Classical rhetoric

Kenneth Burke confessed that Permanence and Change was a secularization of the writing of Mary Baker Eddy that he learned in his Christian Science childhood. Eddy’s Platonic treatment of substance as “truth” engages with the tension between the symbolic and the nonsymbolic, foreshadowing Burke’s treatment of substance in relation to symbol, nonsymbol, and identification. The ways in which substance and identification interact in the works of Plato, Eddy, and Burke follow a line of discursive development that can illuminate critical review of how different forms of public discourse argue for “truth.”

In Rhetoric and Power, Nathan Crick dramatizes the history of rhetoric by explaining its origin and development in classical Greece beginning the oral displays of Homeric eloquence in a time of kings, following its ascent to power during the age of Pericles and the Sophists, and ending with its transformation into a rational discipline with Aristotle in a time of literacy and empire. Crick advances the thesis that rhetoric is primarily a medium and artistry of power, but that the relationship between rhetoric and power at any point in time is a product of historical conditions, not the least of which is the development and availability of communication media.
Investigating major works by Homer, Heraclitus, Aeschylus, Protagoras, Gorgias, Thucydides, Aristophanes, Plato, Isocrates, and Aristotle, Rhetoric and Power tells the story of the rise and fall of classical Greece while simultaneously developing rhetorical theory from the close criticism of particular texts. As a form of rhetorical criticism, this volume offers challenging new readings to canonical works such as Aeschylus's Persians, Gorgias's Helen, Aristophanes's Birds, and Isocrates's Nicocles by reading them as reflections of the political culture of their time.
Through this theoretical inquiry, Crick uses these criticisms to articulate and define a plurality of rhetorical genres and concepts, such as heroic eloquence, tragicomedy, representative publicity, ideology, and the public sphere, and their relationships to different structures and ethics of power, such as monarchy, democracy, aristocracy, and empire. Rhetoric and Power thus provides a foundation for rhetorical history, criticism, and theory that draws on contemporary research to prove again the incredible richness of the classical tradition for contemporary rhetorical scholarship and practice.

This article examines the performance context of Synesius of Cyrene’s
(ca. 370–415 CE) On Kingship. Synesius draws heavily on the classical tradition, and also incorporates many elements of Themistius’ philosophical style into his speech. But the work was not delivered before the emperor, as it purports, and hints at the fictionality of its own dramatic situation. These hints are not mere play but fit very closely the rhetorical needs of the circumstances. The performance appears to have been a success.

HANDBÜCHER 08-1/2-149 Handbuch der literarischen Rhetorik : eine Grundlegung der Literaturwissenschaft / Heinrich Lausberg. [Vorwort: Arnold Arens]. -4. Aufl. -Stuttgart : Steiner, 2008. -983 S. ; 23 cm. -(Philologie). -ISBN 978-3-515-09156-5 : EUR 96.00 [#0060] Es ist unzweifelhaft höchst verdienstvoll, daß Heinrich Lausbergs große Gesamtdarstellung zur literarischen Rhetorik in einer gebundenen Ausgabe wieder vorgelegt wurde. Keine literatur-und sprachwissenschaftliche Bibliothek wird auf dieses Buch verzichten wollen, das in bewundernswerter Kleinarbeit ein systematisches Bild der Rhetorik entwirft, der in den letzten Jahren sogar ein seit 1992 erscheinendes, bis zum Buchstaben St gediehenes, auf elf Bände angelegtes Historisches Wörterbuch der Rhetorik 1 und neuerdings ein auf zwei Bände berechnetes Handbuch Rhetorik und Stilistik 2 gewidmet ist. Auch eine Reihe kleinerer Einführungen in die Rhetorik sind auf dem Markt, sieht man einmal von den ohnehin unübersehbaren Büchern ab, die im Sinne praktischer Ratgeber versprechen, das richtige Reden zu allen denkbaren Gelegenheiten und Anlässen beizubringen. Es ist dem Herausgeber Arnold Arens zuzustimmen, daß es nicht selbstverständlich ist, ein wissenschaftliches Werk noch nach Jahrzehnten wieder neu aufzulegen. Im Vorwort zur vierten Auflage sowie im ebenfalls abgedruckten Vorwort von 1989 führt er dankenswerterweise auch die früheren Rezensionen zu Lausbergs Buch auf, die heute oft leicht durch die elektronischen Zeitschriftendatenbanken konsultiert werden können. 3 Daß man davon Abstand genommen hat, den Band zu überarbeiten, kann nur begrüßt werden, da sich eine solche Überarbeitung kaum sinnvoll von einem Einzelnen hätte durchführen lassen können; zum anderen wäre dies aber auch Lausbergs ursprünglicher Intention, wie Arens mutmaßt, nicht gerecht geworden. Ein Beleg für den fortdauernden Nutzen dieses Werkes sind

