Border

From Anthony Burgess's musings during the Second World War to recent scholarly assessments, Gibraltar has been considered a no man's literary land. However, the Rock has produced a steady body of literature written in English throughout the second half of the twentieth century and into the present. Apparently situated in the midst of two identitary deficits, Gibraltarian literature occupies a narrative space that is neither British nor Spanish but something else. M. G. Sanchez's novels and memoir situate themselves in this liminal space of multiple cultural traditions and linguistic contamination. The writer anatomizes this space crossed and partitioned by multiple and fluid borders and boundaries. What appears as deficient or lacking from the British and the Spanish points of view, the curse of the periphery, the curse of inhabiting a no man's land, is repossessed in Sanchez's writing in order to flesh out a border culture with very specific linguistic and cultural traits. Resumen: Desde las descripciones de Anthony Burgess durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta las historias de la literatura más recientes, Gibraltar siempre ha aparecido como tierra de nadie desde el punto de vista literario. Sin embargo, la Roca tiene en su haber un corpus literario escrito en inglés desde mediados del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Aparentemente situada entre dos deficiencias identitarias, la literatura gibraltareña ocupa un espacio literario distintivo que no es británico ni español. Las novelas y el relato autobiográfico de M. G. Sanchez se sitúan en este espacio liminar de múltiples tradiciones y contaminaciones lingüísticas. El escritor disecciona este espacio atravesado por múltiples fronteras y barreras. Lo que en principio

This paper explores cross-border ethnic relations as an important socio-economic strategy for the borderland Iban population in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Iban seeking more lucrative wage work have long used their ethnic identity to facilitate circular labour migration across the international border into Sarawak, Malaysia, a strategy which has also compromised their claims to Indonesian citizenship. Drawing on long-term field research among the West Kalimantan Iban, we examine the close interconnections among cross-border labour migration, ethnicity, identity, and citizenship, and how this plays into contemporary issues related to Indonesian political and economic change.

This article argues that the situation of shortage that characterized state socialist societies for long periods of their existence could inform in meaningful ways the theory on consumption produced about non-socialist settings. Unlike the political economy studies of consumption during state socialism that focus on social relations, this article assumes a more limited definition of consumption that focuses on objects and practices. Using data from a village in Romania whose inhabitants were engaged, in large numbers, in shopping across the Hungarian–Romanian border, the tribulations of obtaining consumer goods are described. The scarcity of such goods led to practices such as hoarding, rationing, intensive recycling and extensive repairs. This ethnographic case suggests that the dimension of transportation – extremely complicated by border surveillance – should be taken into account in broad definitions of consumption.

This article explores the relationship between information and mobility as it is manifest at the Mexico-US border and understands that border to be one, although very important, site of information processing and production. Within the electronic as well as the physical spaces of the Mexico-US borderlands, it is argued that practices of evasion and exposure produce specific forms of politics. These forms bear on the militarization of the border, particular bourgeois anxieties, various instances of violence, the pursuit of survival strategies and recognition, and the emergence of resistance and countertactics. Also considered are possibilities for alternatives to the ways mobility is governed and challenged in the borderlands especially as it bears on the lives of migrants.

La ferita del confine: la condizione di liminalità del corpo e della psiche

Il processo di costruzione e di significazione della propria esperienza si realizza mediante lo sviluppo di confini. Essi rappresentano dispositivi semiotici dinamici che consentono simultaneamente processi di distinzione e di connessione, separazione e integrazione, individuazione e appartenenza. In una prospettiva semiotica e psicodinamica, la pelle rappresenta un primo e fondamentale processo di confine che
rende possibile lo sviluppo identitario, la dimensione intersoggettiva e la condivisione entro i propri contesti di vita. La malattia si configura come una discontinuità di vita costituendo una lacerazione dei propri confini somatici, psichici, sociali. A partire da questa ferita, la persona colpita da una malattia può ritrovarsi in una condizione di liminalità. Tale  nozione, originariamente antropologica, risulta di attuale interesse nel
contesto psicologico in quanto la caratteristica principale è il sentimento di disorientamento, isolamento, frammentazione, esclusione dal mondo degli altri. In termini clinici, l’elaborazione dell’esperienza liminale può avvenire attraverso la costruzione di nuovi sistemi di confine che possono ridare senso ai molteplici aspetti della vita.

