Advanced manufacturing technology

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of reverse engineering, discussing its various techniques, applications, challenges, and opportunities. By exploring these aspects, we can better appreciate the role of reverse engineering in advancing technology and solving complex problems. The primary objective of this paper is to elucidate the process and importance of reverse engineering across different domains. We aim to highlight the techniques used in reverse engineering, its applications in various industries, the challenges faced during the process, and the opportunities it presents for future advancements. Reverse engineering has a wide range of applications. In software development and maintenance, it aids in maintaining legacy systems and ensuring interoperability with modern technologies. It also drives product development and innovation by allowing companies to analyze competitors' products and enhance their own. Additionally, reverse engineering is used in legal and forensic contexts to resolve intellectual property disputes and conduct digital forensics. The process of reverse engineering faces several challenges, including technical, legal, and resource limitations. Technical challenges involve complex obfuscation techniques and evolving technologies that complicate the analysis. Legal and ethical challenges include navigating intellectual property laws and maintaining ethical integrity. Resource and expertise limitations involve the need for specialized tools, skilled personnel, and the significant time and cost involved in the process. Despite the challenges, reverse engineering presents numerous opportunities. Advancements in AI and machine learning have enhanced reverse engineering tools, making them more efficient and accurate.

In various fields such as aerospace, healthcare, optics, etc., there is an increasing demand for higher precision, necessitating
enhanced accuracy down to the smallest details. Surface micro-roughness is one of the critical aspects, and to improve quality, the
mathematical model of the material removal process in magnetorheological polishing has been widely applied. A mathematical model has been
created to calculate the properties of polishing based on the technique of surface improvement using magnetorheological finishing (MRF). This
article presents a methodology for predicting the shape and size of a function that affects the quality of the surface. The next section discusses
the impact of this function on material removal rates. This new model inherits and contributes to improving both accuracy and cost
effectiveness. Additionally, it allows polishing even more complex surfaces, marking the first step in providing influencing function timelines.

Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatures below −70 °C (< 203 K) to induce metallurgical changes in materials. The treatment showed a significant performance improvement in most ferrous materials and their alloys by transforming retained austenite to martensite and precipitating secondary carbides. However, the effect of such low-temperature treatment on highly stable super-hard materials such as tungsten carbide (commonly referred to as “cemented carbide”) is uncertain. However, researchers have reported the precipitation of etaphase carbides, densification of cobalt binder, refinement of tungsten carbide grains, phase transformation of cobalt, and changes in residual stress in cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) materials, which resulted in increased hardness and wear resistance. Hence, this paper focuses on summarizing the cryogenic treatment parameters used in different studies, the rate of performance improvement in different applications, and the reported mechanical and metallurgical changes, which would serve as a pool of knowledge for further studies.

Due to the variety of treatment processes, the decision to choose the best treatment process is difficult. This paper describes a fuzzy grey relational analysis (GRA) method for selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process. The rating of all alternatives and the weight of each criterion is described by linguistic variables, which can be expressed in triangular fuzzy numbers. Then, a vertex method is used to calculate the distance between two triangular fuzzy numbers. According to the concept of the GRA, a fuzzy relative relational degree is defined to determine the ranking order of all alternatives by calculating the degree of fuzzy grey relational coefficient to both the fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS) and fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS) simultaneously. Furthermore, a case study is carried out and solved by both methods (i.e., GRA and fuzzy GRA) to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. In the case study, five anaerobic wastewater treatmen...

The measure of bullwhip effect (BWE) has always been a challenging task to the researchers. BWE is one of the main performance measures for a supply chain. In the existing literature, the measurement of BWE has been performed based on the simple demand processes such as Moving Average, AR(1) (AutoRegression), AR(2), Exponential Smoothing and ARMA(1,1) (AutoRegressive Moving Average). In this paper, we have derived generalized expressions of BWE based on the generalized ARMA (p,q) demand process under the various replenishment policies. The expressions have been compared both algebraically and numerically in order to find out the appropriate replenishment policy that leads to minimum valued expression for BWE.

Assembly sequence planning (ASP) refers to the process of arrangement of a particular assembly sequence with regard to a product design. In assembly sequence planning, the relationships between components such as the geometry of compliant assemblies should be taken into account before a precedence diagram is eventually built and feasible assembly sequences can be generated. A better assembly sequence can contribute to reduce the cost and time of the manufacturing process, that is, among NP-hard problems. Thus, it is needed to find the optimal sequence from the feasible assembly sequences. In past few years, many optimization techniques have been used to solve the assembly sequence planning problem include Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). In this paper, an approach using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) which is a heuristic optimization algorithm that incorporates the Newton’s law of gravity and the law of motion int...

Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is one of the precision finishing processes in which magnetic field is used to drive abrading forces for Finishing 2D and complex 3D surfaces. In this paper, Ball End Magnetorheological Finishing (BEMRF) has been analyzed for fluid behaviors under the influence of strong magnetic field. Polishing action in MR-fluid depends on magnetization, magnetic intensity, fluid composition and relative motion between fluid and surface to be finished. Here, fluid stiffness is the key functionality which is determined in terms of magnetorheology effect. In most precision optics, this behavior plays a predominant role in obtaining very high precision of the order of 70nm or even less. In this context, viscosity of fluid has been analyzed in the presence of a magnetic field produced by the electromagnet. As fluid viscosity is a function of magnetization, volume fraction and magnetic intensity, they have been described to generate the magnetorheological effect in f...

