Abstract: The migration as the most important humanity problem of the 21st century has been widely discussed in national and international arena. One of the regions where current immigration mobility is the most intensely experienced is Syria where the Civil War has continued since 2011. During this immigration mobility, Turkey is one of the main destinations for the immigrants. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the number of migrants has reached over 3.9 million people in Turkey. This issue is constantly covered in the printed and visual media due to its importance. With regard to developments and public policies related with the immigration, the media has an important place to inform public and create public awareness. In this study, we aim to analyse the representation of the migration and of the public policies on migration in the media. Especially for collecting data on the media coverage of public policies on migration, we examine the news which were published in the period between April 2014-December 2016, in which the Agreement on Readmission of Migrants signed by Turkey and European Union was discussed publicly. In line with the aim of the study, the research data is collected from the online editions of four newspapers, Hürriyet, Sabah, Cumhuriyet and Yeniçağ newspapers, which have different editorial policies. The data obtained within the study is analysed by quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The concluding part of the study is reserved for evaluations and recommendations based on the findings of the research. Keywords: Migration, Migrants and Media, Public Opinion, Syrian Issue, Readmission Agreement, Visa Exemption

One of the issues in the field of intercultural communication which is nourished by various disciplines is migration and immigrants which have to be looked and interpreted from different perspectives. Integration theories can be evaluated in two different categories as assimilation and multiculturalism. Media serves in the introduction of dominant culture to immigrants and their adoption of it in the studies of integration focused on assimilation, whereas in the studies of multicultural integration media is a significant medium in term of the representation and acceptance of minorities and immigrants. After trying to determine both the dynamics of media and the academic studies done chronologically in this field in the example of immigration and immigrant politics of German, the TV series of “Türkisch für Anfänger” are preferred as a research field for content analysis. In the scope of the study, representations of Turkish immigrant family and its members are tried to be determined and based on these representations, how much the series and the integration policy of German government overlaps is questioned.

People continue to migrate from their motherlands where their identities are built up based on cultural codes to cultural environments where diverse historical practices have created diverse identities. The movement of migration experienced in our era has emerged as an action triggered by the pursuit for prosperity directed towards societies which are said to be “industrialized”. That being said, while the movement of migration is based on prosperity, what is actually practiced is solution seeking. The potential of this practice with regard to the structural and cultural transformation of societies is a reality that movies can’t be indifferent to, as it also takes place on the agenda of politicians. While migration is one of the resources cinema is nourished with, cinema is one of the ways immigrants get familiarized with the society they have migrated into. Through the medium of movies, the house of the immigrant is intruded. Life practices are monitored at first hand and “privacy” disappears. The way pursuit for a new life is presented in movies plays a critical role in comprehending the immigrants’ departure from the motherland in search for a new place to hold on. In this context, the stereotypes used in movies which have the power to form our lives directly are inevitably effective in certain ways. Immigrant representations which are nourished with the vagrant status of the immigrants are widely being used in cinema. The vagrant status is among the most difficult dilemmas for a person as a social being to overcome. The characters in movies about immigrants likewise are portrayed as actors of difficult conditions and unhappy lives. Turkish cinema haven’t been indifferent to what immigrants experience in the countries they have migrated to and how their experiences are comprehended in Turkey. Although the Turkish immigrants have settled in some other European countries as foreign workers, the consequences of this encounter have been turned into movies on the basis of the experiences of Turkish immigrants especially in Germany. Some movies about the Turkish immigrants in Germany stand out with certain characteristics. To realize that “the newcomers were human beings while workers were expected” as outlined in a newspaper headline is among the reflexes this interest has focused on. Based on the assumption that cinema is a social means of expression, this study basically queries the transformation of the way the actors of this episode that is ventured in pursuit of welfare are reflected on the silver screen. In this context, some of the many movies about the Turkish immigrants who migrated to Germany as workers in 1960s have been selected as examples. Based on the selected sample movies, the current form of this journey which is made in search of a better life will be analyzed.

The media plays an important role in mental representations as it constitutes the main source of knowledge about many issues, contributing to the “common sense” understanding of the world (e.g., d’Haenens & Mattelart, 2011: 237). It affects the way in which the local population will act and react. As is demonstrated in this book, this is even truer for reporting about immigration, as most people will never meet refugees in person but will instead refer to real-life experiences communicated to them by the media. In this sense Tétu (2004) argues that even if there is a break in the timing of the broadcast and discordance between the original context and the reception context, the ‘direct’ aspect of the news automatically turns the viewer into a witness. Regarding immigration news, many content and discursive analyses focus on European newspapers (Baker et al., 2008; Chouliaraki & Zaborowski, 2015). These studies either concentrate on how minority groups are represented in the news (Van Dijk, 1991), on the framing used to depict the immigration processes (Van Gorp, 2005; De Cleen et al., 2017) or on the linguistic patterns (Gabrielatos & Baker, 2008; Holmes & Castañeda, 2016; Calabrese & Mistiaen, 2018). Given the difficulties associated with gathering TV news items, fewer studies focus on TV channels. Only a few concentrate on the framing of the language of TV news items pertaining to immigration and its impact on opinions (see for instance Lecheler, Bos & Vliegenthart, 2015). In Belgium, recent studies look at the way public and commercial broadcasters deal with immigration topics (Jacobs, Meeusen & d’Haenens, 2016; Meeusen & Jacobs, 2017). This chapter contributes to these efforts by studying Belgian French-language immigration TV news. We believe that different processes are used by each media platform to report an external situation to the news audience, and that these different processes will trigger different reactions. Based on images and language interfaces, different media will also organize their own rhetoric according to what they think their audience expects (Tétu, 2004: 9-10). In this chapter, we intend to investigate, through a lexical analysis, whether and if so, how public and commercial Belgian French-language TV newscasts diverge in their coverage of the refugee crisis. We hypothesize that the distinct logic of both types of broadcasters (public and commercial) will be reflected in news items on immigration. We shall first describe the Belgian media context and our hypotheses, corpus partition and methodology, before moving to findings and discussion. ISBN: 9789461662811