The process of meaning-making of personal experience is realized through the development of borders. They represent dynamic semiotic devices that allow us simultaneous processes of distinction and connection, separation and integration, individuation and belonging. In a semiotic and psychodynamic perspective, the skin is the first and fundamental boundary process that makes possible the development of
identity, the intersubjective dimension and sharing within life contexts. The illness appears as a life discontinuity constituting a laceration of personal somatic, psychic, social borders. From this wound, the victim of an illness may find his/herself in a state of liminality. This concept, originally anthropological, is of current interest in the psychological context as the main feature is the feeling of disorientation, isolation,
fragmentation, exclusion from the world of others. In clinical terms, the elaboration of the liminal experience can occur through the construction of new border systems that  can construct new meaning to the many aspects of life.

O presente artigo discute a fronteira existente entre os domínios de Afrodite e de Ártemis, contíguos, eles possuem um ponto de interseção que une e separa  dois momentos na vida do homem e, sobretudo, da mulher, a sexualidade.
The current article discusses the border between Aphrodite’s and Artemis’ domain. Together, they have an intersection point that joins and separates two moments in man’s life and, above all, in woman’s life, that is, sexuality.

Un port fluvial organise le trafic entre deux villes frontalières, Brazzaville et Kinshasa, situées de part et d’autre du fleuve Congo en Afrique centrale. Il est devenu en une dizaine d’années un espace notoire de trafic dans lequel une vaste activité de petite contrebande — connue de tous, mais visible et cachée, tout à la fois— s’est organisée pour l’importation à Kinshasa via Brazzaville des textiles imprimés d’origine asiatique. A travers une analyse des pratiques frauduleuses dans un port fluvial qui réunit plusieurs services de l’Etat chargés en principe d’appliquer la loi, cette contribution examine comment les acteurs qui travaillent dans ce poste frontalier et ceux qui y circulent, construisent ensemble les normes d’importations et de passages illégaux des marchandises.

Omniprésent dans notre entourage immédiat, le paysage linguistique demeure un grand inconnu pour la majorité des chercheurs. La langue, ou les langues, font partie de notre quotidien ; elles assurent la communication entre semblables, elles sont aussi, souvent, un élément significatif dans les jeux de construction et reconstruction identitaires. Enfin, elles sont en même temps véhicule et enjeu des communautés linguistiques. Leur inscription dans l'entourage humanisé qu'est le paysage fonde la notion de paysage linguistique. Celui-ci se matérialise à travers les panneaux, les noms de rues, c'est-à-dire des supports de toutes sortes, forme et matières sur lesquels l'on peut lire des messages écrits. Visible mais largement méconnu, et encore peu étudié, le paysage linguistique fait partie des éléments qui donnent forme au paysage de nos sociétés contemporaines au sein desquelles l'écriture a acquis une place prééminente dont on ne peut plus se départir. Travaillant à partir d'une perspective pluridisciplinaire prenant appui sur la sociolinguistique et l'ethnologie, notre recherche s'est focalisée principalement sur l'analyse de la signalétique routière entre Donostia et Bayonne 1 (Fig. 1). À ce jour, les réalités linguistiques présentes dans ce contexte transfrontalier sont très différentes : il s'agit d'un cadre multilingue où le basque, l'espagnol et le français cohabitent. Cependant, chacune de ces langues jouit d'un statut linguistique bien différencié. Si le basque est parlé de part et d'autre de la frontière, son statut, comme nous le verrons plus loin, présente des différences notables des deux côtés de la frontière 2. Tout cela se reflète dans la signalétique routière et dans la manière dont elle mise en avant par les autorités et les agents sociaux. Prenant appui sur une recherche de terrain multisite 3 , cet article entend mettre à jour les différents éléments qui entrent en jeu dans le paysage linguistique, tout particulièrement pour ce qui a trait à la fonction symbolique des langues. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéresserons aux enjeux qui interviennent dans la composition du paysage linguistique et à l'impact des différentes politiques linguistiques dans ce domaine précis qu'est la signalétique routière. 1. Ce travail s'inscrit dans un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire et transfrontalier d'Eusko Ikaskuntza sur l'aménagement du territoire au Pays Basque (2006-2007) qui a bénéficié des fonds du programme de recherche Euskadi Aquitaine financé par l'UE. 2. Au Sud de la frontière, le basque est langue co-officielle avec l'espagnol dans la Communauté Autonome basque et dans la partie septentrionale de la Navarre. Dans le cas de la France, le basque n'a dans la pratique aucun statut officiel, si ce n'est une reconnaissance qui relève uniquement du domaine du symbolique et qui n'oblige en rien les autorités à la prendre en considération. 3. G.E. MARCUS, « Ethnography in/of the World System : The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography ».

