Cadastre

Die Katastralunterlagen sind in diesem Aufsatz anhand des Bestandes S 79 des Ungarischen Nationalarchivs studiert. Dieser Bestand enthält Katastralschrifte meisten aus der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts über das heutige Ungarn, die im Jahre 1951 an das Archiv abgegeben wurden. Aber nicht über jede Siedlung sind Quellen vorhanden, und verschiedene Unterlagen stehen über einzelne Gemeinden zur Verfügung. Die häufigste Unterlagen wurden dargelegt: die Grenzbeschreibung, die Beschreibung der Riede, das Grundstücksverzeichnis (früher Parzellenprotokoll), das Flächenberechnungsprotokoll, das Eigentümerverzeichnis, das Häuserverzeichnis, das Ortsnamenverzeichnis, der Auszug der Wohnhäuser der Bodenbenützungsausweis, die Besitzveränderungsliste, die Steuergegenstandveränderungsliste und die Feldskizze. Die Katastralvermessung dauerte einige Jahrzehnte, dazwischen begann im Jahre 1875 die Evidenzhaltung, um die Änderungen in der Person des Besitzers, im Umfang und in der Kulturgattung der Steuerobjekte zu erfassen. Die in verschiedenen Zeitpunkte und in verschiedenen Orte entstandenen Dokumente unterscheiden etwas sich, zum Beispiel verschiedene Formulare wurden benutzt. Außerdem war die Terminologie nicht einheitlich, es gab viele Synonyme, die Bedeutungen der Begriffe veränderten sich. Deshalb ist es nützlich und erforderlich, die Dokumententype der Katastralarchivalien festzustellen, zu definieren. Damit kann man die Beschreibung der Dokumente erleichtern, und den Forschern helfen.

Στην εργασία γίνεται μία εκτενής και συστηματική αναφορά στα νομικά και τεχνικά προβλήματα που παρουσιάζονται κατά τη σύνταξη του Εθνικού Κτηματολογίου, στα προβλήματα που προκύπτουν από  τις ελλείψεις των τεχνικών προδιαγραφών και στην επιρροή συγκεκριμένων επιλογών στο κόστος σύνταξης. Στη συνέχεια προτείνονται διορθωτικές αλλαγές κατά περίπτωση με οικονομική επιρροή και αλλαγές στρατηγικής σημασίας. Τέλος δίδονται παραδείγματα εκ των προβλημάτων για την τεκμηρίωση των θέσεων.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη αντιμετωπίζονται ζητήματα που άπτονται της ευθύνης του Προϊσταμένου Κτηματολογικού Γραφείου κατά την άσκηση των καθηκόντων του. Ειδικότερο αντικείμενο της μελέτης αποτελεί η έρευνα της τυχόν στοιχειοθέτησης ευθύνης λόγω επανειλημμένης άρνησης καταχώρισης δικαστικών αποφάσεων, που επιλύουν τα ίδια (ή παρόμοια) νομικά ζητήματα.

Bitland Global is an organization that digitizes land titles. The larger goal is to have all the transactions recorded onto a distributed ledger using block-chain technology.  The company is a non-profit organization that is working to keep the land registration process accessible, transparent, and free from government corruption.  Bitland is located in Kumasi, Ghana, and is looking to expand operations into other countries in the African continent within the next few years. 
As the company works to update paper data storage houses into digital format, it must also consolidate new land registry requests against the old registries.  In many cases, the official documents are outdated, and the locals have their own systems for keeping track of titles.  In order to get a single registry that represents a consistent ledger of land title holdings, all of these problems must be solved, and in the process the integrity of the central registry must be kept.  The Bitland team serves as the liaisons between the people needing to register land titles, and the officials that currently hold the access to the physical databases.

