Beef Consumption

Uno de los problemas de la actual legislación de la carne en Chile radica en que se han considerado como equivalentes dos aspectos que en su naturaleza no lo son, como es la calidad de la canal y la calidad de la carne. La primera pone acento en los aspectos referentes al rendimiento de carne desde un punto de vista industrial y a su manejo posmortem (cantidad de carne obtenida, tamaño de los cortes, manejo de las canales en las cámaras de frío, entre otras). En tanto la segunda se enfoca en la experiencia de consumo, particularmente en los aspectos sensoriales, es decir, terneza, jugosidad y flavor (aroma y sabor). En efecto, una buena canal no necesariamente se traduce en una buena experiencia de consumo por parte del público, ya que una buena canal puede terminar siendo un carne dura para el consumidor debido, por ejemplo, al acortamiento por frío. Este es un proceso mediante el cual los sarcómeros (unidad básica del músculo) se acortan debido a la respuesta nerviosa inducida por el frío al que se somete la canal posfaena combinada con una baja cobertura grasa o bien desuniforme. Lo anterior ocurre cuando la temperatura de la canal desciende rápidamente antes de comenzar la fase de rigor mortis. Así entonces, un adecuado manejo de la temperarura y el pH son claves en este sentido, aspecto que escapa al productor. Sistemas de calificación de las canales y calidad de la carne Uno de los principales objetivos de muchos de estos sistemas es proveer al consumidor una idea general respecto de la experiencia que este tendrá al consumir una carne en particular. También buscan estimar la cantidad de carne comercializable que se podrá obtener de la canal. Desde el punto de vista del consumidor, los aspectos culturales pueden ser también determinantes a la hora de hablar de calidad de carnes. Por ejemplo, el color de la grasa amarilla, típica de sistemas pastoriles, tiene un efecto negativo en la calidad de la carne según los resultados de una encuesta internacional elaborada por la industria canadiense que incluyo a Japón, Corea, Taiwan, Honk Kong y México (realizada durante el año 2006). En el estudio, más del 80% de los consumidores indicó preferir la grasa de color blanco, mientras que aproximadaemente un 90% prefiere carnes de color rojo brillante, sin cortes oscuros. La filosofía detrás de estos procesos de calificación y tipificación es la de homogenizar la calidad, rendimiento y valor de los productos de manera tal de mejorar su mercadeo y comercialización (especialmente a nivel internacional, pero también a nivel interno). Al mismo tiempo, asegura a los consumidores consistencia y calidad de la carne que estos decidan consumir. En su mayoría, estos sistemas se encuentran muy bien definidos y basados tanto en la demanda de la industria como la de los propios consumidores cosniderando variables objetivas. Cabe señalar que los sistemas norteamericano, canadiense, australiano y japonés

In contemporary India, the negotiations and conflicts over the significations imparted to meat and to meat-eating have opened the way to new episodes of communal tension and violence. Arguably, the more meat it is accepted and commodified, the more it is also contested and politicized.

For decades the consumption of red meat has been subject of global debate. First for its effect on human health and more recently for ethical and environmental issues. However, meat has been part of human diet for more than 3 million years, and it is considered as critical in man´s evolution, as well as in the development of his cognitive abilities. Since late 1970s there have been a growing pressure to reduce their consumption based mainly on epidemiological studies, which establish associations but not causality. However, results from randomized controlled studies, the most reliable and accepted scientific evidence, have not been able to establish causality between its consumption and cardiovascular diseases and/or cancer, nor of these with the consumption of saturated fats. This raises reasonable doubts about the effectiveness of current nutritional recommendations and their potential impact on health. In this paper we present recent evidence on the effect of consumption of saturated fat and beef on health, as a new paradigm. This food with low caloric content and high nutrient density, in turn of high bioavailability, also provides important functional metabolites for human health, and can be perfectly part of a healthy and environmentally friendly diet.