Tujuan dibuatnya penelitian ini untuk menganalisis untuk dapat mengetahui dan memahami peran pengawasan dan inteligen imigrasi dalam mengawasi orang asing yang berada di wilayah Indonesia dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah timbulnya masalah keamanan negara yang dibuat oleh orang asing. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui peraturan perundangan, buku-buku, serta sumber-sumber yang data dibuktikan kebenarannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peran dari pengawasan dan intel keimigrasian dalam mendeteksi dini setiap ancaman keamanan yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh orang asing di wilayah Indonesia. Melalui proses berbagai tahap dari deteksi dini, seperti pengelolaan data orang asing, menganalisis informasi yang akurat dalam sistem manajemen informasi keimigrasian, serta peran masyarakat dalam mengawasi orang asing di Indonesia. Informasi yang didapat berasal dari keterangan masyarakat, pemerintah, melakukan penyisiran tempat tinggal dari keterangan masyarakat, serta melakukan operasi intelejen. Dalam kemajuan zaman Industri 4.0 dibentuk aplikasi dalam mengawasi orang asing seperti APOA melibatkan seluruh masyarakat , instansi pemerintah, maupun tempat-tempat dimana terdapat orang asing. Kemudian bekerja sama dengan Instansi penjaga keamanan negara seperti TNI, Polri dan BIN dalam pertukaran informasi terkait keberadaan orang asing. Terakhir dengan bekerjasama dengan interpol sehingga imigrasi dapat mengakses data-data imigran yang ada di seluruh negara yang datang ke Indonesia.
Kata Kunci : Pengawasan, Tindakan, Intelejen

The geographic context of the central Pyrenees offers a good number of crossings between linguistic and political borders, which allow us to contrast different political areas into a single language and different linguistic areas into a single administrative context. In this article the contrast is observed between different liguistic policies for the Catalan linguistic area and different linguistic areas, Catalan and Occitan, affected by the politics of language planning applied under the Catalan autonomous administration, again in contrast, for the case of Occitan, with what is found along the border between the French and the Spanish states, where Occitan is also spoken. As a result, some conclusions are offered that invite us to review some interpretations concerning the social role of intralinguistic diversity and to promote actions in this sense.

""The archaeological investigations at the Petrovac site in 2006 and 2007 yielded a small assemblage of Roman pottery in a secondary context:
it was found within a single layer in association with prehistoric pottery outside the walls of a late mediaeval monastery, and it is dated between
the 1st and 4th century. As regards the structural and typological features of the pottery from Petrovac, the closest analogy exists with
the neighbouring micro-region around Topusko, and further also with the area of Upper Pannonia. In addition to Pannonian products there
were also imports from Gaul and Afri""

Fences on the border can't be Europe's future Only diplomacy, legal pathways, and the fight against poverty can prevent the abuse of migration flows in Europe's geopolitical quagmire After struggling with the migration crisis on European Union's (EU) eastern borders and Belarus' attempts at provocation, 12 EU countries have proposed fast-tracking policy changes related to migration and the policing of external borders. Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania have begun building new border structures equipped with surveillance systems, as well as monitoring their borders with Belarus.