Recent scholarship in the field of argumentation theory has shown an increasing interest in rethinking the relation between dialectic (philosophy) and rhetoric. In the debate concerning this issue, some scholars take the position of ‘isolationists’. They think that fundamental differences exist between the two disciplines and that it is impossible to translate insights developed within the one discipline in terms of the other. Other scholars can be characterized as ‘combinationalists’. They take the position that insights from dialectic and rhetoric can be combined for the purpose of analyzing or evaluating argumentative discourse. Finally, there are ‘integrationalists’, who are of the opinion that the differences between dialectic and rhetoric can be overcome by reconceptualizing the two disciplines and integrating them into an encompassing theory of argumentation. According to these scholars, dialectic and rhetoric study one and the same phenomenon—argumentation understood as the ju ...

Emlékezni annyit jelent: tudni. Megérteni tudni, felidézni tudni, elmélyíteni tudni, átadni tudni. Az emlékezés identitásképző. Esszémben több szempontból (szubjektív módon is) igyekszem megközelíteni az emlékezés és az emlékeztetés formáit, technikáit. A példák a hétköznapi életből valók, körülöttünk élnek.

The ancient rhetorical theory of prose oikonomia has had a shadow existence in the rhetorical tradition at best. Quintilian tells us that "Hermagoras places judgment, division, order and everything relating to expression under the heading of economy [oikonomia], a Greek word

Dione di Prusa, Boristenitico (Or. XXXVI), Introduzione, traduzione e commento di MICHELE DI FEBO, con un saggio introduttivo di GIULIO A. LUCCHETTA, Carabba (“Biblioteca del Leonardo. Testi e contesti” 1), Lanciano 2017, pp. 194, ISBN 978-88-634-4506-0.

You are invited to visit the website on the Periodic Table of Arguments at www.periodic-table-of-arguments.org. The website contains a description of the theoretical framework of the table, information on the types of arguments within the four different quadrants, analyses of concrete examples, and descriptions of related research projects.

Cet article analyse la notion de genus ethikon (ἠθικόν) employée par Cicéron au § 128 de son Orator (46 av. J.-C.). En retraçant l’usage de l’adjectif ἠθικός à partir de la Rhétorique d’Aristote, je démontre que Cicéron l’utilise dans son dernier traité rhétorique non comme un équivalent du style moyen, mais comme une catégorie nouvelle permettant d’opposer éloquence du mouere et éloquence du conciliare. Il réintroduit ainsi dans son traité la notion de conciliation du public qu’il avait tout d’abord éliminée de son architecture théorique (au profit de la notion de delectare) afin de garantir la cohérence conceptuelle de sa doctrine. L’ἠθικόν correspond ainsi à l’idée d’une adaptation du style à l’orateur, non sur le mode pragmatique défendu par Aristote (chez qui la λέξις ἠθική désigne l’adaptation du style aux caractéristiques concrètes de l’orateur), mais sur un mode idéalisant : l’ἠθικόν est une catégorie stylistique prescriptive, celle du style de l’orateur accompli.

Rhetorical Public Speaking: Civic Engagement in the Digital Age, 3rd Edition offers students an innovative approach to public speaking by employing the rhetorical canon as a means of constructing artful speech in a multi-mediated environment. It provides a foundation to guide students in understanding, constructing, and delivering messages that address matters of public concern. Now in its third edition, the text features contemporary as well as historical examples to highlight key concepts and show how rhetoric works in practice. Each chapter includes speech excerpts, summaries, and exercises for review and retention. Students of public speaking are encouraged to employ their new skills as engaged citizens of society.

In the latter half of the 1990s the digital
image became prevalent, easy to manipulate, and consequently, easy to recontextualize,
meaning that now just about any image is available to any computer user for any occasion. To use Bolter's terminology, the "interpenetration" of textual and pictorial space in digital environments, especially on the Web, has increased
markedly, so that the predominance of the digital image now rivals that of the digital word. Indeed, a number of thinkers have noted the digital image's ascendancy in communicating
information via the computer. But how are we to think about, to analyze the rhetorical dimensions of these images? This essay focuses on using classical rhetoric 'as a way of
thinking about the persuasive power of computer-based images.

It has generally been assumed that Aristotle's Rhetoric was unknown or insignificant in 19th century England. This article shows that it was an important text in the period and argues that the pattern of publication of translations, editions, and student aids concerning Aristotle's Rhetoric reflects a pedagogical movement beginning with a broadly humanistic tradition of the Noetic school at Oriel College, Oxford at the beginning of the nineteenth century and ending with a more philologically oriented approach at Cambridge towards the end of the century. Among the authors discussed are

Plato and Aristotle are key figures in the study of rhetoric. Classical period had been known as the era where rhetoric emerged as the influential language existence. Experts on rhetoric had discussed deeply about the history of rhetoric from the classical period up to the renaissance. In this writing, the focus of the discussion is in the classical period. The reviews being discussed in this writing are mainly derived from ongoing discussion on rhetoric.