This article traces the history of cow's holiness in the Vedic period documents and how it has been manufactured by the Hindutva gang, specially RSS to persecute Muslims and Dalits.
Link for Hindi versions:
https://hindi.sabrangindia.in/article/cow-and-hindutva-facts-and-myths
http://www.hastakshep.com/hindiopinion/cow-hindutva-myth-reality-14421
Link for English version:
https://sabrangindia.in/article/cow-hindutva-some-myths-facts

Cattle slaughter and beef consumption are barely mentioned in the literature on Chinese economic, food, or animal history. This is possibly due to the widely held popular and scholarly assumption that beef was avoided and even considered taboo in the daily diet of Chinese people in premodern times. This article investigates the tangible regulation and practice of cattle slaughter in Qing China—the period when the beef taboo was argued to be formally subsumed into Chinese morality. I ask the following questions: To what extent did the Qing state ban cattle slaughter? How was the ban enforced in the localities? Did Chinese people slaughter cattle for consumption? Were there lawful beef markets in Qing China proper? How did increasing beef-eating Western sojourners since the mid-19th century impact this sector? Accordingly, I demonstrate that with the leeway provided by the state, the cattle slaughter industry developed in many regions of China proper, especially large cities. In this sector, Chinese Muslim merchants played a dominant role, even though the Han merchants could outnumber them. Their efforts have prepared the state and Chinese merchants to better cope with new circumstances since the mid-19th century. Broadly, this paper sheds light on how different religious, ethnic, and national groups affected the economy and the practice of law in the Qing dynasty.

There is an increase of the global demands for animal meat due to population growth, urbanization and rising income, especially in the developing countries. This study aims to apply and extend the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) in determining the factors that influence household beef purchase intention from a survey in Kano State, Nigeria. The study used primary survey data which was conducted between the months of January and April 2019. The data were collected with the aid of a questionnaires using face to face interview with 445 household heads. The multiple regression method was used to identify the crucial factors that influenced household beef purchase intention. The key findings revealed more than half (58.7%) of the respondents reported daily beef purchase and the general market was the main meat shopping place for majority (62.7%). The average monthly beef expenditure of the respondents was $24.5. Meanwhile, about 47.2% of the sample spent less than $13.9 monthly on meat substitutes. Moreover, the respondents gave much attention to freshness and taste before purchasing. About 76% of the respondents expected to increase their future beef purchase. The extended TPB variables explained 69.5% of the variation in the intention to purchase beef, with the variables showing strongly positive relationship including: attitude(p < 0.01, β = 0.097), subjective norm(p < 0.01, β = 0.114), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.05, β = 0.069) , habit (p < 0.01, β = 0.642) and perceived health risk (p < 0.1, β = 0.057). Surprisingly, personal norms negatively affect household beef purchase intention at(p < 0.01, β = −0.113). The overall findings show that the beef market in Nigeria has not been exploited to its full potentials. The findings would be useful to policy makers, industry experts and practitioners in meeting existing and increasing consumer demand for beef and beef substitutes.

The advent of refrigerated transport made fresh beef a global commodity, linking South American and Australian producers to hungry consumers in Europe and North America. With vast supplies of cattle, and growing markets in Japan, Russia and beyond, China was the last great frontier of this global transformation. Rather than a single export trade, China’s beef industry was a complex and multidirectional network of producers, processors and consumers, its many production chains each facing distinct commercial, logistic, and political challenges. This article examines three such chains, the Qing-era caravan trade that drove live sheep and cattle to Beijing, the Harbin meatpacking industry that grew up around the Russian China Eastern Railway, and Japanese-dominated export of beef from Qingdao, as a cross section of these issues, showing how the industry as a whole adapted to the new pressures and opportunities of globalization, as well as those presented by technology, foreign investment, imperialism and war.

Animal source foods (ASF) are essential for proper human development and function. Livestock in general, and ruminants in particular, are essential components of our sustainable global food systems. Of significant worldwide impact, diets with higher-than-recommended levels of ASF can correct the symptoms of metabolic illnesses, offering hope in arresting the current worldwide epidemic of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Most dietary policy and recommendations are based on the ill-founded belief that plant-based, high-carbohydrate diets are “healthy.” High-quality scientific evidence does not support the belief that vegetarian diets are healthier than omnivorous or animal-based diets. A Therapeutic Carbohydrate Reduction (TCR) lifestyle approach has demonstrated its efficacy in reversing Insulin Resistance (IR) and the non-communicable diseases associated with, or caused, by it. True sustainability is a multifaceted topic consisting of societal, economic, and ecological aspects...

This article explores the shifting role of slaughter and meat consumption in Bhutan as a result of the recent religionization of Bhutanese politics and as a case of religious nationalism. It argues that there is a tension between customary meat consumption and traditional blood sacrifice and the Buddhist nonviolent ritual practice of tsethar that is propagated as a central part of modern Bhutanese nationalism and good citizenship. This tension has created a situation where animal welfare and vegetarianism are dominant in the public discourse while slaughter and meat consumption still continue-but as concealed and obscure practices. The article presents data from ethnographic fieldwork and other sources to demonstrate how this process has played out in practice.

