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The paper deals with gold jewelry found in 1999 by Phanagorian expedition from RAS Institute of Archeology that was headed by V. D. Kuznetsov. It was found in Phanagorian acropolis fi e layer dating coin hoards as far back as 63 BC. Gold jewelry set probably kept in a casket that burnt down in the fi re comprises two fi nger-rings, fragments of two earrings, a flap with casts and two Eros-shaped pendants. The jewelry composition, shape, and décor provide a direct parallel to such well-dated complexes of the Aegean sea. This is a Delos hoard found in 1964 (122 or 88 BC) and shipwreck off Antikithyra (the 60s — 70s BC). The find in Phanagoria once again shows that late Hellenistic epoch saw the circulation of jewelry that is known due to the finds in Greece, Asia Minor, and on Aegean islands. Phanagorian jewelry set together with coin finds provides more evidence of dating Phanagoria necropolis fire.
The article deals with gems in the form of prisms with paired images on two sides of each, found in two burials of the 1st– early 2nd centuries AD in Sarmatian burial mounds in the Lower and Middle Don, which belong to a very rare group of works of the Hellenistic and Roman glyptics. The iconography of the images of Hermes, Odysseus or Ajax on two amethyst prisms from a burial mound on the outskirts of Voronezh, as well as a sitting dog with its head thrown back and a star in the image field, on a carnelian prism from the Kobyakovskii burial ground are analyzed in detail. The fact that of the eight prisms known to us – three come from the cemeteries of the Don basin, and two each, which are in the collections of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Hermitage, originate (Pantikapaion) or may presumably originate from the North Pontic area, is consistent both with the unusual iconography of prisms from the Don region and the style of images on prisms from a burial mound on the outskirts of Voronezh. These observations give certain grounds to associate the works of glyptics under discussion with the North Pontic (Bosporan?) gem-cutting workshops. The proposed attribution is also confirmed by the fact that the custom of decorating jewelry with gems was especially widespread in the North Black Sea region. The above-discussed prisms were treated by their owners as ornaments and amulets, and not as a means for sealing.
Донские древности 12. Азак и мир вокруг него: материалы международной научной конференции (Азов, 14–18 октября 2019 г.)
GLAZED CERAMICS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE TIMES FROM EXCAVATION IN PARTNENIT (in Russian) / ПОЛИВНАЯ КЕРАМИКА ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ ИЗ РАСКОПОК ПАРТЕНИТА2019 •
The collection of glazed ceramics of the Golden Horde times from the excavations of the Partenity settlement (South Coast of Crimea) are represented in paper. There are different types of the imported and local wares. The productions of Caffa workshops dominate among the last one. About 3% of the dishes belong to the Alushta group. Import are represented mainly ceramics from Byzantine lands.
Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры. № 4.
2020. Ворошилов А.Н., Ворошилова О.М. Эллинистический каменный ящик из раскопок некрополя Фанагории 2015 года / Voroshilov A.N., Voroshilova O.M. A Hellenistic Stone Box from the Phanagoria Necropolis Excavations in 2015 (in Russian)2020 •
В статье рассматривается престижная каменная гробница эллинистической эпохи, открытая при раскопках Фанагории в 2015 г. Сооружение относится к редкому архитектурному типу захоронений в форме каменного ящика. Погребение 240/2015 отличается монументальностью, однако создано с использованием типичной для Фанагории строительной концепции. Немногочисленные находки и особенности конструкции позволяют датировать гробницу второй половиной 2 в. до н.э. Не исключено, что для ее возведения использовали камень из более ранних построек города. Выдающиеся размеры погребальной камеры позволяли единовременно разместить в ней тела двух человек. Гробница была ограблена еще в древности, вероятно, спустя непродолжительное время после совершения захоронения. Находка элемента декора из резной кости, наряду с большими размерами гробницы, свидетельствует об исключительной пышности погребальной церемонии и далеко не рядовом статусе погребенных в ней столичных жителей. Высота внутреннего пространства гробницы не позволяла разместить в ней высокий саркофаг. Костяная пластина могла быть частью украшений погребального ложа. Разобранное перекрытие гробницы указывает на то, что грабители были вынуждены полностью отбросить плиты, доставая вместилище тела на поверхность. Отсутствие в усыпальнице человеческих костей и предметов, сопровождавших умершего при погребении, свидетельствует об изъятии грабителями содержимого гробницы еще до полного разложения тела, вероятно, вместе с погребальным ложем и инвентарем. The article deals with a