Little is known about Homer. Tradition tells us that he is the author of the epic Greek poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, which detail the mythic history of ancient Greece. These works, the oldest extant literature in the Western world, shaped Greek education, were recycled throughout the Roman Empire by way of Virgil’s Aeneid, and continue to be influential today as cultural touchstones (Enos 1996). In this entry, I detail Homer’s biography, the origins of his major texts, and lastly, the way rhetoricians have alternately excluded and included Homer in the rhetorical tradition.

When Plato attempts to discredit rhetoric and to demonstrate that it lacks the qualities of a true art, he often compares it to medicine which he views as the model for a true art or techne. But as this essay will show, that seemingly solid contrast between rhetoric and medicine sometimes teeters, particularly when scholars consider that Plato was influenced by patterns of thought common to his era, a period during which the fluidity of disciplinary boundaries sparked debate among ancient Greek intellectuals. In making this argument, I will proceed as follows. First, by examining the Gorgias to show that Plato's portrayals of rhetoric as a mere " knack " or " skill " and an incomplete art are based on his early employment of rhetoric as a foil, the clear opposite of medicine, a true techne. Second, I will examine Phaedrus to show that Plato's portrayal of rhetoric undergoes a radical change, one that makes it possible for rhetoric to be treated as a potentially true techne, with a relation to medicine that is rearticulated and interconnected, thus exposing the similarities between the two. By tracing the process through which the stark opposition between rhetoric and medicine comes to be re-expressed as a similarity between the two, this essay also seeks a fuller interpretation of Plato's attitude toward rhetoric, adding ideas that supplement the work of scholars who claim that the only evidence for his conception of an ideal rhetoric lies in the potential role he envisioned for it as handmaiden to philosophy and dialectic. This essay shows that another way Plato captures the nature of rhetoric as a worthy art is through its nuanced relationship to medicine.

Recensione di Aristotele, Retorica. Introduzione, traduzione e commento di S. GASTALDI («Classici» 36), Carocci Editore, Roma 2014, pp. 637, «ΠΗΓΗ / FONS. Revista de estudios sobre la civilización clásica y su recepción» I (2016), pp. 164-169.

This paper explores the relationship between grammar and style in composition. These two genres of rhetoric are often expected to be performed well by student writers, yet grammar and style are rarely taught together. In this paper, I argue that Holcomb and Killingsworth's project for advancing stylistics as performance shares Kolln's call for a "rhetorical grammar" in the composition classroom. This paper offers several definitions of grammar, six close reading reviews, and over twenty-five summary reviews.

With the help of a theoretical framework proceeding from the study of the distinction between oral and written discourse in modern languages, this paper approaches some linguistic phenomena present in the Apology of Socrates — anacolutha, discourse markers, repetitions, enumerations, etc. — as traces of spoken language, consciously placed by Plato in his literary recreation of his master’s oration. Thus, the claim made by Socrates at the beginning of the speech, that he has not prepared beforehand his defence, finds support in those stylistic marks, which contribute to enhancing the sense of spontaneity of his words.

Paper exposes and details the usage of rhetoric & propaganda. Knowing this also exposes the purposes and motives involved in the creation of such texts. Which, in turn, leads us to information about the true authorship of these texts. Emphasis is upon the importance of recognizing literary devices.

This dissertation draws attention to reciprocal influences linking the arts and sciences, represented respectively here by two seemingly disparate subjects-Rhetoric and Medicine. Both of these disciplines, I argue, share a long and intersecting history with one another still visible in the fifth-and fourth-century BCE Greece, when they began to develop separately and to be thought of as distinct disciplines. Exploring the historical connections between Rhetoric and Medicine in the Classical period offers us food for thought for bridging the gap between the arts and sciences today because it obliges us to recognize the historical intersections between them, the mutual influence each had upon the other, as well as the acknowledgment of these intersections and these influences by the ancient Greeks.

The existing classifications of arguments are unsatisfying in a number of ways. This paper proposes an alternative in the form of a Periodic Table of Arguments. The newly developed table can be used as a systematic and comprehensive point of reference for the analysis, evaluation and production of argumentative discourse as well as for various kinds of empirical and computational research in the field of argumentation theory.

This study focuses on the analysis of the direct speech between divine and human characters in Vergil’s Aeneid, with particular emphasis on the presence of features regarded as familiar and colloquial. Given that the Vergilian epic is a genre habitually regarded as an artificial construction and of a style which distances itself from normal, everyday language, this study will seek to confirm whether there is a significant accumulation of features of spoken language in the gods’ discourse. The approach of this analysis will be essentially syntactical and in necessary correlation with a pragmatic point of view.