Although a few recent publications in France have revived interest in the history of local map-making in the modern period, the subject does not appear to have been a major concern of historians or geographers. The very critical reception of the work by Meitzen at the end of the 19th century by French historians is part of the explanation for this lack of interest. It was not until the work by Marc Bloch, one of the main historians of the first half of the 20th century, that a survey of European estate maps was launched at the end of the 1920s. Bloch's enterprise, using a regressive method, consisted in starting from the estate maps of the 17th and 18th centuries so as to reconstruct medieval spatial layouts. Subsequently, it was not until the 1960s that Albert Soboul's work on the "burning of the estate maps" revived the issue briefly, less for itself than for its connections with the "feudal reaction", that is to say the quest for former land rights which led to a regidification of the feudal system in the run-up to the French Revolution. The recent interest in the question has several explanations. First of all, there is the work by David Buisseret in the USA, with his attempts from the 1990s to draw up an overview of estate maps. Secondly there are the analyses seeking to articulate art history and landscape history in research on defining the place of artists in the map-making of the 17th and 18th centuries. Finally, again in connection with these issues of landscape, there is the research based on estate maps and aiming to reconstruct the landscapes contemporary to the creation of these maps.
The questions raised here are not approached in complete reverse, but the aim is to start by focusing on the slow diffusion of these maps, and then to concentrate on the methodologies developed in the 18th century, so as to explain the difficulties encountered when research starts from an 18th century estate map for the purpose of a present-day reconstruction of the spaces of the past.

Field Sketches, Indication Sketches and Cadastral Maps. The detailed, land parcel survey of Hungary began in 1856. Three kinds of maps at a scale of 1:2880 were produced: field sketches, indication sketches and cadastral maps. Field sketches were free-hand drawings of the area, drawn up in the field using the ’a la vue’ method, they included the name and the place of residence of the land owners. Original cadastral maps were produced with the plane-table method, with triangulation, and contained among others the lot numbers. Indication sketches were copied from the original cadastral maps, and showed the name and the place of residence of the land owners, in addition to the lot numbers.

Dans la longue histoire cadastrale du Languedoc, qui renaît probablement à la fin du XIIe siècle et se révèle aux historiens au début du XIIIe, les années 1520-1560 marquent un tournant décisif quant à la manière d’élaborer ces compoix. On recourt alors systématiquement à une mathématisation de l’espace arpenté, pour calculer le revenu cadastral de chaque contribuable, et l’ensemble de l’enquête de terrain devient définitivement publique. Mais la survenue des guerres de Religion marque un coup d’arrêt dans la production régionale de compoix, qui, ensuite, vers 1590, repart brusquement à la hausse. Les savoirs et les savoir-faire qui venaient d’être accumulés furent ainsi rarement mis en œuvre au cours de ces trente années creuses. Ont-ils survécu à cette génération perdue ou induit une rupture dans les méthodologies ensuite appliquées ? Isolée dans ce désert cadastral, l’étude de cas du compoix de Saint-Germain-de-Calberte de 1579 apporte, à elle seule, des éléments de réponse qui dépassent, de loin, la ligne bleue des serres cévenoles.

-Cet  article donne un aperçu général sur les systèmes et les types de cadastres existants à travers le monde et plus particulièrement sur le cadastre marocain.
-Il porte, également, sur les aspects du cadastre marocain qui nécessitent des améliorations pour consolider son  rôle de locomotive à la fois en matière de la sécurisation du droit à la propriété que de la production de données géographiques fiables permettant une gestion optimale du territoire marocain.

World-wide, much attention has been given to cadastral development. As a consequence of experi-ences made during the last decades, several authors have stated the need of research in the domain of cadastre and proposed methodologies to be used.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the acceptance of research methodologies needed for ca-dastral development, and thereby enhance theory in the cadastral domain. The paper reviews nine publica-tions on cadastre and identifies the methodologies used. The review focuses on the institutional, social, political and economic aspects of cadastral development, rather than on the technical aspects.
The main conclusion of this paper is that the methodologies used are largely those of the social sci-ences. That agrees with the notion that cadastre relates as much to people and institutions, as it relates to land, and that cadastral systems are shaped by social, political and economic conditions, as by technology. Since the geodetic survey profession has been the keeper of the cadastre, geodetic surveyors will have to deal ever more with social science matters, a fact that universities will have to consider.

