activation of muscles about the hip during strengthening exercises is important for rehabilitation. To compare the electromyographic activity produced by the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), anterior hip flexors (AHF), and gluteus maximus (GMax) during 3 hip-strengthening exercises: hip abduction (ABD), hip abduction with external rotation (ABD-ER), and clamshell (CLAM) exercises. Controlled laboratory study. Laboratory. Twenty healthy runners (9 men, 11 women; age = 25.45 ± 5.80 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.43 ± 7.75 kg) participated. A weight equal to 5% body mass was affixed to the ankle for the ABD and ABD-ER exercises, and an equivalent load was affixed for the CLAM exercise. A pressure biofeedback unit was placed beneath the trunk to provide positional feedback. Surface electromyography (root mean square normalized to maximal voluntary isometric c...
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To investigate the effects of an exhaustive run on trunk and lower extremity strength and mechanics in patients with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP), we hypothesized that strength would decrease and mechanics would change after the... more
To investigate the effects of an exhaustive run on trunk and lower extremity strength and mechanics in patients with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP), we hypothesized that strength would decrease and mechanics would change after the exhaustive run. Nineteen subjects with PFP and 19 controls participated (10 men and 9 women per group). Lower extremity and trunk mechanics during running, body mass-normalized strength, and pain assessments before and after an exhaustive run were quantified. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess group differences and exhaustion-related changes (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), with t-test post hoc analyses performed when significant interactions were identified (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0125). Pain significantly increased with the exhaustive run in the PFP group (P = 0.021). Hip strength was reduced after the exhaustive run, more so in those with PFP (abduction: before = 0.384 ± 0.08, after = 0.314 ± 0.08, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001; external rotation: before = 0.113 ± 0.02, after = 0.090 ± 0.02, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Persons with PFP also demonstrated increased knee flexion (before = 41.6° ± 5.5°, after = 46.9° ± 7.5°, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), hip flexion (before = 30.4° ± 6.8°, after = 42.5° ± 9.7°, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and anterior pelvic tilt (before = 7.2° ± 5.1°, after = 13.3° ± 6.7°, P = 0.001) after the exhaustive run compared to controls. Trunk flexion increased in both PFP (before = 13.09° ± 6.2°, after = 16.31° ± 5.3°, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and control (before = 1393° ± 4.7°, after = 15.99° ± 5.9°, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) groups. Hip extension (before = -2.09 ± 0.49 N · m · kg(-1), after = -2.49 ± 0.54 N · m · kg(-1), P = 0.002) moments increased only in subjects with PFP. Exhaustive running results in reduced hip strength in subjects with PFP; however, this did not result in changes to hip internal rotation or adduction kinematics. Kinematic and kinetic changes after the exhaustive run are more indicative of compensatory changes to reduce pain. Increasing trunk flexion during running might provide pain relief during running; however, reducing anterior pelvic tilt may also warrant attention during treatment.
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Occupational and physical therapists are at significant risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. As the therapy workforce ages, and shortages of therapists are predicted, it is important to evaluate differences in... more
Occupational and physical therapists are at significant risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. As the therapy workforce ages, and shortages of therapists are predicted, it is important to evaluate differences in injuries and injury behaviors between older and younger therapists. Half of all occupational and physical therapists practicing in Wisconsin were randomly selected for a cross sectional study examining the relationship between aging and characteristics of self-reported work injuries and musculoskeletal symptoms. Data from a sample of 1,158 therapists revealed older workers to have similar injury incidence rates, however, days away from work due to injury were higher among older workers. Overall, older and younger therapists were more similar than different, especially in regards to work behaviors. Older therapists tended to report more severe pain symptoms than younger therapists and were two and a half times more likely to report that they changed jobs due to their pain symptoms. Older and younger therapists have similar work-related injury experiences. Older workers may be more vulnerable to lost work time and may experience more severe pain symptoms. Many interventions exist to prevent work-related injuries to therapists and more guidance in the best way to integrate these interventions (e.g., mechanical lift devices) into therapy practice is needed.
Research Interests: Occupational Health, Aging, Humans, Female, Male, and 15 moreData Collection, Incidence, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Occupational, Adult, Occupational Exposure, Age Factors, Cross sectional Study, Occupational Rehabilitation, Cross Sectional Studies, Incidence Rate, Musculoskeletal disorder, and Musculoskeletal diseases
Neuronal cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)) are coupled to inhibition of voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels (VSCCs) in several cell types. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the interaction between endogenous CB(1) receptors and... more
Neuronal cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)) are coupled to inhibition of voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels (VSCCs) in several cell types. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the interaction between endogenous CB(1) receptors and VSCCs in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Ca(2+) transients were evoked by KCl-induced depolarization and imaged using fura-2. The CB(1) receptor agonists CP55940, Win 55212-2 and N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) produced concentration-related decreases in peak amplitude of the Ca(2+) response and total Ca(2+) influx. Pre-treatment of CGN with pertussis toxin abolished agonist-mediated inhibition. The inhibitory effect of Win 55212-2 on Ca(2+) influx was additive with inhibition produced by omega-agatoxin IVA and nifedipine but not with omega-conotoxin GVIA, indicating that N-type VSCCs are the primary effector. Paradoxically, the CB(1) receptor antagonist, SR141716, also inhibited KCl-induced Ca(2+) influx into CGN in a concentration-related manner. SR141716 inhibition was pertussis toxin-insensitive and was not additive with the inhibition produced by Win 55212-2. Confocal imaging of CGN in primary culture demonstrate a high density of CB(1) receptor expression on CGN plasma membranes, including the neuritic processes. These data demonstrate that the CB(1) receptor is highly expressed by CGN and agonists serve as potent and efficacious inhibitory modulators of Ca(2+) influx through N-type VSCC.