"It has long been stated that, in Isocrates’ Helen, there seems to be an open contradiction between the author’s harsh criticism of logoi paradoxoi and the simple fact that his own encomia of Helen and Busiris appear to be specimens of that very genre.  Traditionally, this contradiction has been explained by Isocrates’ need to distanciate his own work from that of his predecessors.
This paper undertakes a different approach. Isocrates’ criticism of paradoxographic literature is based upon observations about what is and what is not allowed in moral epideictic discourse. Isocrates’ specific instructions about proper and improper moral argumentation can function as hermeneutical tool to analyze Helen and Busiris. Only in Helen does he observe the rules of argumentation formulated in that very discourse. In Busiris, however, Isocrates adopts the typical modes of argumentation in paradoxographic literature as represented in the works of Gorgias or Polycrates. In consequence, his arguments in Busiris prove to be unconvincing when measured by his own standards formulated in the proemium of both Helen and Busiris. Consequently, the discourse ends in an apology of these arguments which is, once again, defective. In his corresponding discourses Helen and Busiris, Isocrates implictly demonstrates the moral and technical defects inherent in paradoxical discourse.He explicitly reflects these defects in the proemia and epilogues of both speeches. Helen and Busiris should, therefore, be understood as Isocrates’ manifesto for moral discourse as opposed to paradoxographic showpieces."

2017.12.28 | Stanley Porter and Bryan R. Dyer (editors), Paul and Ancient Rhetoric: Theory and Practice in the Hellenistic Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. xviii + 330 pp.

Reviewed by Emanuel Conțac, Pentecostal Theological Institute of Bucharest

According to Mary Shelley’s 1831 Introduction, her great novel is her “hideous progeny.” This proclamation along with numerous birthing metaphors place her Introduction within the obstetric discourse field of the maternal imagination, a theory which claimed that pregnant women’s imaginations had the power to deform their fetuses. More importantly, the maternal imagination, and thus Mary Shelley’s Introduction, is a form of mêtic rhetoric with a distinctly maternal flavor.

This study shows the importance of Heraclitus in developing ontological and linguistic theories that eventually influenced early Greek rhetoric, specifically ones concerning allegorical and other indirect strategies of interpreting and composing discourse. Close reading of Heraclitus, especially his critique of epic, can shed new light on several issues of interest to rhetoricians: pre-sophistic orthoepeia; the linguistic turn in Greek thought; the relation of instability of language to ontology; the relationship between literal and figurative readings of the same statement; the problem of imitative form in Heraclitean and subsequent Greek compositions; the question of true naming.

TOPIC This is an in-depth study of the accusations, the evolution, and the progression of Witchcraft and Sorcery that was believed to have been practised in the Ancient Greek and Roman World. This will be achieved by the analysis of ancient mythology, literature, and material evidence that has been discovered in archaeological excavations. This is an in-depth study of the accusations, the evolution, and the progression of Witchcraft and Sorcery that was believed to have been practised in the Ancient Greek and Roman World. This will be achieved by the analysis of ancient mythology, literature, and material evidence that has been discovered in archaeological excavations.

Effective forensic communication cannot be achieved in an extemporaneous fashion or without preliminary preparation: communication has to be shaped by studying rhetoric, psychology and paraverbal and non-verbal communication. Knowing and being able to use rhetoric allows you to organize your thinking in a technically valid way and deliver persuasive speech. This book represents a practical aid that will allow the reader to understand classical rhetoric whilst focusing on the needs of modern jurists.

https://edizioni.intra.pro/prodotto/sposito-gianluca-the-keys-of-legal-rhetoric/

A comparison of Hermogenes' style of Clarity (Purity and Distinctness) with Aphthonius' Characterization stage.  Contemporary student compositions are used to illustrate the wider range of skills imparted through the complex instruction of Hermogenes.

Alberti's aims with De pictura/Della pittura are closely mirrored by the tripartite division of the text, as well as the compressed ideas within each section. He sought to elevate the status of painting that of a liberal art, which entailed addressing both painters and the circle to which Alberti himself belonged: the humanist scholar,  so as to establish painting as an intellectual activity worthy of academic discussion. The end result is a text whereby painters and scholars are addressed simultaneously and seamlessly, with the aims of elevating the painter to the rank of a liberal artist, and the profession of painting to a liberal art.

Resumen: En este artículo se estudia el discurso fúnebre de Marco Antonio en la obra de Shakespeare Julio César como ejemplo del poder de la palabra en la retórica clásica. Se resume la situación socio-cultural y política de la época de César con el fi n de contextualizar la tragedia de Shakespeare. Al comparar los discursos de Bruto y Marco Antonio tras el asesinato de César, se evidencia el uso prodigioso de estrategias retóricas en el discurso de Marco Antonio y su argumento persuasivo.