Intercultural dimensions are inextricably integrated with cross-border realities and they must be present in all aspects of scientific thinking on borders, their effects and their crossing. Any interdisciplinary research approach on cross-border dynamics and territorial cooperation is therefore necessarily accompanied by a triple epistemological compromise: between researchers and actors, between researchers from different disciplines, between researchers of different nationalities. This implies a multitude of transactional processes, in the sense of the sociology of social transaction, generally implicit, at work permanently in all stages of the project.
However, the problematization phase is certainly a crucial moment for these transactional dynamics. Indeed, the formulation of a problem conditions the conceptualization phase, which itself mobilizes preexisting theoretical and conceptual devices in reference to a reality of which it conventionally defines the contours. The problematization is therefore the moment when the reconciliation of practitioners' expectations and the requirements of the research work must “naturally” take place, such as interdisciplinary and transnational coherence, in the construction of the research object.
For this, the overall approach must be highly structured and long-term. The team must be stable and available. Interactions between the researchers involved in the project must be frequent and not confined to digital communications. These conditions are probably not very easy to meet. All the more reason to hope that Community funding will favor these demanding and highly integrated approaches.


Résumé
Les dimensions interculturelles sont indissociablement intégrées aux réalités transfrontalières et elles doivent être présentes dans tous les aspects des réflexions scientifiques sur les frontières, leurs effets et leur dépassement.. Toute démarche de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les dynamiques transfrontalières et la coopération territoriale s’accompagne donc nécessairement d’un triple compromis épistémologique : entre les chercheurs et les acteurs, entre les chercheurs des différentes disciplines, entre les chercheurs des différentes nationalités. Cela implique une multitude de processus transactionnels, au sens de la sociologie de la transaction sociale, généralement implicites, à l'œuvre de façon permanente dans toutes les étapes du projet.
Cependant, la phase de problématisation est certainement un moment crucial pour ces dynamiques transactionnelles. En effet, la formulation d’un problème conditionne la phase de conceptualisation, qui elle-même mobilise des appareils théoriques et conceptuels préexistants en référence à une réalité dont elle  définit conventionnellement les contours. La problématique est donc le moment où doit s’opérer « naturellement » la conciliation des attentes des praticiens et des exigences du travail de recherche, comme la mise en cohérence interdisciplinaire et transnationale dans la construction de l’objet de recherche.
Il faut pour cela que la démarche globale soit fortement structurée et s’inscrive dans la durée. Il faut que l’équipe soit stable et disponible. Il faut que les interactions entre les chercheurs engagés dans le projet soient fréquentes et qu’elles ne se cantonnent pas à des communications numériques. Ces conditions ne sont probablement pas très faciles à réunir. Raison de plus pour souhaiter que les financements communautaires privilégient ces démarches exigeantes et fortement intégrées.

ABSRACT Cross-border areas come under irreducibly distinct institutional systems, since they are based on different national legitimacies. European integration, if it has ensured the free movement of goods and people and the disappearance of monetary borders, will not, in the foreseeable future, lead to the abolition of this legal demarcation. However, on all internal borders, the actors belonging to border areas are active, consult each other, and work out more or less ambitious projects to "erase the scars of history" or "to ensure the revenge of geography on history ", according to two expressions now consecrated. Whatever their specific technical content, the basic purpose of developing and implementing these joint approaches is to allow two juxtaposed border areas to transform into an integrated cross-border territory. This process necessarily involves the use of governance procedures, due to the lack of institutional capacity and adequate means of government.
However, this implementation of a governance approach takes place in a very specific context, marked with the seal of an interculturality which does not concern simply linguistic communication, but work habits, management procedures or very conception of public action.
Faced with these complex intercultural phenomena, new mechanisms for developing and implementing public decision-making are emerging. They include both a hard core of mechanisms common to all cross-border situations and specific forms of adaptation to the cultural specificities of each border, as revealed by the analysis of the concrete situation of two cross-border territories belonging to areas very different cultures: the Rhénan corridor between Alsace and Baden country; the Basque Eurocity Bayonne / San Sebastian.
These spaces, which derived from their border position as many advantages as disadvantages, are recomposing to assume their new position as advanced players and laboratory of the European construction. In this context, a key question arises acutely: to what extent, and under what conditions, are transnational identity and citizenship possible?

