DWDM

Summary form only given. Telecommunications has continued to push optical fibers towards ever-more demanding applications-such as high bit rates, dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM), and long distances-and in response there has been renewed interest in alternative fiber designs to lift fundamental limitations of silica fibers. A particularly exciting departure from traditional fibers are fibers based on photonic band gaps, forbidden frequency

This presentation reviews 5G RAN functional decomposition along with RAN architecture evolution before exploring technical solutions for fronthaul transport. The relative techno-economics are presented along with considerations based on an evolution towards vRAN and Open RAN.

60 GHz technology offers various advantages over current or existing communications systems. One of the most important is the availability of at least 5 GHz of continuous bandwidth worldwide. While this is comparable to the unlicensed bandwidth allocated for ultra-wideband (UWB) purposes, the 60 GHz bandwidth is continuous and less restricted in terms of power limits. In fact, the large bandwidth at
60 GHz band is one of the largest unlicensed bandwidths being allocated in history.

Dalam jaringan saat ini, teknologi optik seperti Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) digunakan untuk menyediakan jalur cahaya titik-ke-titik berkapasitas tinggi yang terdiri dari saluran panjang gelombang yang dibawa melalui serangkaian serat. Cakupan layanan berbasis jaringan optik meningkat dan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jaringan tradisional seperti circuit switching dan kebijakan packet switching. Dengan menggunakan serat optik, sifat transmisi data yang tinggi dan cepat jika dibandingkan dengan pendekatan tradisional di atas menggunakan kabel tembaga, twisted pair sebagai media komunikasi. Dalam jaringan optik, data diubah menjadi bit cahaya yang disebut foton dan kemudian ditransmisikan melalui serat yang lebih cepat daripada jaringan tradisional di mana data diubah menjadi elektron yang berjalan melalui kabel tembaga. Transmisi data menggunakan serat optik lebih cepat karena berat pho lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan berat elektron. Dan selanjutnya, tidak seperti elektron, foton tidak saling mempengaruhi ketika bergerak dalam serat karena tidak memiliki muatan listrik dan tidak terpengaruh oleh foton nyasar di luar serat. Cahaya memiliki frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dan maka panjang gelombang lebih pendek, dan karena itu lebih banyak bit‖ dari transmisi dapat terkandung dalam panjang serat dibandingkan panjang tembaga yang sama. Serat optik dapat membawa lebih banyak sinyal komunikasi daripada kabel tembaga besar di latar belakang dan jarak yang lebih jauh. Permintaan bandwidth telah meningkat secara signifikan; kapasitas jaringan juga meningkat dan aplikasi seperti aplikasi video dan pekerjaan jarak jauh adalah pendorong utama peningkatan permintaan ini. Wavelength Division multiplexing merupakan teknologi yang memungkinkan untuk jaringan backbone berkecepatan tinggi digunakan dalam jaringan optik. Koneksi optik antara node dalam jaringan disebut sebagai jalur cahaya. Jalur cahaya dibuat sebelum komunikasi antara router panjang gelombang. Untuk menetapkan jalur cahaya, saluran dengan panjang gelombang yang sama harus dialokasikan pada semua tautan di sepanjang rute. Himpunan jalur cahaya yang ditetapkan disebut sebagai topologi virtual dan digunakan untuk merutekan lalu lintas lapisan yang lebih tinggi. Jadi, jalur cahaya ini perlu diatur secara dinamis dengan menentukan rute melintasi jaringan yang menghubungkan sumber ke tujuan, dan

Mobile backhaul connectivity is an essential enabler of a mobile network. As networks evolve from 4G LTE to 5G it is vital that the access network connectivity undergoes a transport network transformation to meet new requirements on throughput, PELR, latency, PDV and synchronisation. This talk from the IET 5G Unleashed event, explains the requirements of 5G backhaul and presents a use case from BT UK on the architecture and design of their EE 5G mobile network.

The need for technology with the characteristics of large bandwidth channel capacity, reliability (reliability) and good quality is the target of today's technology, technology with these characteristics is needed for both corporate and individual users and connoisseurs of today's technology.
To encourage the implementation of this technology, a system that is mutually integrated and mutually supportive is needed. The basic principle of a fiber optic communication system is the sending (transmitter) of an information signal in the form of a light signal which then the information signal will travel through the optical fiber transmission medium, and the information signal will be received by the receiver. And with the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) modulation technique, it is able to transmit more wavelengths, so that the resulting bandwidth is greater. In this research the bandwidth capacity is 2 (two) times bigger, namely 200 Gbps for each direction which was previously only 100 Gbps, coupled with the Automatic Switching Optical Network (ASON) technology which is able to answer problems on the network if there is fiber cut (trouble). Traffic will be forwarded to destination if there is a problem on the network, this is can automatically by routing services according to the function of ASON. This can happen after researchers redesign the network topology, previously the network topology was still a line type with 27 DWDM sites Network Element (NE), then after redesigning the network topology became a mesh type with a total DWDM site of 33 NE (adding 6 new NE site DWDM), as well as redesign the rack layout and redesign internal fiber too.