Questo articolo presenta cinque diversi fondi e raccolte di catasti veneziani e documentazioni relative alla produzione catastale, che sono conservati nell’Archivio di Stato di Zara. Vengono descritte le circostanze in cui furono creati dal XV al XVIII secolo. I catasti furono realizzati parallelamente all’espansione dei possedimenti veneziani in Dalmazia (Acquisto Vecchio, Acquisto nuovo (Linea Grimani) e Acquisto nuvissimo (Linea Mocenigo)). Contengono molte informazioni preziose sugli abitanti della Dalmazia di allora, sulle proprietà che coltivavano e sui luoghi in cui vivevano. In quanto tali, rappresentano un potenziale scientifico e culturale eccezionale. Nell’articolo vengono inoltre presentati e analizzati i dati sull’uso del materiale catastale nella sala di lettura dell’archivio, nonché il lavoro dell’Archivio nel campo della pubblicazione catastale e nel campo delle attività espositive.

С 2017 года в процессе Государственной кадастровой оценки произошли значительные изменения. Основанием для них стало принятия в прошлом июле Федерального закона № 237-ФЗ «О государственной када-
стровой оценке». Этот закон стал специальным правовым актом, детально регулирует процедуру оценки, начиная от подготовки к ее проведению и до внесения результатов определения кадастровой оценки в Единый
государственный реестр недвижимости.
Кроме главных нововведений – образования государственных бюджетных учреждений, фактическом выведении кадастровой оценки в отдельный вид, удлинении сроков проведения ГКО – отдельного внимания заслуживает возвращение в законодательное поле понятия «оценочное зонирование».

This contribution offers a new reading of the ancient landscape of the periphery of Lepcis Magna thanks mainly to the data from the survey campaigns carried out by the Archaeological Mission of Roma Tre University (2007– 13) together with new archival research and GIS analysis. The new data are related to the road network of the Lepcitanian territory and its inner suburban areas. They include both the already known routes (essentially the coastal via publica and the via in mediterraneum) and new roads here presented merging the new information with the already published archaeological evidence. Beside the road network, a new topographic reading of the southeast suburb shows also traces of an ancient land partition based on Roman measurements. This latter discovery would represent, up to now, the first evidence of a cadastrian land partition in Tripolitania.

Проведено аналіз значної кількості публікацій по актуальній темі. Наведені формули для розрахунку точності, запропоновані різними авторами. Формули авторів цієї статті, на їх думку, мають перевагу: в основу оцінки площі покладені довжини сторін ділянки та похибки межових знаків. При цьому похибками сторін можна знехтувати.

ONCE AGAIN, THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING THE AREAS OF LAND

The analysis of a large number of publications on topical subject. The formulas for the calculation of accuracy suggested by various authors. Formula of this author, in their view, have an advantage: the basis for assessing the areas laid lengths of the plot and the error of landmarks. The error of the parties may be disregarded.

Tanah memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupan karena manusia berasal dari tanah dan akan kembali ke tanah pula. Syarat berdirinya suatu negara yang berdaulat adalah memiliki wilayah, yang lebih sering dibaca sebagai tanah. Tanah memiliki nilai yang sangat berarti bagi manusia sehingga dalam beberapa wilayah di republik dan di belahan dunia lain, kepemilikan atas tanah mencerminkan status sosial seseorang. Bahkan perebutan tanah sudah menjadi salah satu sumber konflik yang abadi.
Daftar publik yang berkaitan dengan kadaster dapat berwujud form atau daftar isian, daftar tabel, dan bahkan peta. Daftar publik berarti dapat diketahui oleh publik yang berkepentingan sesuai dengan kompetensinya. Semua daftar tersebut dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara orang (pribadi ataupun badan hukum) dengan tanah yang dimilikinya. Siapa memiliki apa, letaknya dimana dan apa jenis kepemilikannya.
Mengingat pentingnya tanah bagi kehidupan manusia, kelompok manusia bahkan bagi bangsa Indonesia, maka Pemerintah menyelenggarakan pendaftaran tanah di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Kegiatan pendaftaran tanah meliputi pengukuran, perpetaan dan pembukuan tanah; pendaftaran hak-hak tanah atas tanahdan peralihan hak-hak tersebut; serta pemberian surat-surat tanda bukti hak yang berlaku sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat. Penyelenggaraan Pendaftaran Tanah bertujuan untuk:
• memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang haksuatu bidang tanah, satuan rumah susun dan dan hak-hak lain yang terdaftar
• menyediakan informasi mengenai perbuatan hukum atas bidang tanah kepada pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan, serta
mewujudkan tertib adminisrasi pertanahan

