City Gates Research Papers

After the Sack of Rome in 1527 and with the new Turkish menace incoming, a new issue was topical: how to defend the city. A few years after he had become Pope, Paul III Farnese (1534-1549) decided to deal with this problem entrusting his... more

in Evolving Spaces: Shaping and Representing the City and the Periphery in Early Modern Italy and Europe I Sixteenth Century Society Conference 18 – 20 August 2016 Bruges, Belgium Sponsor: Centre for Early Modern Studies, University of... more

This paper deals with the names given to the city walls, city gates, and palatial structures in Assyrian capital cities, Assur, Kalhu, Dur-Šarrukin, and Nineveh, in the Neo-Assyrian period. These names comprised popular names, which were... more

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- by Shigeo Yamada
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- 5
  Architecture and ideology, Assyria, Assyrian Empire, Ancient City Walls

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- by Erik Sommerlatte
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- 5
  Renaissance, Ideal City, Sabbioneta, City Gates

Le definizioni di architettura difensiva/L’architettura difensiva: componenti e definizioni/Il lungo muro della steppa siriana: un’opera di difesa?/Ebla e le fortificazioni di un centro urbano del ii millennio a.C./Le mura e le... more

Monumentalised gates of Angkor

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- by Dr. Uday Dokras
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- 4
  Angkor, Gates, Angkor Wat, City Gates

Foundation pegs – also known as dedication nails, foundation nails or cones – were objects of sacred function pinned on the walls of religious or administrative buildings. These objects were also hidden through burial in the foundations... more

This paper by Paolo Vitti and Ottavia Voza gives a broad analysis of the construction techniques and building phases of the Eastern sector of the fortification of Paestum.

Im dem Beitrag wird die Frage diskutiert, in wieweit bestimmte figürliche Darstellungen an Stadttoren im Sinne einer “visualisierten Herrschaftspropaganda“ zu lesen sind. Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen ist das sog. Urfa bzw. Aleppo Tor... more

SUMMARY: Lecture-9 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIA (MB IIA) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (fortifications; gateways; etc.), extramural temples, burial customs,... more

SUMMARY: Lecture-9 provides a broad overview of Middle Bronze IIA (MB IIA) in the Levant, including a brief overview, its chronology, settlement patterns, urban layout (fortifications; gateways; etc.), extramural temples, burial customs, material culture (e.g., pottery; metallurgy), writing, trade/exchange with Egypt (e.g., Sinuhe; cross-cultural relations in general), and its chronology, This lecture is designed mainly as an educational resource/aid for college students (i.e., normally posted only on my institution's course website), the public (e.g., people auditing my course), and interested colleagues from other disciplines (to whom I periodically provide copies privately). I am posting it here, both as a broader access, educational tool, and especially to promote the study of this region and its past societies. For further knowledge about this region and period, I refer interested parties to the textbooks and other sources from which the initial materials were extracted for this ppt. (see syllabus; e.g., initially Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible), and/or the bibliographies in these works and my online resource guides (see other files in my academia folders). Much of this and the other lectures summarize the pertinent materials in the course textbook(s), add in other data, including my own research materials, and furnish numerous images to clarify/illustrate the wealth of information encountered in the textbook(s). Some generic imagery (usually indicated as such) is posted to aid in transmitting various concepts visually, and/or when a specific image remains not located (temporarily). I update and revise such lectures each time, with such elective courses normally being taught once every two years. I try to cover the most current, mainstream views, and usually place summary notes at the end of each lecture (or in separate test study guides). Over time, each lecture is improved, errors rectified, and additional data placed within the lecture. These ppt. lectures take many hours to compile, but they have proved useful to many of my more serious students (who have since pursued graduate degrees), and a few colleagues, who, like me, often teach outside our main fields of specialty, and I hope they can be of benefit to others as well. My apologies for any errors I may have made (over time, as I teach this course every two years, I try to rectify any errors that might slip in inadvertently), and for my liberal usage of educational imagery from professional sources and vetted internet sources. UPDATES: Revised formatting, adding in some new slides, correcting some text, etc. (Sept. 2023).