Prion Disease Never An Isolated Event
Mad cow disease has again raised its ugly head in the United States. Thanks to misinformation and mismanagement by government, the problem will persist.
Government and industry representatives announced yesterday that an 11-year-old beef cow in Alabama tested positive for prion disease. Also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the disease is always fatal and a major concern for producers and consumers alike.
It was detected after the cow showed clinical signs of sickness at an Alabama livestock market. This animal never entered slaughter channels and at no time presented a risk to the food supply, or to human health in the United States, the U.S.D.A. said. Unfortunately, this producer did attempt to sell a very sick animal to an unsuspecting buyer. He obviously has a farm or ranch that is contaminated. The sick animal added to the contamination on the farm with its urine, feces and saliva. It also infected the livestock auction site. Sun and oxygen do not deplete prions. In fact, they can mutate and multiply in some soil and migrate away via the wind and water runoff.
The Problem With Prions
Each prion victim is a symptom of a much bigger threat to food safety, water quality and public health. Prion disease has been detected in livestock around the world. Of the five confirmed occurrences of BSE in cattle in the United States, this is the second in Alabama., but the vast majority of beef and dairy cattle are not tested thanks to intense lobbying from cattle producers and food companies.

Unfortunately, livestock producers, farmers and other land owners are being duped into a false sense of security and many are unwittingly participating in high-risk production practices that expose livestock, wildlife and people to deadly prions. To purge the threat of prion disease from the food supply, it’s time to manage prion pathways like we handle all biohazards. It’s time for government agencies to stop spreading misinformation and stop promoting risky production practices, including the dumping of infectious waste on farms, ranches, golf courses, parks and playgrounds. Cities are now dumping their highly infectious sewage sludge, also known as biosolids, on open land across the U.S.—especially in rural areas. It’s bioterrorism. It’s fueling the spike in Alzheimer’s disease, autism, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, chronic wasting disease and mad cow disease. It’s also fueling cancer, endocrine disruption and more.

Opracowanie ma na celu prezentację wyników ankietowych badań konsumenckiego zainteresowania
wołowiną wśród mieszkańców Podkarpacia.
Opracowanie obejmuje:
• charakterystykę towaroznawczo-żywieniową wołowiny,
• analizę rynku wołowiny,
• przegląd badań naukowych o zachowaniach konsumentów na rynku mięsa,
• prezentację zachowań, postaw i preferencji mieszkańców Podkarpacia związanych
z konsumpcją i kupowaniem wołowiny,
• określenie zainteresowania produktem regionalnym pod marką „Podkarpacka Wołowina”,
• prezentację możliwości wykorzystania „Podkarpackiej Wołowiny” w sztuce kulinarnej,
• sformułowanie rekomendacji aplikacyjnych.

Beef festivals are a dramatic and visible form of protest against the Indian government’s ban on beef. These festivals are framed popularly as an assertion of Dalit ‘cultural rights’ and identity, with beef represented as the cultural food of Dalits. While it is clear that the
beef ban is a casteist ban based on a Brahmanical food hierarchy, this paper explores the limits of resisting casteism through the assertion of caste-based cultural rights and identities, or as an assertion of an individual right to food choice. It argues that such a politics of resisting casteism runs into problems of the culturalization of caste, and limits the kinds of radical Dalit subjects and actors who could emerge as liberatory political subjects. The paper calls for reframing beef festivals as ‘antagonistic’ moments that articulate the degradation of Dalit labor in the politics of beef, reassert Dalit identity as an anti-caste identity rather than a cultural caste identity, and herald a politics of ‘multiculturalism against caste’.

