Central Asian Societies

Title in Italian: "La letteratura tagica fra riforme e rivoluzioni (1870-1954). Con uno studio preliminare delle Ëddoštho [Memorie] di Sadriddin Ajnī e appendici bibliografiche"

The thesis focuses on the period of reforms and revolutions the Tajik intellectuals and men of letters experienced in the field of culture and literature from the second half of the 19th century, when Tsarist Russia penetrated in Turkestan, to the first Soviet decades (1870-1954).
In 1870, Ahmad Donish, one of the first reformers in the history of Modern Tajik literature, wrote the Risola dar nazmi tamaddun va taovun [Treatise on the organization and regulation of common decency], trying to persuade the emir of Bukhara of the need of reforms.
In 1954, Sadriddin Ayni, the author commonly regarded as the founder of Soviet Tajik literature, died of disease. His final major work, Yoddoshtho [Reminiscences; 1948-1954, uncompleted], to which a preliminary study is devoted to in this thesis, is a collection of lively short-stories where the author describes his childhood spent in two villages near Bukhara, his youth and schooldays in Bukhara city between 1882 and 1903, also depicting the social and economic situation of the Emirate with particular reference to the lowest social strata (petty farmers and craftsmen) living there.
The period under consideration in this thesis also marked the transition from the manuscript era to the periodical press age.
The reformers of the first two decades of the 20th century, the Jadids, turned newspapers and journals into an instrument of protest against the social, cultural, and spiritual degradation of the Bukhara Emirate. In the 1920s, magazines became a platform for the expression of a nascent Tajik nationalism, as in those years Tajikistan, rather than a Federal Republic of the Soviet Union, was an Autonomous Region within the Republic of Uzbekistan. Moreover, Soviet magazines became the first editorial space for the spreading of the Tajik realistic prose, since during the 1920s and the 1930s Tajik tales and novels were first published there in serial form, later in book form."

See society and culture through both provincial and worldwide perspectives as History of World Societies, Volume 1 widens your understanding of world history by making the past wake up. Audit: I purchased the book new and the spread is twisted alongside the sides of the pages. I additionally required a platform code that accompanies the new books yet this didn't accompany one so now I need to pay an extra $47.00 to get platform get to.

The border relationships between the five countries of Central Asia represent something of a paradox for foreign policy analysts and practitioners. On the one hand these borders are responsible for crippling conflicts between the five countries.  At the same time they connect and define the region.  This dynamic has the potential to thwart external attempts to impose strategic coherence on the region.  To arrive at a better understanding of Central Asia border relationships and their impact on regional economic and security initiatives, this chapter analyzes six cross border variables: foreign policy approaches, geography and historical background, ethnicity and identity issues, trade relationships, infrastructure challenges and threats to security. 

These six variables offer a useful perspective on the evolution of strategic relationships between the actors and how those relationships shape border relations.  The interplay between these variables also illustrates the extent to which Central Asia resists easy definition as a region.  What connects the region?  What divides it?  Is it a set of countries bound by common interests and shared geographical, historical and cultural narratives?  Or, as some experts have claimed, is Central Asia itself a meta-geographical construct, a product of arbitrary spatial division and taxonomic designation that reflects the interests of those doing the dividing and naming of the region?



Opening chapter of in the book "Central Asia in the Era of Sovereignty."

В статье проанализированы основные проблемы киргизстанской историографии советского и постсоветского периодов по теме восстания 1916 года. В круг использованных источников входят новые архивные документы, научные и публицистические публикации на русском и киргизском языках.

[From the introduction].
The Reb gong Vale  is a densely populated high-altitude agricultural oasis that runs north-to-south for approximately twenty kilometers through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, surrounded by barren pastoral hills that rise to rocky snow-capped peaks. The majority of the vale's residents self-identify as Tibetan, but this population contains considerable diversity along religious, sectarian, and linguistic lines. We explore how the linguistic diversity of the region might have been maintained despite communities sharing a common identity, being engaged in inter-communal ritual networks, sharing common trade and pilgrimage sites, and living in close proximity in the absence of geographical barriers. Given their contiguity and interconnectedness, what enabled certain communities to remain distinct from nearby populations? Under such circumstances, how did relatively small communities maintain distinct languages? What prevented them from being linguistically assimilated into the Tibetan population?