prestigious Hellenistic stone tomb discovered during 2015 excavations in Phanagoria. The structure belongs to a rare architectural type shaped as a stone box. Burial 240/2015 is quite monumental, but was made with the use of a construction concept typical for Phanagoria. Sparse fi nds and structural features allow us to date the tomb to the second half of the 2nd century BC. Perhaps, it was built of stone taken from earlier structures. The outstanding size of a burial chamber allowed placing two bodies at once. The tomb was robbed in ancient times, probably not long after it had been built. A decorative element made of carved bone and the large size suggest extraordinary splendor of the funeral ceremony and a very high social status of capital dwellers buried there. The height of inner space did not allow placing a high sarcophagus. The bone plate could be a part of funeral bed decorations. Demolished tomb ceiling suggests that robbers had to remove slabs, while taking the coffi n to the surface. Absence of human bones and grave goods shows that the robbers took the tomb contents even before complete decomposition of the body, probably together with the funeral bed and funerary equipment.
2022 •
The paper describes Late Roman and Early Byzantine decorated fine ware vessels and fragments found on both sides of the Kerch Strait (city of Kytaia, Džurg-Oba necropolis and fortlet Il’ičevskoe), and in Chersonesos. The finds represent the recently identified group of fine ceramics called Late Roman Pontic Burnished Ware. They are characterized by very refined, pale pinkish - light brownish clay containing some very fine flakes of mica and single lumps of lime of various sizes. The inside surface of the dishes is carefully burnished, producing a slight lustre, and contains elaborated decoration executed by delicate incising in dried clay after burnishing and before firing (sgraffito-like technique). The decorative compositions contain centrally placed big cross, in two cases flanked by palm-branches or cypresses of similar size, and in one case completed with representation of four birds between arms of the cross. The central compositions are surrounded by two concentric grooved lines accompanied in two cases by a long spiral scratched on their outside. The outer surface of the examined dishes was finished with less care, it has some turning marks and a dull appearance. The jugs with their burnished surfaces bear incised decoration in the upper part of their bodies. In both cases, it contains a friese composed of simple motifs such as palm trees and branches, threeleaf branches and rope patternBecause of their excellent quality, for many decades the Late Roman Pontic Burnished vessels were described in publications as red slip pottery. The vast majority of fragmented finds come from Chersonesos, but they are also known from several sites in the area of Bosporos Kimmerikos. The archaeological contexts of these discoveries indicate that the ware in question emerged on the Black Sea regional fineware market in the second quarter of the 6th century and remained an object of trade exchange at least until the end of that century but most probably also in the first decades of the 7th century. The production centre of these vessels remains unknown but the close similarity of their fabric to the previously (4th–5th c.) popular fineware group called Pontic Red Slip Ware hypothetically indicates its location in the southern Black Sea regions. The incised compositions of the LPBW dishes, resembling the decorative scheme on African Red Slip Ware dishes form 104, stamped in Style E(II), as well as the contexts of the vessels from Džurga Oba and Il’ičevskoe suggest that the discussed decorated vessels were manufactured in the early phase of the Late Roman Pontic Burnished Ware production, most probably during the reign of Justinians
BYZANTINE MARBLE OF TAURIC CHERSONESOS: BEGINNING OF THE STUDY. In the article the beginning of the study of marble architectural details brought to Tauric Chersonesos from Byzantine workshops is considered. The first author who turned to the study of the early Byzantine basilica of Tauric Chersonesos and their marble decor was Alexander L. Bertier-Delagarde. He made an important conclusion about the origin of marbles from Proconessos, but the dates he proposed were not confirmed. Unfortunately, the excavations of Tauric Chersonesos under the guidance of the Archaeological Commission (Sankt-Petersburg) was conducted not professionally, therefore there is no information on the structure with which the capitals and other elements are connected. The publication of the marble catalog conceived by Dmitry V. Ainalov did not take place. For the first time the typological and chronological classification of the marbles of Tauric Chersonesos was first realized by Anatoly L. Yakobson more than a century later and a quarter after the beginning of the excavations of the basilicas of Tauric Chersonesos.