Keywords: beef; Dalit; anti-casteism; cultural identity; culturalization

[PLEASE USE THIS ESSAY TO COUNTER COW FASCISM]
The Hindutva juggernaut which rode on with Ram, love jihaad and ghar wapsi on top of it, is riding with cow this time. There have been countless incidents of lynching, maiming and robbing of Muslims and Dalits in the name of saving holy cows. It is to be noted that there are large number of such attacks which go unreported. The videos of such lynching and maiming uploaded on the social media by the perpetrators as instances of latter's bravado are horrendous and blood curdlingcomparable only to the violence during Partition. This spectacle clearly shows the collusion of State with the criminals who fear no law. These shameful visuals show how brazenly Hindutva perpetrators make merry, celebrate and enjoy the ‗game' of lynching. These criminals who are out on religious duty of saving holy cows are worldly mortals also. This is proved when we find them robbing the victims before lynching. This killer cow juggernaut continues to roll down despite our PM, a senior RSS leader, describing most of these lovers of 'gaumaataa' in August 2016, as antisocial elements. According to him: " It makes me angry that people are running shops in the name of cow protection…Some people indulge in antisocial activities at night, and in the day masquerade as cow protectors. " If despite this strong rebuttal by the PM, almost one year back, violence in the name of cow has become more common, covering larger areas of India, more strident and beyond control; it may have either of the two following explanations. Firstly, PM playing to the gallery spoke those words in order to diffuse the social anger against such criminal activities. Secondly, the current cow vigilantes are the ones who are not antisocial elements but fall into the category which has Prime Ministerial approval and sanction as genuine holy cow saviours. There is no doubt, these gangsters have sanction of the RSS and law and order machinery.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a percepção de valor de compradores de carne bovina in natura a partir dos compostos mercadológicos considerados pelos clientes no processo de compra em empresas do segmento supermercadista de Porto Velho-RO, visando propor um modelo de composto mercadológico direcionado ao varejo de carne bovina. Para tal, foi analisada a percepção de valor dos compradores de carne bovina e conhecidos quais elementos do composto mercadológico varejista eram considerados no ato da compra, além disso, foram analisados quais elementos influenciam o comportamento de compra dos consumidores. Tendo como referencial os autores Barki, Parente, Kotler, Neves, Machado, Parasuraman, Zeithaml e Berry, entre outros, foram discutidos e apontados aspectos inerentes a cadeia da bovinocultura de corte, varejo supermercadista, composto mercadológico e percepção de valor. A metodologia empregada neste estudo tem natureza quantitativa e abordagem descritiva. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionários aplicados a 333 pessoas, embora apenas 316 tenham sido considerados válidos. A fim de atender os objetivos, os métodos de análise utilizados foram a análise descritiva, análise de conglomerados e análise fatorial. Os resultados indicam que a maior influência no comportamento de compra dos consumidores é proveniente de fatores psicológicos, sendo estes ligados ao aprendizado proveniente de experiências pessoais obtidas em compras anteriores e conhecimento explícito. A evidência do processo de compra da carne como um procedimento individualizado, com poucas influências sociais, inclusive familiares é exposta e pertinente à pesquisa realizada. As estratégias de atendimento se mostraram como aquelas com maior nível de importância atribuída à comercialização da carne. Esses resultados corroboram com o descrito por Parente e Barki (2006), afirmando que o consumidor brasileiro preza pelo uso da força de vendas no ato da compra. Relacionado a isto, verificou-se que a influência da força de vendas na percepção do indivíduo é mais significativa do que as ações destinadas a agregar valor por meio da parte tangível do produto ou políticas de preço. A análise de conglomerados mostrou a existência de dois grupos de consumidores. Um, rotulado como “os influenciáveis”, é formado, em sua maioria, por mulheres e pessoas com renda familiar mediana entre R$1.244,01 e R$6.220,00. Esse conglomerado possui maior percepção de valor atribuída a todos os fatores que influenciam o comportamento de compra e ao composto mercadológico. O segundo, denominado “pouco influenciáveis”, tem presença maior de pessoas com renda superior a R$6.220,01, homogeneidade entre homens e mulheres, percepção de valor menor do que o outro grupo em todos os fatores que influenciam o comportamento de compra e composto mercadológico. A análise fatorial exploratória mostrou uma estrutura subjacente ao composto mercadológico varejista quando este é relacionado a comercialização da carne bovina. Estas estruturas são dadas por oito fatores, que são: comunicação, atendimento, acesso, preço, produto, higiene e decoração, layout e consistência.

The effects of dietary chromium methionine (CrMet) on growth performance, serum metabolites, endocrine parameters, antioxidant status, and immune traits in growing pigs were investigated. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (30.18 ± 0.28 kg initial body mass) were randomly divided into five groups, each group with six pens, six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed on the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/kg Cr from CrMet for 35 days. The results showed that supplemental CrMet did not affect growth performance. Cr at 200-800 μg/kg significantly decreased serum glucose levels (P &lt; 0.05), while other serum metabolites were unaffected by Cr supplementation. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly decreased by Cr addition (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were linearly decreased with increased Cr dose, and a significant reduction was observed in pigs fed 800 μg/kg Cr diets (P &lt; 0.05). Serum immunoglobul...