This project focuses on optimizing the structure of the conceptual database model of the Municipalidad Provincial del Callao (Peru). We propose a conceptual model oriented to the management of the data according to their nature within a cadastral context. After analyzing the existing regulations in the Peruvian framework on the cadastral theme, in relation to data management, and after knowing the physical model of the cadastral database implemented in the provincial municipality of Callao, we propose a different version of the conceptual scheme Database for the cadaster of urban properties. This work, "Towards an optimized conceptual model of the cadaster of the provincial municipality of Callao", seeks to contribute to the entity's vision of having a multi-purpose cadaster based on reliable data. This provides a tool that will help create systems that provide interoperable data. For this, a tool is provided that will assist in the creation of systems that provide interoperable data. The tool that is provided is a conceptual model for the cadaster database developed in UML, oriented to the management of data of the cadaster and making use of the terminology contemplated in the Peruvian scope. In addition, for a greater acceptance of the model, it should be mentioned that the level 1 conformity test has been passed and, in some classes, level 2 of ISO standard 19152: 2012. And it has an adaptation of the requirements and elements of quality measures described in the specifications of the subject of cadastral parcels of the INSPIRE directive. This proposal seeks to promote the evolution of the cadaster in technical aspects that favor the interoperability of reference data in this and other cadaster-generating Peruvian entities.

Saat  ini  Sistem  Informasi  Pertanahan  (SIP)  berkembang  pesat,  baik  di  tingkat  pemerintah
persemakmuran, negara bagian dan local di Australia. Sebab, tantangan untuk dekade kedepan sangat
komplek yaitu integrasi data sumber daya, lingkungan dan social-ekonomi ke dalam sistem berbasis
persil (kadaster). Sehingga perlu Model SIP yang ditinjau dari administrasi SIP di Australia.

Məqalədə elektron kadastr məlumat bazasının (EKMB) yaradılmasında yüksək ayırdetməli məsafədən zondlama verilənlərinin tətbiqi imkanları araşdırılmış, məkan verilənləri üzərində topoloji xətalar təsnif edilmiş və onlar arasında korrelyasiya əlaqələri müəyyənləşdirilmişdir. Bundan başqa, daşınmaz əmlak bazarında aktiv sahələrin təyini metodu işlənilmiş, müxtəlif interpolyasiya üsulları əsasında dinamika modellərinin müqayisəli analizi aparılmışdır.

The necessity for Land and Urban Management is growing due to the Urban areas sustainable development evolution. The development of Land Information Systems focused on City Planning can nowadays fulfill these needs, paying special attention to organizing, administrative and financial matters, as well as to proper “Urban Managers” education.
Developing such a system:
- decision making on operational, management and policy issues can be achieved in all administration levels (municipalities, prefectures, state).
- the importance of the Hellenic Cadastre is substantiated, as a dependable registration, utilization and protection implement of municipal and public property.
- the new role assigned to the municipalities through their jurisdictions augmentation and computerization is projected.
- many activities including taxation, trespassing location, urban environment attendance or intervenence in order to adopt necessary measures etc. are carried out.
The developed Urban Information System (U.I.S.), has been applied to an Urban area and was based on existing Cadastral data. Processing the project, Real Estate use and value issues in the Urban environment were analyzed, as well as developmental factors and Land Management and Real Estate Development matters. Also, operations research, management, psychology and civil planning knowledge and methods were used.
U.I.S. contains geographical information categorized into thematic areas. Descriptive information and multimedia data (text, image, and video) were added to the system’s database, which was associated to other tables. The thematic categories include: legislated and existing land-use, legislated building factors, positions of demolitions, additions, new buildings, unauthorized constructions, dangerous or preserved buildings, oldness and number of floors, as well as taxable Real Estate values valid today.
This project was built on the digital Cadastre system of the municipality of Kallithea (Attica Prefecture), within an area of 1,2 Km2. The data required was collected from various relevant public services, local notaries and on-site visits.
The G.I.S. software used to develop the system is ESRI’s ArcInfo and ArcView, chosen for compatibility to the Cadastral data provided, as well as DBMS Microsoft Access.
A modern Cadastral system is characterized as a primary management and development tool, contributing to orthological decision making, serving simultaneously the operation, management and policy levels. All the above, justify the internationally accepted standing that the Cadastre is a “repaying investment” where the expected profit (not only in financial terms) equals many times the development expenses. U.I.S. could very much contribute to this developmental perspective, making the best use of the existing Cadastral data, providing constant updating and expanding of the included elements.