Дом и семья – два понятия, которые составляют основу любого общества. Поэтому строительство дома так часто сравнивают со строительством государства, а наличие полноценной семьи – с гармонией и благополучием в обществе. То, как эти два понятия отражаются в кинематографе – показатель уровня стабильности и развитости государства. В творчестве Серика Апрымова, начиная с «Конечной остановки» 1989 года, и заканчивая, на сегодняшний день последней картиной режиссера «Звонок отцу» 2017 года, как ни у кого другого в казахстанском кинематографе, мы видим отражение процесса нациостроительства через семью.

Applying quasigenetic markers – non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations – is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations , surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers – the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasige-netic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (r = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that Использование для изучения генофонда квазигенетических маркеров – признаков небиологической природы (фамилия, род), но четко наследующихся в поколениях, – одно из направ-лений в популяционной генетике человека. Если для популя-ций Западной Европы, европейской части России и Кавказа в роли квазигенетических маркеров выступают фамилии, то для популяций Центральной Азии эффективным квазигенети-ческим маркером является родовая принадлежность. В ряде исследований было показано, что для центральноазиатских популяций, в особенности казахов, во многих родах просле-живается происхождение большинства членов рода от обще-го биологического предка. В настоящей работе представлен анализ большого массива данных о 50 казахских родах у ~4.2 млн человек в начале XX века в сравнении с разнооб-ра зием Y-хромосомы в современных казахских популяциях. Анализ состоял из трех блоков: описание разнообразия ква-зигенетических маркеров стандартным методом изонимии; сравнение популяций по частотам квазигенетических марке-ров; сравнение квазигенетических и генетических данных. По-строено 50 карт частоты представленности каждого рода на территории Казахстана и ряда смежных территорий. Показано, что эти карты частот квазигенетических маркеров оказываются скоррелированы с картами генетических расстояний. О связи генетических и квазигенетических расстояний свидетельствует и тест Мантеля: обнаружена достоверная корреляция между матрицами географических и квазигенетических расстояний (r = 0.60; p < 0.05). Анализ межпопуляционной изменчивости выявляет наибольшее межгрупповое разнообразие между географическими территориями, соответствующими социаль-но-территориальным объединениям казахского хан ства – жузам, нежели другим историческим территориальным объ-единениям (феодальные государства, улусы, области), сущест-вовавшим на территории Казахстана в предшествующие и со-временную эпохи. С этими результатами согласуются графики главных компонент и многомерного шкалирования, на кото-рых географические популяции объединяются в три кластера, соответствующие социально-территориальным объединени-ям – трем жузам. Это указывает на то, что окончательное струк-турирование казахского генофонда могло произойти в эпоху существования казахского ханства.

The former Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan in the heart of Central Asia is home to the city of Osh, which is commonly discussed as an epicenter of radical Islamism and political instability, yet also fully globalized. Stefan Kirmse explores what this means for the everyday lives of the city’s young people. By focusing on the myriad ways in which young Muslims experience globalization, this book offers an alternative to the standard sensationalist accounts of post-Soviet Central Asia that discuss the region in terms of an “Islamic threat,” political instability, and inter-ethnic strife.

Economic growth and private sector development have been sluggish in China’s western regions, where ethnic minorities make up a sizeable part of the population. In the northwest Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the state maintains a steady presence in the small but growing urban private sector, largely populated by Han-owned firms and entrepreneurs. A small group of minority Uyghur entrepreneurs have positioned themselves in markets where they hold a cultural and linguistic advantage, particularly in trade with neighbouring Central Asia and the production of Muslim foods. However, clustering in similar industries and markets limits the growth of Uyghur businesses in the private sector where they have little presence. To understand how these new entrepreneurs adapt to this environment, and their move toward ‘modern’ business practices, this thesis analyses the characteristics of Uyghur entrepreneurs and their role as ‘agents of development’ in Xinjiang’s capital of Urumqi.

Since the institution of China’s national economic reforms, Uyghurs have progressively engaged in traditional merchant and ‘bazaar’ economic activities, generally outside the registered, firm-type private sector. In Urumqi, the majority of new Uyghur entrepreneurs are disadvantaged in operating firms by a lack of management experience, skilled employees and start-up capital, so that they primarily rely on resources within the Uyghur community for support. Entrepreneurs who seek to modernise their business and ‘break out’ of traditional Uyghur market niches tend to broaden their networks outside the Uyghur ethnic group. Social networks with larger Han firms and government officials allow better access to resources and financing for Uyghur entrepreneurs. In this way, the shift to ‘modern’ business practices entails cooperation and networking with the majority Han, rather than within the Uyghur community alone.

