Current Conveyor

The current-mode instrumentation amplifier based on second-generation current conveyors (CCII) offers many benefits over conventional instrumentation amplifier architectures. It does not need any matched components to achieve high CMRR and its bandwidth is not gain-bandwidth product limited. Therefore, the wideband CMOS current conveyor has been used in this structure. HSPICE simulations have shown that its performance is quite satisfactory for wideband current-mode signal processing. Furthermore, different CMRR enhancement techniques of current-mode instrumentation amplifiers are discussed. The new simulated instrumentation amplifier provides approximately 40 dB of improvement on the high-frequency CMRR up to the 3-dB corner frequency and even higher. In addition, composite conveyor techniques improving the instrumentation amplifier performance are presented

Cette thèse porte sur la conception d'un circuit intégré CMOS pour l'électronique de lecture de capteurs bolométriques à base de semiconducteurs ou supraconducteurs haute-température. Dans ce manuscrit, une chaîne de traitement du signal est étudiée. Elle est composée d'un amplificateur différentiel à gain fixé pour des températures de 40 à 400K, ainsi que d'un filtre de fréquence passe-bas actif à haute dynamique. Une architecture optimale d'amplificateur est définie sans contre-réaction, permettant d'atteindre une large bande passante (17MHz pour un gain de 40dB), une consommation réduite (Iq = 2mA) et une haute impédance d'entrée. Afin de fixer le gain avec précision dans la structure CMOS, deux méthodes différentes sont présentées et vérifiées sur un circuit intégré. Par la suite, le comportement des filtres dans la bande d'atténuation est étudié afin d'augmenter la fréquence de coupure maximale. Deux structures avec une faible influence des é...

This paper presents design of an active building block for analog signal processing, named as current-controlled differential difference current conveyor (CCDDCC). Its parasitic resistances at X-terminal can be controlled by an input bias current. The proposed element is realized in a CMOS technology. It displays usability of the new active element, where the maximum bandwidth of voltage and current followers are around 1 GHz, 100 MHz, respectively. The THD is obtained around 0.8% within 0.6 Vp–p input range. The power dissipation of a CCDDCC at 10μA biased current is obtained around 1.35 mW with ±1.25V power supplies. In addition, grounded capacitor-based floating capacitance multiplier and current-mode (CM) multiple-input single output (MISO) second-order universal analog filters are included as the applications. For realization of a grounded capacitor-based floating capacitance multiplier, it employs three CCDDCCs and one grounded capacitor without resistor connections. The capacitance can be tuned electronically through the bias current. The filter offers the simultaneous realization five type standard filter responses. The quality factor and the frequency response parameters can be independently tuned. The non-ideal effects of the developed structures are examined. SPICE simulation results of proposed CCDDCC and its applications are also presented.

This paper proposes a new floating capacitance multiplier using three Current Control Differential Difference Current Conveyors (CCDDCCs) with CMOS technology and one grounded capacitor. The circuit can be electronically tuned through bias currents of CCDDCC without external resistor connections and temperature effects do not affected to the capacitance characteristic. The realization is suitable for further integration. The third-order elliptic LPF is included as an application. The simulations results of proposed capacitance multiplier and its applications are carried out by PSpice that agrees well with the theoretical expectations.

This paper presents a new CMOS fully differential current feedback operational amplifier (FDCFOA). The proposed CMOS realization of the FDCFOA is based on a novel class AB fully differential buffer circuit. Besides the proposed FDCFOA circuit is operating at supply voltages of ±1.5 V, it has a total standby current of 400 μA. The applications of the FDCFOA to realize variable gain amplifier, fully differential integrator, and fourth order fully differential maximally flat low pass filter are given. The fourth order filter provides 8 dB gain and a bandwidth of 4.3 MHz to accommodate the wideband CDMA standard. The proposed FDCFOA and its applications are simulated using CMOS 0.35 μ m technology.