RESUME

Les espaces transfrontaliers relèvent de systèmes institutionnels irréductiblement distincts puisque fondés sur des légitimités nationales différentes. L’intégration européenne, si elle a permis d’assurer la libre circulation des biens et des personnes et la disparition des frontières monétaires, ne conduira pas, dans un horizon prévisible, à abolir cette césure juridique.
Pourtant, sur toutes les frontières intérieures, les acteurs appartenant aux espaces frontaliers s’activent, se concertent, élaborent ensemble des projets plus ou moins ambitieux pour « effacer les cicatrices de l’histoire » ou « assurer la revanche de la géographie sur l’histoire », selon deux expressions aujourd’hui consacrées. Quels que soient leurs contenus techniques particuliers, l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de ces démarches communes ont pour objet fondamental de permettre à deux espaces frontaliers juxtaposés de se transformer en un territoire transfrontalier intégré. Ce processus passe nécessairement par le recours à des procédures de gouvernance, faute de capacité institutionnelle et de moyens de gouvernement adéquats.
Or, cette mise en place d’une démarche de gouvernance se fait dans un contexte tout à fait  particulier, marqué du sceau d’une interculturalité qui ne concerne pas simplement la communication linguistique, mais les habitudes de travail, les procédures de management ou la conception même de l’action publique.
Face à ces phénomènes interculturels complexes, des dispositifs nouveaux d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre de la décision publique émergent. Ils comportent à la fois un noyau dur de mécanismes communs à l’ensemble des situations transfrontalières et des formes particulières d’adaptation aux spécificités culturelles de chaque frontière, comme le révèle l’analyse de la situation concrète de deux territoires transfrontaliers appartenant à des aires culturelles très différentes : le couloir Rhénan entre Alsace et Pays de Bade ; l’Eurocité basque Bayonne/Saint-Sébastien.
Ces espaces, qui tiraient de leur position frontalière autant d’avantages que d’inconvénients, se recomposent pour assumer leur nouvelle situation d’acteurs avancés et de laboratoire de la construction européenne. Dans ce cadre, une question clé se pose avec acuité : dans quelle mesure, et à quelles conditions, une identité et une citoyenneté transnationales sont-elles possibles ?

This article interrogates the state-centric notion of border and security in Kashmir and examines the non-state, and non-central government, actors in the borderland evolution. It analyses the border-related peace initiatives and examines the following questions: Are the initiatives purely state centric? Are the non-central government actors totally absent in the bordering practice in the Kashmir borderland? Is the secondary foreign policy as a tool for cross-border cooperation apparent in the region under scrutiny? Secondary foreign policy, a concept which has become recently vogue in border discourse in Europe, emphasizes on non-federal actors, particularly at a local level, and their role in shaping relations in border regions. Drawing on the literature on borders and qualitative field research, the article examines whether the recent border evolution in Kashmir has witnessed activism at two planes: grass-roots non-state actors and non-central government.

This paper discusses inheritance after migration on both sides of the Bulgarian-Turkish border. A specific approach to the (re-)settled people and moving objects, inheritance and patrimonialisation of the movement, instrumentalized by the (state) border, is applied in a comparative way to two specific groups: the Bulgarians from Aegean Thrace, or the so called “Thracian Bulgarians” resettled after the Balkan wars, and the Turks who were born in Bulgaria and resettled in Turkey during the several migration waves in the twentieth century in two localities – Tsarevo, Bulgaria and Edirne, Turkey. In this study, heritage is thought of as inheritance from an activist position, as ritualised and everyday life practices, as re-actualisation of meanings, network of heirs and circulating objects – values, symbols, knowledge and memory. The paper analyses practices of crossing the border of heirs as: as tourists, as explorers of their origins, as neighbours inhabiting border territories. Nowadays, on an institutional level, they are engaged in developing projects that aim at transborder collaboration and in exhibiting cultural heritage with a focus on the levels of cultural diversity in the places close to the border.

Key words: mobility, inheritance, heirs, cultural capital, border

Violence linked to organized crime became a constant in several cities in Mexico, mainly in those adjacent to the United States. In this context, the relationship between the border social structure of the border and its inhabitants changed, particularly with regard to the power groups holding power in the state of Baja California. In this article, I present two aspects of the mobility of entrepreneurs: a) the process in which violence settled into the border region of Tijuana and b) show the differentiated practices of mobility that allowed them to move awaydistance themselves from crime without leaving the Tijuana-San Diego border region. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork with business groups, I emphasize that in the framework of criminality, the border showed its polysemic character. By way of conclusion I affirm that with the expression of violence, lived or represented, border elites were socially and spatially reconfigured.