This thesis presents Urumqi’s Uyghur entrepreneurs, traditionally operating on the fringe of the private sector, as agents of social change through business modernisation and cooperation with Han. In Xinjiang, where economic development is often conflated with the state and increasing numbers of Han migrants, Uyghur entrepreneurs are engaging in the market and contributing to the development of Uyghur society as a whole. This thesis demonstrates how these new entrepreneurs integrate into the Han-dominated private sector and thus participate in development in Xinjiang.

The dichotomy between China’s claim to respect, protect and promote Tibetan culture in the education system and its actual practice of alienating Tibetans from their linguistic and cultural heritage and identity through a vigorous imposition of Chinese curricula under its Han-Chinese nationalist agenda has only resulted in a failure to achieve the kind of domination it seeks over the Tibetan people.

"Like all multi-lingual computing, Arabic computing is now firmly in the domain of Unicode. Unicode is an industrial protocol with the status of international agreement. It is designed to encode the elements of all known script systems in such a way that they become interchangeable between programs and operating systems. Its implementation is well underway.

Unicode eliminates the need to tamper with fonts to get special characters, but it is not a font. For legible text on screen and paper, Unicode depends on compatible fonts with the required characters, where necessary with additional dedicated font technology."

Учебник является первым в отечественной и зарубежной практике изучения истории современного Узбекистана. В нём, на основе изучения опыта академических и учебных изданий ряда ведущих зарубежных университетов и с привлечением широкого круга материалов, анализируются основные направления развития узбекского общества, особенности политических, экономических и социально-культурных трансформаций, международные отношения Республики Узбекистан в условиях глобализации мировой политики и экономики.

The Chinese provinces are a crazy patchwork quilt of languages and dialects, where the histories of migrations and cultural enclaves, the tides of influence from empire and commerce, the sperm trails that follow rivers and railway lines ... are recorded in a tangle of codes that no one has yet made a serious attempt to untangle. Note that these comments are obviously informal, not a part of systematic research. Chinese scholars themselves are now (2013) taking a much more thorough interest in dialects than was the case even in 2000.

Caspian Energy Politics analyses the role of oil and gas in the development of the three main petroleum exporters in the Caspian region – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan – and how energy resources influence interactions with Russia and China. Due to volatile commodity prices and competition for the resources in and around the Caspian Sea, the governments of these petroleum-exporters face a series of difficult decisions. These governments have sought to balance short-term incentives to spend oil revenues as a means to maintain power against the need for a long-term strategy for managing these assets, choices which have further implications for how these countries align themselves internationally. By illuminating important linkages between domestic and international dynamics in these states, the book provides a fresh perspective on energy politics and the impact of petroleum on the development of the Caspian petroleum producers. Expert contributors from Central Asia and the South Caucasus and international scholars provide context-specific insights into the incentives affecting decision-makers that can provide a foundation for strategies to help the countries in the region overcome the negative effects of reliance on oil and gas. As such, the book will be a valuable tool for business actors seeking to understand the role of Chinese and Russian companies in the region, as well as local and international policymakers and non-governmental organizations.

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

This is my HD thesis in Polish. Short version of this book in English was published under the title "Social Bonds in the Political Culture in Kyrgyzstan". This pdf file includes: table of contents and summary in English and Russian, additionally  also theoretical & methodological introduction, conclusions, and name index.

Praca powstała dzięki grantowi habilitacyjnemu MNiSW (rozliczany już w NCN). Recenzentami wydawniczymi byli prof. Wojciech Jakubowski (UWM) i prof. Andrzej Wierzbicki (UW), a recenzentami w przewodzie habilitacyjnym: śp. prof. Andrzej Chodubski (UG), prof. Franciszek Gołembski (AON), prof. Alicja Stępień-Kuczyńska (UŁ) i prof. Stanisław Tokarski (PAN).