City gates are among the most significant, but hardly studied, features of pre-modern cities. The present article studies city gates in early Islamic centuries within the Iranian cultural scope. In this research, primary sources are... more

City gates are among the most significant, but hardly studied, features of pre-modern cities. The present article studies city gates in early Islamic centuries within the Iranian cultural scope. In this research, primary sources are examined to provide data for a historical narrative of the city gates. The nature of gates, their relations to cities, urban life, and the perception of people from cities and the surrounding world are studied through three different roles that gates could perform: gates as objects of action, gates as instruments of action, and gates as places of action. This study would shed light on some aspects of the nature of gates and their threshold status in urban space, their situation as a place affected by their location, and their role in defining and indicating the city’s territory. The findings of this study show that different parts and spaces of the city gates were organized to control transit at different levels, depending on the circumstances. Although there was an emphasis on the possibility of transition between inside and outside at the city gates, it was conditioned by the values and rules that defined the city as a territory. City gates had a significant role in the formation of the image of the city and its territory for the people. City gates were crucial to the security of cities. Because of the threshold status of gates and their crucial role in definition and indication of cities’ boundaries, city gates, and their related events gained symbolic significance. In fact, city gates were indicating city as a territory involving all three physical, social and symbolic layers.
دروازه یکی از عناصر مهم و کم‌شناخته‌شدۀ شهرهای پیشامدرن است. در این مقاله، دروازه در شهرهای سده‌های نخست اسلامی در گسترۀ فرهنگی ایران بررسی شده و با با بررسی و تفسیر متون درجۀ اول، داده برای روایتی تاریخی از دروازه فراهم شده است. در این پژوهش چیستی دروازه، نسبت دروازه با شهر و حیات شهری، و نسبت دروازه با تلقی افراد از شهر و جهان پیرامون، ذیل سه نقش متفاوتی که دروازه می‌تواند به خود بگیرد، بررسی شده است: دروازه به‌مثابۀ شیئی محصول عمل انسان؛ دروازه به‌مثابۀ ابزاری برای انجام کنش‌های انسانی؛ دروازه به‌مثابۀ صحنه‌ای برای اعمال انسانی. از خلال این بررسی، وجوهی از ماهیت دروازه و موقعیت آستانه‌ای آن در فضای شهر و نقش آن در تعیین و تبیین قلمرو شهر روشن می‌شود. اجزا و فضاهای دروازه طوری سازمان‌دهی می‌شد که بتوان بسته به موقعیت، آمدوشد را با درجات مختلف کنترل کرد. دروازه بر احتمال گذار میان درون و بیرون تأکید داشت، اما این گذر را مشروط به ارزش‌ها و قوانینی می‌کرد که به شهر به‌مثابۀ قلمرو معنا می‌بخشید. دروازه در شکل‌دهی به تصویر ذهنی افراد از ساختار شهر و قلمرو آن نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کرد. حفظ دروازه برای حفظ شهر حیاتی بود. دروازه و رویدادهای مرتبط با آن، به‌واسطۀ وضعیت آستانه‌ای و اهمیتی که در حفظ و تعیین و تبیین حدود شهر داشت، دلالت‌های نمادینی یافته بود. در واقع دروازه در هر سه لایۀ کالبدی و اجتماعی و نمادین نمایندۀ شهر به‌مثابۀ یک قلمرو بود.

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- by Parisa Rahimzadeh and +1
  Zahra Ahari
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- 5
  Territory, Threshold, Iranian Cities, Iranian architectural history

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- by Jutta Stroszeck
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- 6
  Ancient Religion, Greek sanctuaries, Tumuli, Hero cults

Xanthos South City Gate and Its Phases Three gates providing access to the city from the east, west, and south have been identified on the oft-restored walls of Xanthos. This ancient city has been inhabited uninterruptedly from the... more

Aineias (Aeneas Tacticus) legt in seinen Poliorketika dar, wie im Altertum eine kleine Stadt einer Belagerung standhalten kann. Die Schrift ist das älteste militärische Fachbuch, das uns aus der Antike erhalten ist, und bietet die... more

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- by Błażej Targaczewski and +1
  Aleksandra Gałka
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- 8
  Medieval History, średniowiecze, Archeology, City Gates

Studie byla publikována v časopise ,,Archeologija" roku 1965 / The study was published in the journal ,,Archeologia" in 1965.

City Gates

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