Delphi

We introduce a heuristic method for the single resource constrained project scheduling problem, based on the dynamic programming solution of the knapsack problem. This method schedules projects with one type of resources, in the non-preemptive case: once started an activity is not interrupted and runs to completion. We compare the implementation of this method with well-known heuristic scheduling method, called Minimum Slack First (known also as Gray-Kidd algorithm), as well as with Microsoft Project.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the key discrepancies in the qualitative research approach and its effect on research outcomes using Delphi web technique. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was used to collect experts’ opinions over two rounds. A panel of 24 experts filled questionnaire in the first round and 17 of them continued in the second round. Answers to open-ended questions were tabulated, summarized and analyzed thematically generating 44 items. Participants then were asked to rate their level of agreement with these item statements in the second round. Results: Scholars used and viewed the same qualitative approaches differently with a percentage of 76.5%. The paradigm for qualitative research is not well defined with a percentage of 70.6%. Every book and every published research article seems to describe qualitative methods differently. Furthermore, schools of qualitative research defined assumptions and their purposes differently. Conclusion: Recentl...

El objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar la situación actual del desarrollo turístico de la ciudad de Maracaibo. La metodología es de tipo cuantitativa-descriptiva, utilizando el método Delphi con la participación de 16 expertos en dos rondas sucesivas. Como conclusiones destacan: reconocimiento del turismo como actividad económica complementaria y no principal. El Lago de Maracaibo como principal recurso natural y distintos recursos culturales que requieren su puesta en valor, diversas facilidades turísticas, la necesidad de una planificación-gestión mancomunada urbano-ambiental-cultural-turística, entre otras.

Este trabalho tem como propósito a utilização de uma metodologia para
desenvolvimento de interfaces de forma a verificar a efetividade das técnicas de HCI em sistemas de auxílio à aprendizagem. Para demonstrar a utilização das técnicas, foi reformulada a interface do Tutor Delphi. Para isso foi utilizada a ferramenta de programação
visual Delphi 7.
2003

Keeping an exact calendar was important to schedule Delphic festivals. The proper day for a prophecy involved a meticulous calculation, which was carried out by learned priests and ancient philosophers. The month of Bysios on average is February, but in reality it could be any 30-day interval between January and March. Bysios starts with a New Moon, but the beginning of the month is not easily pinpointed and thus Bysios and the 7 th day for giving an oracle cannot be identified according to the Gregorian calendar. The celestial motions of Lyra and Cygnus with regards to sunrise and sunset are related to the Delphi temple‘s orientation and the high altitude of steep cliffs of the Faidriades in front of it. Light from the rising Sun shines at the back of the temple where the statue of the god is located, while the appearance and disappearance of Lyra and Cygnus, two of Apollo‘s favorite constellations in the Delphic sky, mark the period of absence of the god to the Hyperboreans. This ...

Link to download: https://hdl.handle.net/11299/220694

This article makes three arguments regarding the Battle of Thermopylae. First, that the discovery of the Anopaea path was not dependent upon Ephialtes, but that the Persians were aware of it at their arrival and planned their attacks at Thermopylae, Artemisium, and against the Phocians accordingly. Second, that Herodotus’ claims that the failure of the Phocians was due to surprise, confusion, and incompetence are not convincing. And third, that the best explanation for the Phocian behavior is that they were from Delphi and betrayed their allies as part of a bid to restore local control over the sanctuary.

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสมรรถนะของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาสังกัด
สำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษาอุตรดิตถ์ในทศวรรษหน้า

ประชากรกลุ่มเป้าหมาย ได้แก่ผู้เชี่ยวชาญที่มีประสบการณ์ทางด้านการบริหารสถานศึกษา ประกอบด้วยผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา ศึกษานิเทศก์ และผู้อำนวยการเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาในเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษาอุตรดิตถ์เขต 1และเขต 2 จำนวน 18 คน

วิธีดำเนินการวิจัย ใช้เทคนิคเดลฟาย

เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่แบบสอบถาม

การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลและสถิติที่ใช้ ได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่ามัธยฐาน ค่าพิสัยระหว่างควอไทล์ และค่าสัมบูรณ์ของผลต่างระหว่างค่ามัธยฐานและฐานนิยม

ผลการวิจัยพบว่า สมรรถนะของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษาอุตรดิตถ์ ในทศวรรษหน้า (พ.ศ.2558-2567) ต้องประกอบด้วยสมรรถนะ 6 ด้าน ดังนี้ ด้านการทำงานเป็นทีม ด้านสติปัญญา ด้านทักษะการบริหาร ด้านการมีวิสัยทัศน์ ด้านความเป็นผู้นำ และด้านการใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ ซึ่งสมรรถนะทั้ง 6 ด้านดังกล่าว มีความสำคัญอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด

คำสาคัญ : ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา สมรรถนะในทศวรรษหน้า เทคนิคเดลฟาย

ABSTRACT
Thesis title : Competency of School Administrators under Uttaradit Primary Education Service Area Office in the Next Decade (2015-2024)

Author : Mrs. Dararat Chankai

Degree : Master of Education (Educational Administration)

Thesis advisor and committee :
Assistant Professor Dr. Phimphaka Thammasit          Chairperson
Assistant Professor Dr. Chatphum Sichompoo            Committee

The purpose of the study was to investigate the competency of school administrators under Uttaradit Primary Educational Service Area Office in the next decade. The target population was 18 experienced school principals, supervisors, and directors of Educational Service Area Offices under Uttaradit Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 and 2. Delphi Technique was applied for research methodology. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by mean, median, interquartile range, and absolute value of the difference
between median and mode. The results showed that the competency of the school administrators under Uttaradit Primary Education Service Area Office in the next decade consisted of 6 aspects: teamwork, intelligence, management skill, vision, leadership, and technology. All the six aspects were rated at the highest level.