Ефремов Е.А.
(Алматы, Казахстан, Казахстан, Казахский национальный университет имени Аль-Фараби)

Этнокультурная идентичность корейцев Казахстана
(по результатам социологического опроса)
Доклад на X Международной корееведческой конференции ДВФУ

Аннотация
Настоящая статья основана на проведенном опросе и нацелена на выявление степени этнокультурной идентичности корейцев Казахстана. В рамках которого были изучены факторы, влияющие на этническую и диаспорную идентичность, межэтническую толерантность корё сарам и степень их интегрированности в общество Казахстана.
Ключевые слова: диаспора, корё сарам, корейцы Казахстана, этническая идентичность, диаспорная идентичность.



Ethnocultural identity of Koreans in Kazakhstan
(basing on the results of the sociological survey)
Yefrem Yefremov
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Paper for the X-th FEFU International Conference on Korean Studies

Summary
In this paper, an analysis of the results of a sociological survey aimed at identifying the degree of the ethnic, diasporic, and cultural identity of Koreans in Kazakhstan was carried out. As part of the survey, the factors influencing ethnic and diaspora identity, interethnic tolerance of Koryo Saram, and the degree of integration of Koryo Saram into the society of Kazakhstan were studied.
As part of this work, an analysis of the results of a sociological survey aimed at identifying the degree of the ethnic, diasporic, and cultural identity of Koreans in Kazakhstan was carried out. As part of the survey, the factors influencing ethnic and diaspora identity, interethnic tolerance of Koryo Saram, and the degree of integration of Koryo Saram into the society of Kazakhstan were studied. It is concluded that the preservation of “Koreanness” in the multiethnic society in Kazakhstan occurs on the basis of genetic factors, as well as due to the preservation of ritual and everyday culture.
Keywords: diaspora, Koryo Saram, Koreans of Kazakhstan, ethnic identity, diasporic identity.

В статье дается краткая характеристика вклада академика Г. А. Пугаченковой в становление и развитие гуманитарных наук в Узбекистане и соседних советских республиках. Демонстрируя
своеобразный универсализм, еще возможный в ее время для центральноазиатских исследований, она затронула практически все темы истории древнего и средневекового искусства Центральной Азии. Даже сегодня, обращаясь к какой-либо теме, связанной с этой областью знаний, любой исследователь обязательно столкнется с работами Пугаченковой. Именно поэтому, стремясь дополнить ее опубликованные работы неизвестной документацией, международная Обсерватория
Alerte Héritage создала виртуальный архив Г. А. Пугаченковой, который был открыт 16 мая 2020 года в свободном доступе для всех пользователей Интернета (http://pugachenkova.net).

The volume “New Voices from Central Asia: Political, Economic, and Societal Challenges and Opportunities” gives the floor to a young generation of experts and scholars from Central Asia and
Azerbaijan. They were fellows at GW's Central Asia-Azerbaijan Fellowship Program, which aims to foster the next generation of thought leaders and policy experts in Central Asia. The Program provides young professionals (policy experts, scholars, and human rights and democracy activists) with opportunities to develop their research, analytical, and communication skills in order to become effective leaders within their communities. The Program serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas and builds lasting intellectual networks of exchange between and amongst Central Asians and the U.S. policy, scholarly, and activist communities. It increases and helps disseminate knowledge
about Central Asian viewpoints in both the United States and Central Asia.

With an appendix by Rian Thum and David Brophy.

The story of the Sufi saint Khwaja Muhammad Sharif is one of the best-loved hagiographies from East Turkistan (present-day Xinjiang, China), where the saint’s shrine remains a place of pilgrimage and devotion to this day. The Khwaja’s narrative recounts his adventures as he travels from Central Asia to Hindustan, Mecca, and back again, guided by saintly spirits and working miracles at every turn. He saves Muslims from shipwreck, gains powerful disciples, wages holy war, and ends his days as a beloved Sufi master. Jeff Eden’s introduction and notes offer insights into the text and its interpretation, and his translation marks the first time that a complete East Turkistani hagiography has been made available to readers in English. The appendix, by Rian Thum and David Brophy, reveals the intricate liaison between Muhammad Sharif’s shrine complex, its elite patrons, and the present hagiography. A classic of its genre, the Life of Muhammad Sharif provides both an accessible introduction to Central Asian Sufi literature and a compelling mystical allegory on the attainment of spiritual perfection.