The media coverage of women migrants has played an important role in shaping public opinion and governmental policies. This article aims at exploring the media portrayals of Syrian Migrant Women in Turkey. For this purpose, the research data were collected from three Turkish online newspaper websites, Hürriyet, Birgün and Sabah, each of which has different editorial policy in representing migration, during one year period. The findings of quantitative content analysis of the news stories regarding Syrian migrant women would provide an understanding of the gender dimension of migration in Turkey. It concludes that Syrian Migrant Women in Turkey generally are reported in crime news and are framed as victims or perpetrators. However, the newspapers rarely report their hard living conditions. Öz Medyada yer alan kadın göçmenlere ilişkin haberler, kamuoyunu ve hükümet politikalarını biçimlendirmede önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu makale, Suriyeli göçmen kadınların medyadaki sunuluş biçimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, hepsi birbirinden farklı yayın politikasına sahip olan Hürriyet, Birgün ve Sabah gazetelerinin çevrimiçi baskılarının bir yılı izlenerek veri toplanmıştır. Suriyeli kadın göçmenlerin haberlerdeki öykülerinin, niceliksel ve niteliksel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmesiyle elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye'deki göçün toplumsal cinsiyet boyutunun anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'deki Suriyeli kadın göçmenler, medyada, genellikle suça ilişkin haberlerde yer bulmakta ve bu haberlerde de kendilerinden mağdur veya fail olarak sözedilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, gazeteler, nadiren, kadın göçmenlerin zorlu yaşam koşullarını haberleştirmektedir.

This study analyses how the media has been used as an integration tool within the integration policies of the Federal Republic of Germany since the 1950 s towards the Turkish immigrants and beyond. To this end, German integration policy, which also covers Turkish immigrants who came to Germany as guest workers and subsequently became the largest minority in the country, will be evaluated from a chronological point of view with a particular focus on the role of the German media. In this vein, this paper will examine how the media is instrumentalized in the everyday projections of German integration policies. Furthermore, it will be questioned if a mutual relationship exists between media policies and integration policies.

My aim in this paper is to offer an alternative perspective to discourses on the current concerns of media utilisation for ethnic minority groups. The Turkish community in Germany may provide alternative viewpoints to research originating in countries with colonial history. Besides a short historic overview I focus on the key purposes of media for this community as well as issues of mediated racism and how they are counterbalanced by the concept of transnationalism.

This thesis investigates the effects of empathic motives of the political power holders on the treatment and media representation of large groups of displaced people that arrived in Turkey between 1950 and 2017. It provides a diachronic analysis of the terms through which the print media and Turkish migration policies identified different groups of displaced people along with the themes of discussions that surfaced in the collocates of these terms. The findings suggest that the media identification of the displaced people depends on the societal predisposition towards them and political motives of the government at the time rather than the definitions in the law The narratives on Bulgarian Turks and Turkmens adapts a positively inclusionary tone, in line with Turkey’s economic and social motives of improving farming practices and orchestrating an ethnically and culturally homogenous population. The terms used in media and by political representatives correlate in this period. On the other hand, the representation of the Iraqi Kurds and the Romani in the media are highly avoidant and exclusionary; and similar terms are adapted once again by the government and the media.The representation of Syrians is a mixture of these tones and parallels the polarized opinions in the political context. Thus, strong parallels between the economic, political, and social motives of political power holders and the representation of displaced people in the media are observed.

People define their own behaviour on the basis of their perception of Others, as well as of the expectations they have towards them, paying particular attention to the socio-cultural context of belonging and the reference values they ascribe to the other party and to the relationship existing between them. These dynamics are strongly influenced by the information conveyed by mass media in their dual role as both mediators of reality and opinion leaders, often becoming a “distorted reflection” of reality. In support of the above, the present paper aims at illustrating, as an example, a comparison of the “representations” offered by some of the main European national newspapers of two events associated with the phenomenon of migration: the “immigrant march” of Belgrade on January 2017, and the shooting at the Munich shopping center on July, 2016.