Animal source foods (ASF) are essential for proper human development and function. Livestock in general, and ruminants in particular, are essential components of our sustainable global food systems. Of significant worldwide impact, diets with higher-than-recommended levels of ASF can correct the symptoms of metabolic illnesses, offering hope in arresting the current worldwide epidemic of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Most dietary policy and recommendations are based on the ill-founded belief that plant-based, highcarbohydrate diets are "healthy." High-quality scientific evidence does not support the belief that vegetarian diets are healthier than omnivorous or animal-based diets. A Therapeutic Carbohydrate Reduction (TCR) lifestyle approach has demonstrated its efficacy in reversing Insulin Resistance (IR) and the noncommunicable diseases associated with, or caused, by it. True sustainability is a multifaceted topic consisting of societal, economic, and ecological aspects. The enormous suffering and financial costs of chronic illness must be acknowledged. The production of high-quality animal protein and animal fat by ruminants from feed resources humans cannot directly utilize will be fundamental to feeding a growing population. This essential food production can preserve and enhance the diverse environments where it takes place. We need a revolution in our thinking of what constitutes a healthy diet, of what causes chronic illness, of the vital role that animal product play in the human diet, and the essential nature of ruminant animal agriculture in meeting humanity's needs. This will mean overthrowing established policies and institutions, and confronting vested belief systems. We'll need an effort, analogous to the Green Revolution, to develop and deploy the knowledge and technology necessary to meet the needs of the mid-21st Century world.

This chapter from ‘Livestock management strategies and challenges’ is a brief overview of the production systems, trends in volume of output, ratio of domestic consumption to exports, and future prospects for land use, livelihoods and biodiversity in the principal biomes in the three countries. The role of pastures (both sown and native) is discussed against the background of increasing pressure to convert potentially arable land to cropland (notably for soybean production). Evolution of more sustainable production systems and changing dietary habits are discussed.

Efecto de un implante estimulante de crecimiento anabólico sobre la respuesta productiva y económica de novillos de tres razas Effect of an anabolic growth-stimulating implant on the productive and economic response of steers of three breeds

Gujarat Assembly on March 31, 2017 passed a new law on cow-slaughter. Anybody involved in this would be awarded life sentence. Next day, in order to outdo Vijay Rupani, CM of Gujarat, the CM of Chattisgarh, Raman Singh announced that anybody found doing it would be hanged. These two chief ministers, if they are serious in revering mother cow, must ask RSS/BJP to begin this process in Goa, Manipur and Arunachal where despite RSS/BJP governments beef is officially available. The rulers there should be tried hanged or imprisoned for life.

While the global community is seeking to reduce fossil fuel consumption, a parallel but equally important issue is the environmental impacts of increased world consumption of beef. We provide a comparative analysis and synthesis of the expansion of beef cattle production and its regional and global environmental impacts for Queensland (Australia), Colombia and Brazil. Evidence assembled indicates that rising beef consumption is a major driver of regional and global change, and warrants greater policy attention. We propose four policy imperatives to help mitigate escalating environmental impacts of beef: stop subsidising beef production and promoting beef consumption; control future expansion of soybeans and extensive grazing; protect and restore regrowth forests in grazing lands; and allocate resources to less environmentally damaging alternative land uses.

The RSS/BJP governments (specially in Haryana) have turned the issue of beef into Hindu vs Muslim issue. However, beef is not specific to Muslims. The ancient scriptures (which Hindutva camp describes as Hindu scriptures) prove that beef was part of Hindu cusine.

Tiger nut fibre is a by-product of tiger nut milk processing produced in high quantity with high content of fibre which allows its application in the formulation of foods rich in dietary fibre. Elaboration of Beef-Tiger nut fibre burgers were carried out by inclusion of different percentages (0%control, 5%, 10% 15% and 20%) of Tiger nut fibre (TNF), in the formulation of beef burgers which were analysed for proximate composition, textural profile, physical and sensory properties. Statistically, beef burgers elaborated with TNF had higher proximate compositions. Carbohydrate and crude fibre content increased significantly in the 20%TNF sample. In colour, redness reduced significant from control sample to 20%TNF sample while brownness increased. Significant changes were observed in certain textural parameters. Chewiness significantly increased across samples while adhesiveness decreased. pH and water activity showed no significant difference at p≥0.05. Changes due to TNF addition observed in raw burgers were concealed by variation in parameter due to cooking during preparation of sensory samples. Burgers with TNF were less juicy, less tender and with less meaty flavour. Overall acceptability scores were lower in burgers with 10% and 20% TNF, although no significant difference was observed for all samples. TNF inclusion to burgers is a favourable and suitable application based on the improved quality product obtained in this research.