Culmina a realização de um estágio com vista à obtenção do grau de mestre em Geografia Física, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. O seu conteúdo tem por base o trabalho realizado num estágio com a duração de quatro meses na Estrutura Desconcentrada da Delegação Regional do Centro (EDC) do Instituto Geográfico Português, em Coimbra.

No relatório, estuda-se a relação existente entre os sistemas de informação geográfica e o cadastro geométrico da propriedade rústica (CGPR), tentando sempre coompreender as principais funções e competências de tratamento e controle do CGPR que cabem ao IGP e à EDC e de que maneira afectam a evolução/modificação do cadastro geométrico da propriedade rústica.
Recorrendo à análise das características próprias do CGPR e à sua distribuição nos concelhos, exploram-se as potencialidades da informação ao nível do ordenamento do território, através do desenvolvimento e estudo de uma tipologia de análise que se baseia nestas características.

The project΄s main idea is the evaluation of Greek's National Cadastral data, with the creativity of a uniform Land Information System, which partially or totally will be used by the Municipalities and the Prefectures, with a view to becoming more effective and efficient in their legal and claimed jurisdictions.
The composed National Cadastral of Greece has to be used as a tool of development in each case that its information can be used to produce a result. If the developmental character of the Cadastral can be accepted and be easily understood by the four levels of Greek Administration (State, District, Prefecture, Municipality), then greater efficiency, modernization and rational decision of allocated procedures in the administration operation could be achieved. Then totally one can expect the rational exercise of the administration, in each of the three basic sectors: Operation, Management and Policy.
The first and second level of administration (Municipalities-Communities and Prefectures) have legal and claimed responsibilities, a part of which is related to problems with geographic reference The basic rule in planning a Land Information System for the first and second level of administration (Municipalities), a Municipality and Prefecture Information System (M.P.I.S.), is that it has to ensure the hierarchical evaluation of the elements and the information. The use of high technology digital spatial systems can give the expected, so that in both levels of administration, the problems could be solved effectively, in a short period and with a low cost.
The main target of the M.P.I.S. is to face in the best way the problems of the two administration levels. The M.P.I.S. is a system of open architecture, so that it should be able to expand and include new data. The development of the M.P.I.S. is based on the data of the National Cadastral of Greece and uses the abilities of hi-tech geographic systems. This would have as a result the development of a template M.P.I.S. which will be used in a uniformed and obligated way by the Municipalities and the Prefectures, so that the problems they face could be solved through procedures of specification.

Adjudication is the official determination of rights in land. Adjudication is the first stage in the registration of title to land in area where the ownership of land is not officially known. It does not alter the existing rights or create new ones. It merely establishes what rights exist, by whom they are practiced and to what limitations if any they are subject to. A proper land registration system is a must for a proper adjudication procedure to exist. Land registration is primarily a process that records the rights to land and real estate and thereby provides the security of title that is needed if reform and development are to take place on a visible scale. Appropriate legislations, institutions, financial and human resources for its implementation and maintenance are compulsory. In 1998, the government of Sri Lanka introduced a title registration system in response to numerous problems faced by deed registration systems. But the land titling program has not yet achieved the expected progress even if titles are issued free of charge. This study relates schemes in enhancing efficiency of Land Adjudication process in Sri Lanka under the process of title registration as to overcome the current latency and draw backs. Four government departments are involved in the process and the land settlement department is responsible for the adjudication process in substance. The process of land settlement department is broadly examined. The inadequateness of the Act to achieve its purposes is broadly discussed in this study hence it’s directly related to the adjudication process. The act does not prescribe a basic framework for the adjudication process, to ensure that it is fair transparent and consistent. Findings show that the landowner has to submit claim forms claiming that a particular land parcel belongs to him or her as an initial step of adjudication. Without the submission of that claim form the registration process cannot proceed further. One of the main operational problems is that all landowners do not submit the claim forms. Adjudication officers’ role is inquired extensively while making suggestions for its drawbacks. This study furthermore conceives best practices of land adjudication in comparison with other countries focused on legislations, acts and jurisdictions of relevant officers. Ultimately it is found that the present adjudication procedure needs severe alterations as to make the Bim Saviya program efficient and empower relevant officers’ role legally. However the existing system cannot make a significant difference unless the legislations and regulations are changed. Solutions are discussed furthermore.