"Link: http://periodicos.uniso.br/ojs/index.php?journal=reu&page=article&op=download&path%5B%5D=805&path%5B%5D=819
The U.S.-Mexico border is a site of extensive militarization in both countries, although the direct intervention of the military and military-like police agencies is greater in Mexico than in the United States.  The widespread, sloppy use of militarization concerning this region requires initial careful definitional comments.  Then, militarization on the Mexican side of the border is examined, in particular the extreme intervention of the military since the 2006 Calderón presidency.  The human rights consequences of this intervention are reviewed, as well as the involvement of the United States in Plan Mérida.  U.S. militarization of the border is also considered, especially intensive surveillance and intelligence analysis in the framework of national security.  The article closes by asking whether militarization serves social control, and if so, how coherent and cohesive it is.  The key argument is that militarization is not an omniscient, omnipotent control strategy, but rather a repetitive and somewhat clumsy template used by U.S. political elites (and relatedly, Mexican elites) to address dynamic and disruptive challenges in Latin America and related regions of the United States."

ABSTRACT The anthropological notion of Culture is founded on the presupposition of a radical difference between self and other, here and there, Eurocenter and Third World. This conceptual foundation has increasingly been under chal-lenge, as the Eurocenter is being forcibly ...

Myth-making has historically been an essential component of the modern state's quest for territorial control and legitimacy. As a sui generis post-national political entity in search for identity and recognition, the European Union (EU) seems to mimicking its more established national counterpart. By formulating and reproducing a narrative that hails Europe's border control regime (‘Schengen’) as a success story of European integration and by deploying evocative imagery at Europe's common borders, the EU is in fact trying to establish itself as an integral part of the European political landscape. This article argues that what we are witnessing today in Europe is indeed the emergence of the ‘myth of Schengen’; however, the regime's mythopoiesis goes beyond the EU's official narrative and symbolic representations. To capture the full range of actors, locations and activities involved in the establishment and reproduction of this post-national myth, it is necessary to shift the attention to the performative dimension of this process. To support this argument, the article relies on the insights of anthropological and sociological works that have emphasised the role of rituality and performativity in constituting social structures and identities. These insights are then applied to examine the rituals and performances characterising four cases of ‘unofficial’ Schengen myth-making beyond Europe: a hotel in Beijing, street kids in Kinshasa, a British music band, and a group of Eastern European artists.

On b.a.n.g. lab's provocative technologies and performances, achieved through an engagement with geographic and political spaces. The Transborder Immigrant Tool (TBT) is a project created by the University of California at San Diego’s Electronic Disturbance Theater (EDT) 2.0/b.a.n.g. lab, and still evolving today. Here Ricardo Dominguez, co-founder of EDT (with Brett Stalbaum), Principal Investigator of b.a.n.g. lab, and Associate Professor in the Visual Arts Department at UCSD, discusses the project with Lawrence Bird. The interview includes input from other members of the collective: Brett Stalbaum, Micha Cardenas, Amy Sara Carroll and Elle Mehrmand.

Resumen: Este estudio se propone establecer una lectura crítica de algunas de las teorías conocidas como estudios culturales. En primer lugar, se discute su carácter hegemónico en el contexto académico actual de América Latina y, paso seguido, se polemiza en torno a su rechazo de la crítica literaria y su tradicional énfasis en el valor estético. La argumentación está dirigida a una resemantización de la historia de la literatura, el papel de la estética y la recuperación de la tradición de los estudios literarios en el continente, junto con lecturas comparativas de conceptos de los estudios de la subalternidad, el postmarxismo, el psicoanálisis y la crítica y teorías literarias latinoamericanas.

Abstract: This study proposes to establish a critical reading of some of the theories known as cultural studies. In the first place, it argues their hegemonic character in the current academic context of Latin America and, next, it polemicizes about their rejection of the literary criticism and their traditional emphasis in the aesthetic value. The argumentation is headed to a resemantization of the history of the literature, the paper of the aesthetics and the recovery of the tradition of the literary studies in the continent, along with comparative readings concepts such as subaltern studies, post-Marxism, the psychoanalysis and criticism and literary Latin American theories.