Key Words : Optic, ASON, DWDM, Bandwidth, Transmitter, Receiver

Dense wavelength division
multiplexing (DWDM) is a fiber optic
technology that can transmit multiple
information streams simultaneously over the
single fiber. In this paper we are doing
comparative analysis of 16 channels Dense
wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
system using different modulation formats
(NRZ, RZ ) and compensation schemes at
different bit rates (10Gbps, 30Gbps and
60Gbps) with standard and dispersion
compensated fiber on the basis of Q-factor, eyediagram
and bit error rate for fixed gain EDFA
and length both type of fiber.

This paper describes the current status of Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM), and then progresses to discuss how it may evolve in networking applications in the future. As WDM can enhance not only transmission but also networking systems, the paper reports a potentially low cost WDM based access node architecture, particularly suited for routing optical data packets on nanosecond timescales. The scheme is cascadable and involves the use of a simple semiconductor optical amplifier (SAO) based add-drop switch. Preliminary results concerning the operation of the add-drop switches under multi-wavelength operation are reported.

One of the problems in the new generation of radio over fiber networks that requires to be concentrated, is decreasing the quantity of bit error rate in the lowest power penalty. This works studies a new technology for increasing the capacity of radio network backbone transmission channels by combining the two particular radio signal and optical power technologies. This paper also evaluates the results of down-link 5Gbps OOK signal of four radio base stations over 50km dense wavelength division multiplexing single mode fiber. The outcomes show that the total received optical power penalty is about 0.2dB at bit error rate of 10-9 and quality factor of greater than 7. This amount of bit error rate can be supposed as a negligible value in the performance of radio over fiber system for multimedia and real time applications.

We propose the interesting results that a dark soliton pulse can be localized within a nonlinear nano-waveguide. The system consists of nonlinear micro and nano ring resonators, whereas the dark soliton can be input into the system and trapped within the nano-waveguide. A dark soliton input is copped by the nonlinear effects known as chaos to be the smaller pulses. The required pulse is filtered and amplified, which can be controlled and localized within the nano-waveguide. The new design trapping a dark soliton pulse within a nano ring resonator using the proposed system is achieved. The localized dark soliton is also reviewed and discussed to application for CCTV. Keywords : DWDM; Security camera; CCTV; Nano-waveguide

In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDM-channels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10-26 over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively. Keyword: DSF DWDM EOPM FWM SMF 1. INTRODUCTION Optical fiber offers huge bandwidth utilized by dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network [1], [2]. Nonlinear effects have a huge impact on the performance of DWDM; mainly four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomena. The FWM mainly occurs due to the interaction between two or more wavelengths, in which new wavelengths are generated due to the variations in the refractive index of the fiber [2]. Thus, the newly generated wavelengths may coincide with the original wavelengths resulted in introducing server source of impairments. The phase of the signal in On-Off keying modulation (OOK) is an extra degree of freedom since the data is carried by signal's intensity and the inter and intra-channel FWM consider as the major source of impairments in high data rate OOK system. Hence, by using alternate-phase return-to-zero (APRZ) modulation, the phase of an RZ signal is modulated at half the bit rate in order to give a phase shift to neighboring bits which causes the intra-channel FWM contributions to interfere destructively [3]. Although such approach has been shown to be able to reduce the intra-channel FWM effects, however, it has been tested only for a single channel. In [4]; asynchronous phase modulation (APM) proposed and resulted in increasing the power tolerance of NRZ-OOK over a long distance. Similarly, in [5] an optical phase conjugation (OPC) firstly proposed for suppression the FWM effect. Unfortunately, the OPC possess several limitations as it is very complex, possess extra loss, and it cost too much. Recent studies in [6-9] used different modulation formats in DWDM system to increase the nonlinear tolerance such as the return to zero (RZ), carrier suppression return to zero (CSRZ), Differential phase shift keying (DPSK), Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK), optical duo-binary (ODB) and duo-binary return-to-zero (DRZ). The results of these studies revealed that CSRZ and DRZ modulations have better performance and are

In this paper, we propose calculating models of Terrestrial DWDM cascaded EDFAs Fiber Optic Communication Links using Hybird Fiber Amplifier (HFA) including combination of Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) and EDFA, and build algorithm charts to optimize parameters including signal power per channel launched fiber, EDFAs gain, pump power of Raman amplifier for improving optical Signal-to-Noise ratio (OSNR) at the end

Este proyecto describe el diseño de una red DWDM aplicando la técnica de optimización de algoritmos genéticos, cuyo objetivo principal es determinar la mínima cantidad de amplificadores ópticos necesarios para operar una red  y la ubicación exacta de ellos en cada enlace de la red. Se optimiza el número de amplificadores ópticos debido a que estos componentes son los más costosos y sus precios varían entre el rango de  20.000 a 60.000 euros dependiendo de su potencia.

In this paper, we propose calculating models of Terrestrial DWDM cascaded EDFAs Fiber Optic Communication Links using Hybird Fiber Amplifier (HFA) including combination of Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) and EDFA, and build algorithm charts to optimize parameters including signal power per channel launched fiber, EDFAs gain, pump power of Raman amplifier for improving optical Signal-to-Noise ratio (OSNR) at the end

We report in this paper the study of a double coherent solid-spaced Fabry–Perot filter. The utilization of thick spacers enables to take advantage of their high optical quality and to use simple broad-band dielectric mirrors. Such single cavity filters are easy to manufacture and exhibit very low absorption and scattering levels. In a preliminary demonstration phase, the adjustement of the