This paper concerns with proposing a Fuzzy Inference System based expert system to breakthrough Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. Several approaches exist in the literature to objectively evaluate suppliers including fuzzy logic and total cost of the company. External purchase of products and services generally account for more savings can be realized by effectively selecting suppliers. In this study, we proposed a supplier selection analysis model considering Fuzzy Inference System technique is used for calculating the supplier ratings. The main objective of this study is to reduce procurement cost and develop closeness and long term relationship between buyer and suppliers in today’s competitive scenario.

RESUMO A análise das informações sobre adolescência/juventude que circularam no Brasil na história recente pode contribuir para a compreensão de como a adolescência é representada. Partindo da perspectiva da Teoria das Representações Sociais ...

3D free-form surfaces with high aesthetical and functional requirements are widely used in automotive and aerospace industry. Geometric and dimensional variations of these free-form surfaces caused by inevitable uncertainties in the manufacturing process often leads to product quality issues. Failing to model the effect of non-ideal parts, i.e., parts with geometric and dimensional errors, during design inhibits the ability to predict such quality issues. A major challenge for accurate modelling of non-ideal parts during early design phase is the limited availability of data and the ability to effectively utilise the historical data from similar parts. Overcoming this challenge a novel morphing Gaussian Random Field (mGRF) methodology for shape error modelling of 3D free-form surfaces during the early design stage is presented in this paper. The mGRF methodology works under the constraint of limited data availability and can utilise historical measurement data of similar parts to ge...

The aim of the paper is to apply metatriangulation and theory building to strengthen our theorizing on technological development of manufacturing firms. AMT literature is reviewed and by means of bracketing, the paper identifies a set of problematic assumptions embedded within traditional AMT research. A case study is used to emphasize how a process perspective enriches the traditional structural perspective. Finally, through first attempts at theory building, a set of propositions is suggested in order to overcome long-standing problems found in AMT research.

EDM can be employed to machine hard materials effectively. The magnetic force was added to the conventional EDM to investigate the effect upon surface characteristics and surface roughness of electrical discharge machined H11 die steel. The machining was accomplished at discharge current of 3, 5 and 7A with constant no-load voltage and pulse duration. The magnetic field (B) was added to the conventional EDM as 250, 450 and 600 gauss and the results were drawn in terms of surface roughness and surface topography. The results indicated that the magnetic force has the remarkable effect on EDM. Surface roughness decreased by 44.8% with the application of magnetic force. The number and size of surface cracks on the machined surface reduced, especially, at lower discharge current. SEM images indicated that the topography of the machined surface was finer with shallow discharge craters and folds in magnetic force assisted EDM.

An experimental study was carried out to improve the surface roughness quality of the stainless steel 420 using magnetic abrasive finishing method (MAF). Four independent operation parameters were studied (working gap, coil current, feed rate, and table stroke), and their effects on the MAF process were introduced. A rotating coil electromagnet was designed and implemented to use with plane surfaces. The magnetic abrasive powder used was formed from 33%Fe and 67% Quartz of (250µm mesh size). The lubricant type SAE 20W was used as a binder for the powder contents. Taguchi method was used for designing the experiments and the optimal values of the selected parameters were found. An empirical equation representing the relation between surface roughness with operation parameters have been achieved. Keyword: Magnetic abrasive finishing, MAF, abrasive powder, surface roughness, inductor, taguchi method, orthogonal arrays, electromagnetic poles.

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) is an advanced finishing method, which improves the quality of surfaces and performance of the products. The finishing technology for flat surfaces by MAF method is very economical in manufacturing fields an electromagnetic inductor was designed and manufactured for flat surface finishing formed in vertical milling machine. Magnetic abrasive powder was also produced under controlled condition. There are various parameters, such as the coil current, working gap, the volume of powder portion and feed rate, that are known to have a large impact on surface quality. This paper describes how Taguchi design of experiments is applied to find out important parameters influencing the surface quality generated during MAF method. In the experimental part, two types of materials from non-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic (Aluminum alloy 7020 and stainless Steel 410 respectively) were considered with different parameters. Regressions models based on statistical-mat...

The process of winnowing grains such as SORGHUM has been widely done manually in a lot of developing countries, such as Nigeria and this comes with a lot of stress and reduced output/productivity hence the need to develop a machine that will ease such burdens so that there is a better productivity and a reduced human effort in the winnowing process. As such, an electric-powered sorghum winnowing machine was designed and fabricated with locally sourced materials to ensure ease of maintenance and at no compromise to its efficiency and reliability. The machine component parts include the blower, hopper, feed gate, lever, and the machine frame. Sorghum sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a winnowing capacity of 530kg/hr and a winnowing efficiency of 96%. The fabricated winnowing machine performed well with high winnowing efficiency, reliability, and durability with an estimated cost of $450. It was also discovered th...

Working with SiC nanoparticles in HDODA as a model system for demonstrating the inkjet deposition process, nanocomposite films with a linear concentration gradient varying from 0 to 4.5%(wt) were fabricated on Silicon wafers. These composites are 30 layer films, which ...

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the patent literature about the evolution and development of 4D printing technology, highlighting its significant impact on the industrial and scientific domains. 4D printing, a progression derived from 3D printing, incorporates time as an additional dimension, enabling buildings to change, adapt, and respond to external stimuli autonomously. This review critically examines various patents, particularly identifying and analysing significant inventions, applications, and implications of 4D printing. Through a comprehensive examination of the intellectual property landscape, this scholarly article illuminates the path of development of the technology above and its potential to bring about transformative changes in various industries, including manufacturing and healthcare. Examining patented concepts, this study sheds light on the development, status, and prospects of 4D printing.