L’Ancienne Confederation suisse, par son polycentrisme politique marque et ses multiples situations de frontiere, constitue un laboratoire privilegie pour l’etude de la transmission de reseaux et de pouvoirs. La thematique est abordee en analysant les rapports entre les elites des cantons souverains et les elites sujettes des bailliages de Lugano et Mendrisio a l’epoque moderne. Les notables de ces deux prefectures arrivent a se profiler comme de veritables partenaires aux yeux du souverain par le biais de dons, de la parente spirituelle, de mariages, de contacts noues lors des sejours d’etude et grâce a l’acquisition de titres divers. Ils assurent ainsi stabilite et continuite au gouvernement des bailliages. Actifs aussi bien au sud qu’au nord des Alpes, les membres de cette elite sont conscients du fait que la cle de leur succes est d’etre quelqu’un partout.

This study tests the extent of speakers ’ linguistic accommodation to members of putative in-groups and out-groups in a border locality where such categorizations can be said to be particularly accentuated. Variation in the speech of informants in dialect contact interactions with separate interviewers is analyzed for evidence of speech accommodation in the form of phonological convergence or divergence. The data do not support a straightforward interpretation of accommodation, and findings are considered in terms of evidence required for such an account. Implications for the notion of salience in explanations of contact-induced language change are also considered, as is the significance of the “interviewer effect ” in the compilation of data sets for use in quantitative studies of phonological variation and change.

Dewasa ini evidence-based design dalam proses perancangan rumah sakit semakin dibutuhkan dalam pengambilan keputusan perancangan. Proses ini memberikan kesempatan bagi arsitek untuk dapat menemukan solusi baru dalam mengantisipasi berbagai permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan aspek-aspek arsitektur. Salah satu permasalahan yang ada pada kelompok bangunan bertipologi rumah sakit adalah adanya kebutuhan untuk mengakomodasi perubahan. Perubahan yang dimaksud dalam hal ini adalah perubahan akan konfigrasi arsitektur bangunan tersebut. Adanya perubahan menuntut rancangan arsitektur yang fleksibel dan adaptif. Perubahan memberikan kesempatan untuk semakin berkembang dan lebih baik namun juga memberikan peluang bagi permasalahan. Dalam ini permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah adanya kecenderungan perubahan tata ruang baik dikarenakan kapasitas maupun fungsinya. Penelitian terkait bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk perubahan sebagai langkah awal tahapan perancangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah s...

This article aims to contribute to the
visibility of unknown actors of regional
history in northern Chile, by analyzing
documentary sources literal and logical
approach, they are presented the functions
accomplished by the visitors of schools as
agents of educational planned action from
the State and as a mechanism of political
and social control, during the period of
military integration in the area of Arica
(1880) and its annexation to the Chilean
sovereignty (1929), all this marked by a
process of national historiography known
as “ Chilenización”.

Organised in the spring of 1993 on the border between France and Spain, the Pyrenees Adventure Games (les Jeux Pyrénéens de l’Aventure or los Juegos Pirenaicos de la Aventura), brought together more than 1,000 athletes from 26 countries and were attended by 21,000 visitors. An alternative Olympics of adventure and outdoor sports patronised by the IOC, the events took place in the Aure Valley in France (Hautes-Pyrénées) and in the Sobrarbe in Spain (Huesca province). This article analyses the governance of this international sports competition. More specifically, this case study will enable us to find out more about the conditions of organisation of a cross-border project in the early 1990s. What were the various political, social and cultural exchanges between the valleys in terms of sports and tourism in the Pyrenees? The results show that the French organisation and the Spanish organisation functioned side by side instead of working together on the field. This division in working enabled them to bypass the language problem. The cross-border dimension of these adventure Olympics in 1993 stemmed from pressure from the French regional planning agency, DATAR right from the beginning of the project, i.e. in October 1989, to be exact. This dimension made the 1993 Pyrenees Adventure Games a testimony to the new political Europe that was being built after 1989. This period was marked by the proactiveness of institutions, which far exceeded the motivations of the populations of the Union.

After the Asian Economic Crisis in 1997 and the fall of president Suharto’s authoritarian regime in 1998, rural and urban Indonesia experienced a surge in vigilante killings and the rise of non-state forms of authorities working within the twilight of legality and illegality, catering the role of the state. Institutional uncertainty, large-scale decentralisation reforms and the deterioration of formal legal authority in post New Order Indonesia tempted these processes. This apparent lawlessness became especially evident along the fringes of the Indonesian state where state authority has continuously been waxing and waning and contested. This paper argues that by observing these processes of ‘lawlessness’ and vigilantism from the borderlands provides us with an exceptional window in understanding the ambiguous relationship between law and order in post-New Order Indonesia.