This is the first (archaeological) part of the article "Chronology, Origin and Ethnicity of Maуkop Culture according to archaeological and written sources" by V.А. Safronov. It is devoted to the description of the Tell Chuera settlement in North-Eastern Syria that contained the ceramic which was similar to the ceramic complex of Maykop culture. Tell Chuera was built by the group of colonists who came from Ur at the end of the Early Dynastic period. The classification and the comparative-typological analysis of the Maykop and Tell Chuera vessels was carried. On author’s opinion the destruction of Tell Chuera is connected with the campaign of Naram-Suen, the king of Akkad, so Tell Chuera and Maykop is dated to 23 BC. These events caused the Tell Chuera population's withdrawal to the North Caucasus, where they left the barrows of Maikop culture and occupied the territory from the Lower Kuban River to the village of Bamut in Chechnya that became the boundary between Maykop culture and Kuro-Araks culture. Это археологическая часть статьи В.А. Сафронова "Хронология, происхождение и этническая принадлежность майкопской культуры по данным археологических и письменных источников". Дано описание поселения Телль Хуэйра в Северо-Восточной Сирии, где представлен керамический комплекс, полностью. соответствующий керамическому комплексу Майкопской курганной культуры. По мнению Мэллована, Телль Хуэйра построена колонистами из Ура, и такимс образом, его культура соответствует Раннединастическому III периоду.Впервые дана формульно-описательная классификация керамики Майкопских курганов. Гибель Телль Хуэйры, по мнению В.А. Сафронова , связана с походами аккадского царя Нарам-Суэна, поэтому уход населения (арамейцев) на Северный Кавказа связан с этими событиями. На Кавказе появляется новая майкопская курганная культура, не имеющая местных корней с границами от Нижнего Прикубанья до Бамута в Чечне , где майкопские памятники синхронны куро-аракской культуре. .
Золото Фанагории / Gold of Phanagoria
Золото в некрополе Фанагории / Gold in the necropolis of Phanagoria2015 •
Книга посвящена публикации и исследованию золотых изделий из раскопок, случайных находок и покупок из Фанагории. Работа основана на материалах, которые поступили в собрания Института археологии РАН в Москве, а также музеев Москвы (ГМИИ им. А. С. Пушкина), Краснодара и Тамани с 1928 по 2011 гг. Хронологические рамки работы: от второй половины 4 в. до н.э. до позднеантичного времени (самые поздние находки относятся к первой половине 5 в. н.э.). Особенностью работы является комплексный подход к исследованию. Артефакты из Фанагории рассматриваются как элементы погребального инвентаря (78 погребальных комплексов). Типологический и стилистический анализ предметов (277 каталожных номеров) дополняется специальными нумизматическими и эпиграфическими наблюдениями. Особое внимание уделено изучению рассматриваемых в работе предметов из золота при помощи методов естественных наук. The book is devoted to the publication and the study and gold jewelry from the excavations, chance finds and purchases from Phanagoria. The work is based on materials acquired by the Institute of Archaeology of Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, as well as museums in Moscow (State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts), Krasnodar and Taman from 1928 to 2011. Chronological framework of work: from the second half of the 4th century BC to late antiquity (the latest finds are dated to the first half of the 5th century AD). A characteristic feature of the work is a complex approach to the study. Artifacts from Phanagoria considered as elements of the funeral inventory (78 burial complexes). Typological and stylistic analysis of objects (277 catalogue numbers) is supplemented by special numismatic and epigraphic observations. Particular attention is paid to the investigations of gold objects using the methods of the natural sciences.
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