Zona Nilai Tanah (ZNT) merupakan  area yang menggambarkan  nilai tanah yang relatif sama. Bersamaan dengan terbitnya undang undang No.28 Tahun 2009 aturan mengenai penarikan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB), Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB) serta Pajak Penghasilan PPh atas tanah dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Maka dari itu perlu dianalisis penilaian tanah untuk membentuk  peta  ZNT yang dapat  digunakan  sebagai  acuan  penarikan  pajak  daerah  sehingga  dapat meningkatkan PAD (Pendapatan Asli Daerah).
Berdasarkan  Perda  Kota  Surakarta  No.  04  Tahun  2011  tentang  Pajak  Daerah  perlu diwujudkan informasi nilai tanah, properti, ekonomi, kawasan, serta total aset pertanahan sebagai rujukan nasional untuk mewujudkan fungsi tanah bagi sebesar - besar kemakmuran. Salah satu perwujudannya adalah Peta ZNT (Zona Nilai Tanah).Zona Nilai Tanah (ZNT) merupakan  area yang menggambarkan nilai tanah yang relatif sama, sekumpulan bidang tanah di dalamnya yang batasannya bersifat imaginer ataupun nyata sesuai penggunaan tanah dan mempunyai perbedaan nilai antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya berdasarkan analisis perbandin gan harga pasar dan biaya.

This paper will discuss a smaller scale architectural element, the “casalino”,
which was quite present in notarial documentation and in the statutes of medieval cities. For a time indicated as “dwelling” or buildable urban space, this type appears
in numerous local variations both in relation to its physical and legal status
as well as with different formulas and denominations, recorded over a period
ranging from the Middle Ages until the early modern period. It is therefore indicated
as a built element in less documented contexts and takes on secondary meanings, distant from the original concept linked to an architectural or urban project.
Casalini, often found in acts or regulations issued by municipal or ecclesiastical
authorities, seem to be inalienable assets connected to important acts of urban foundation
or the planned and designed expansion of an existing settlement. Their mere
presence in a city or a street constitutes evidence of some urbanizing or populating
act. Their particular location, but also the conditions of the use of their perimeter
walls, leads to the study of the medieval dwelling form which was originally legally
separated from its building lot, and potentially temporary and removable. The meaning
of casalino is therefore close to that of units and cadastral particle.
Simple dwellings are precious and “monumental” elements insofar as they are indispensable
components in the construction of urban space. They are consequently
enriched with additional values that bear witness to their role in relation to the
periods of formation of streets and towns.

Il presente contributo intende occuparsi di un elemento architettonico di scala
minore, quale il casalino, discretamente presente nella documentazione notarile e
negli statuti delle città medievali. Da tempo indicato quale casa o spazio urbano
edificabile, compare però in numerose varianti locali sia in relazione al suo stato fisico
e giuridico, sia in formule e denominazioni differenti, registrate in un arco di
tempo che va dal pieno medioevo fino alla prima età moderna. viene perciò indicato
quale elemento edificato e in contesti meno documentati assume significati secondari,
lontani da un originario concetto legato al progetto di architettura e di città.
i casalini, spesso presenti in atti o norme emesse da enti comunali o ecclesiastici,
sembrano essere beni inalienabili e collegati ad importanti atti di fondazione
urbana o di ampliamento progettato e programmato di un insediamento esistente,
e la loro semplice presenza in una città o in una strada costituisce indizio di una
azione urbanistica o di un atto di popolamento. la loro collocazione particolare,
ma anche la condizione d’uso dei loro muri di confine, portano verso lo studio
della forma della casa medievale, in origine oggetto giuridicamente separato dal
lotto che la ospitava, potenzialmente temporaneo e amovibile. il significato di casalino
è quindi vicino a quello di unità particellare e catastale.
le semplici case, per noi elementi preziosi e “monumentali” in quanto tessere indispensabili
nella costruzione dello spazio dei centri storici, si arricchiscono quindi
di ulteriori valori che ne testimoniano il ruolo in relazione con le fasi di formazione
delle strade e delle città.