This chapter aims to explore the role that anti-trafficking initiatives have played in attempts by the Indonesian state to reclaim authority along its territorial borders. Drawing on data collected between 2002-2007 through personal interviews, government reports and newspaper clippings, it documents how increased criminalization and the prevention of unauthorized flows of cross-border labour migrants have come to the foreground of national rhetoric concerning border development, territorial sovereignty and security. The chapter argues that the anti-trafficking discourse has had unintended negative consequences along a border where the mundane practices of undocumented labour migration are often not distinguished from the more exploitative practices of human trafficking.

Este trabajo corresponde a los resultados de una encuesta aplicada en el paso fronterizo de Chacalluta, ubicado en el límite norte de Chile con Perú. A partir de esta información, datos de la Policía de Investigaciones y fuentes secundarias postulamos que, a pesar del carácter separador de la frontera chileno-peruana, las prácticas socio-espaciales fronterizas de chilenos y peruanos que cruzan y habitan la frontera entre Tacna y Arica producen un “territorio circulatorio” que da lugar a una continuidad transfronteriza a nivel territorial. A partir de los resultados de la encuesta se presentará el perfil de los cruzadores, los motivos, los tipos y formas de cruce, así como la descripción de las movilidades y prácticas socio-espaciales productivas y reproductivas encontradas, con el fin de visualizar el surgimiento del territorio circulatorio producto de las diversidad de movilidades.This article presents the results of a survey conducted at the Chacalluta border crossing on Chile&#39...

A partir d’enquetes de terrains realisees depuis 2010 aupres de populations vivant dans la zone frontaliere de Talamanca au Costa Rica, et plus particulierement aupres de femmes indigenes Bribri, nous analysons les constructions des identifications bribri, c’est-a-dire la relation entre le role de la femme, de l’agricultrice et le territoire (bribri, frontalier, national). Anthropologie et geographie politique permettent ici de comprendre les rapports de pouvoirs et les processus de patrimonialisation qui se mettent en place dans une region ou les acteurs ont des representations territoriales et des interets commerciaux et politiques divers.Plus particulierement, il s’agit de s’interesser aux logiques de resistance des organisations de femmes productrices de cacao biologique pour s’opposer a l’expansion des monocultures de bananes. Comment ces organisations resistent et articulent un discours autour de l’importance de proteger la culture traditionnelle de cacao et la protection de l’environnement (PILA) ?

Ante la complejidad de la globalización, la historia de los fenómenos fronterizos permite entender las fases y los mecanismos que desarticularon el paradigma del Estado-nación para conformar el de mundialización. En este ensayo se analiza, desde la perspectiva de la historia, la concepción cultural, social y económica de la frontera. Primeramente, se hace una revisión de los principales conceptos y autores considerados indispensables para abordar la problemática fronteriza. Posteriormente, y en lo que se considera la mayor aportación de este documento, se propone una revisión del pasado subcaliforniano a partir de los conceptos constitutivos del nuevo paradigma de frontera.

This paper investigates how an administrative border affects the identity making of peopleliving in the border region of Rundu, situated in northern Namibia adjacent to Angola. Thepurpose of the study is to investigate how ethnic and national identity is dependent on thespace it is fostered in. The focus has been on the state boundary from a micro level; to seehow the Namibians living in the area perceive their ethnic belonging and how they look uponthe border, hence taking an interest in the narratives of the people. It applies Social IdentityTheory in order to investigate the process of identity making, both in regard of a nationalidentity and ethnic identity, which goes well in hand with the angle of borders having a binarydistinction e.g. here and there, inclusion and exclusion. Thus, the study draws on theoriesfrom both cultural geography, social anthropology and social psychology. The result of thestudy indicate that people in Kavango have a national identity which is superior to their ethnicidentity, but it is fragile and they easily turn to their ethnic identity. The result also shows thatthe people have accepted and emphasise the differences between Namibia and Angola, whichwas first imposed as a strategic act from the colonials, and this indicates that the border actsas both an institution and a process