The signal handling capability of the filters is called dynamic range. In this paper, a topological form for the synthesis of filters with high dynamic range is proposed. A biquad notch/all-pass filter is shown in conformity with the given topological form. It is shown that there is a trade-off between dynamic range and high input impedance property. The presented circuit is compared with other notch filters in the literature. It has less number of components, better high-frequency response and dynamic range compared to others. Since the circuit includes a minimum number of resistors, it can easily provide electronically tunable circuits through resistor/controlled current conveyor replacement. Simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results. Routh-Hurwitz stability analyses are also given.

A flipped current mirror and a flipped voltage follower suited to low-voltage and low power operation is applied to the design of current conveyors (CCII). A new topology (class-A )is proposed operating at 1.5v and featuring simplicity, compactness, low power consumption and bandwidths up to 100 MHz for a 0.5μm CMOS technology.

Abstract. In the paper, an analysis of the state-of-the-art of active elements for analog signal processing is presented which support–in contrast to the conventional operational amplifiers–not only the voltage-mode but also the current-and mixed-mode operations. Several problems are addressed which are associated with the utilization of these elements in linear applications, particularly in frequency filters. A methodology is proposed which generates a number of fundamentally new active elements with their potential utilization in various ...

Today there are numerous active filter circuit solutions employing current or voltage conveyors. There are also a number of current and voltage conveyors of specific types. In the initial stages of the design they are considered in their idealized form, when their idealized models are used, which are made up of controlled current and voltage sources. To be able to assess whether the proposed structures are or are not suitable, it is necessary to have the possibility of realizing the designed circuits using real components, and also to have, already at the design stage, the most faithful models of real components so that the properties of the filter under consideration can be assessed as early as the design stage and the design of the envisaged filter made as effective as possible. The paper deals with the idea of so-called universal multifunction conveyor, which would enable realizing a certain group of both current and voltage conveyors, thus forming a multipurpose experimental ele...

Advancement in VLSI technology has led to larger
number of components on a single chip making it a reality to realise
portable systems. Analog circuits are important in every VLSI systems
such as filters, current and voltage amplifiers, comparators, A/D and
D/A converters, etc. Miniaturization in circuit design requires lowpower
low-voltage (LPLV) analog integrated circuits to be designed.
Analog signal processing’s inherent advantage of low power and high
speed has led to extensive research in analog domain. Current domain
processing having advantages of higher bandwidth, large dynamic
range, greater linearity, simple circuitry seems to be the solution.
Among the number of current mode topologies current conveyor is the
most versatile building block. The second generation Current controlled
current conveyor (CCCII) has attained greater popularity in recent years
due to electronic adjustability of its X-terminal intrinsic resistance
through bias current. Here we have designed three topologies of CCCII
found in literature namely dual output current controlled current
conveyor (DOCCCII), current controlled current conveyor
transconductance amplifier (CCCCTA) and digitally programmable
current controlled current conveyor (DPCCCII) in 16nm bulk CMOS
technology using PTM (High Performance 16nm Metal Gate / High-K /
Strained-Si parameter).

... IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE'99, pp. 601. 15. ... 25. S. Ajram, G. Salmer, "Ultrahigh Frequency DC-to-DC Converters Using GaAs Power Switches", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, pp. 594-602. September 2001. 26. ...

An insensitive current mode versatile first order filter section with single input and multiple outputs is realized. The realization uses two multi outputs current conveyors, only one grounded resistor and one grounded capacitor. The realized current mode section provides low-pass, high-pass and all-pass responses at different outputs without any component matching constraint. The all-pass section is then cascaded with the

In this paper, a new voltage scaling type digital-analog converter (DAC) circuit using only differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs) is presented. The circuit does not employ any other active or passive elements. Only biasing currents of the active ...

A new floating immittance function simulator circuit is proposed using two different active elements, a dual-output second generation current conveyor (DO-CCII) and an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The presented circuit can realize a positive and negative floating inductor, capacitor and resistor depending on the passive component selection. Since the passive elements are all grounded, this circuit is suitable for fully