Botues/Publisher:
Geo-SEE Institute, Skopje, Macedonia
www.geo-see.org

Kryeredaktor/ Editor-in-chief:
Dr. Bashkim IDRIZI, State University of Tetova, Skopje, Macedonia

Zëvendës i Kryeredaktorit/ Associate editor:
Dr. Afërdita Laska-Merkoci, University of Tirana, Institute of energy water and environment, Tirana, Albania

Redaktor teknik / Technical editor:
Dr. Subija IZEIROSKI, Geo-SEE Institute, Struga, Macedonia

Këshilli redaktues/ Editorial board:
Dr. Temenoujka BANDROVA , University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Dr. Joep CROMPVOETS, Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Dr. Mahesh GAUR, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, India
Dr. Ferim GASHI, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova
Dr. Ismail KABASHI, Angst, Vienna, Austria
Dr. Milan KONECNY, Geography department, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Dr. Elena KOTEVSKA, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bitola, Macedonia.
Dr. Pal NIKOLLI, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Dr. Ljubka PASHOVA, National Institute of Geodesy, Geophysics and Geography, BAS, Sofija, Bulgaria
Dr. Gabor REMETEY-FULOPP, Hungarian Association for Geo-Information, Budapest, Hungary
Dr. Vladimir S. TIKUNOV, Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Rusia
Dr. E. Lynn USERY, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science, U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, USA

http://mmm-gi.blogspot.com/p/no3year-2013.html

Papers in English language:
1. Think global. Act local. Why participation in an international standards body makes a difference
Athina TRAKAS 1
2. Community and tourism in settlements near by the national park “Sharr Mountain”, study case: Dellovc village
Besim GOLLOPENI 13
3. The importance of knowledge management in contemporary management
Anita CUCOVIC and Osman CUCOVIC 26
4. Study on “Vulnerability of agriculture sector in Albania from climate change” powered by the institute of energy, water and environment
Aferdita LASKA MERKOCI, Bashkim IDRIZI and Mirela DVORANI 35
5. Planning of construction areas in the municipality of Klina
Ferim GASHI and Ibrahim RAMADANI 49
6. Application of GIS in water supply management network
Ymer KUKA, Perparim AMETI, Besim AJVAZI, and Saranda MURSELI 54
7. Anthropogenic tourist motives in Debar, Struga and Ohrid
Zija ZIMERI, Metush SULEJMANI  and  Arta ZIMERI 66
8. Challenges for the protection of agricultural land from settlement extension at the municipal level in Kosovo
Ibrahim RAMADANI, and Ferim GASHI 75


Punime në gjuhën shqipe:
9. Veçoritë hidrografike dhe hidrogjologjike të parkut kombëtar ,,Bjeshkët e Nemuna”
Hazir ÇADRAKU, Rizah MURSELI, and Shpend AGAJ 81
10. Zhvillimi i koncepteve mbi hartat dhe hartografinë
Pal NIKOLLI, Bashkim IDRIZI and Ismail KABASHI 102
                                                                                       


11. Roli i arsimit në gjeo shkenca për krijimin e shoqërisë së dijes si kusht për zhvillimin e mirëqenies shoqërore
Metush SULEJMANI and Zija ZIMERI 113
12. Krijimi i modelit dixhital të terrenit në Civil 3D në funksion të njehsimit të vëllimit për deponinë e Kelmendit
Edon MALIQI, Edmond HAJRIZI, Gani MALIQI, and Abdurrahman KULETA 123