Keywords : School Administrators, Competency, Next Decade, Delphi Technique

This article discusses the evolution and main characteristics of Delphi's statuary landscape, focussing on the process of prestige spatialisation via erection of honorific portraits within the Delphic territory. My goal is to present trends and tendencies in placing honorific portraits at Delphi from the mid-fifth century B.C. to the late fourth century A.D. The article focuses on issues surrounding the locations for honorific statues and how these featured in attempts to monopolise the sanctuary's overall layout throughout by vying for the most conspicuous places at Delphi. I argue that the placement of honorific statues within the Delphic temenos was not random but was in fact a precisely planned process which was influenced by several (variable) factors. These factors included the availability of space, the visibility of the monuments, and the number of visitors that could be expected. The relationship between Delphi and the League of the Aetolians is particularly stressed in association with the question regarding the nature of the Aetolian self-representation at Delphi. I contrast Delphi with Thermos to assess the degree to which the Aetolians dominated the sanctuary and how they presented themselves to both internal and external audiences.

par Marjolaine Carles.
—
Aux origines du culte d'Apollon à Delphes se pose le problème de continuité ou de rupture entre le monde mycénien et le monde grec. Comment restituer les pratiques religieuses et les croyances d'une époque révolue sur un site dépourvu de trace d'écriture ?

À partir des témoignages archéologiques antérieurs aux premiers indices liés au culte d'Apollon à Delphes, ce livre propose une enquête des modalités cultuelles de la fin de l'Âge du Bronze au début de l'Âge du Fer.
Si les représentations de deux cultes apparaissent comme antithétiques, l'un à dominante féminine à la fin de l'occupation mycénienne (xiie siècle avant J.-C.) et l'autre plutôt masculin au Géométrique (viiie siècle avant J.-C.), il s'agit bien de saisir les conditions de transition entre deux sociétés dont l'expression de la religiosité et les pratiques cultuelles diffèrent.

Détails et table des matières sur http://www.safran.be/proddetail.php?prod=DELPH

Wie sieht die Zukunft der politischen Kommunikation in Deutschland aus? Wird es den gläsernen Abgeordneten geben, gewinnt die Europäische Union mehr Macht, können sich die traditionellen Leitmedien behaupten? Welche Chancen haben neue Parteien? Wird der Schlüssel zu politischen Karrieren das Internet? Wer schreibt und beeinflusst unsere Gesetze im Jahr 2030? Die Delphi-Studie geht diesen und weiteren Fragen mit einem innovativen Forschungsdesign nach. Über 100 Politiker unter 45 Jahren aus Parlamenten, Ministerien und Parteizentralen haben Schlüsselthesen zur Zukunft der politischen Kommunikation und Gesetzgebung bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung haben die Politiker erneut als Experten bewertet und kommentiert. Dieser Band stellt die Ergebnisse systematisch dar und diskutiert die Szenarien einer Politikergeneration, die in den nächsten Jahrzehnten die politische Verantwortung übernimmt.

Penurunan angka kemiskinan telah menjadi salah satu  fokus utama negara Indonesia. Naik turunnya angka kemiskinan disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor baik secara makro, meso, maupun mikro. Sebagai langkah awal untuk menurunkan angka kemiskinan adalah dengan menemukan apa saja faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan serta menemukan strategi yang menghasilkan alternatif solusi yang bersifat berkelanjutan. Pada penelitian kali ini akan diangkat Provinsi Jawa Tengah sebagai wilayah studi karena memiliki riwayat penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin tertinggi nasional sebanyak 2 kali. Dalam penelitian kali ini akan menjadikan persentase penduduk miskin sebagai variabel terikat dengan variabel bebasnya adalah indeks pembangunan manusia, indeks kedalaman kemiskinan, indeks keparahan kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, upah minimum kabupaten/kota, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, dan garis kemiskinan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Akan digunakan metode tabulasi silang, trendline, regresi linier berganda, dan delphi yang akan menghasilkan alternatif rencana tepat sasaran, efektif, dan efisien dengan sebelumnya melihat bagaimana hubungan antara variabel terikat dan variabel bebas yang digunakan, peramalan, serta kecenderungan variabel terikat di masa mendatang.

Delphi Tekniği, 1950'lerin başında A.B.D ' de senaryo analizlerini geliştiren Rand Corporation tarafından geliştirilmiş bir karar verme ve uzlaşma tekniğidir. Bu teknik, geleceğe ilişkin tahminler yapmada kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Anketler aracılığı ile yapılır. Organizasyonda bir sorunun çözümü için uzman kişilerin yüz yüze görüşmeler ve bir arada tartışmalar yapmadan bir konu hakkında karar vermelerine ve uzlaşmalarına imkan sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Katılımda Gizlilik, Grup Tepkisinin İstatistiksel Analizi ve Kontrollü Geri Beslenme olmak üzere 3 önemli özelliği vardır. Katılımda Gizlilik, araştırma süresince öne sürülen düşüncelerin kime ait olduğunun gizli tutulduğu anlamına gelir. Bu özellikte bireylerden çok fikirler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Grup Tepkisinin İstatistiksel Analizi, her bir Delphi Anketi'nin uygulandıktan sonra istatistiksel olarak analiz edildiği anlamına gelir. Bu analizlerde kullanılan istatistiklerin neyi ifade ettiği katılımcılar tarafından iyi bilinmelidir. Kontrollü Geri Beslenme, anketlerin istatistiksel analizi yapıldıktan sonra sonuçlarının bir sonraki anketle birlikte katılımcılara iletildiği anlamına gelir. Bu şekilde bireyler düşüncelerini, kendilerine iletilen sonuçlarla, farklı görüş ve yaklaşımlarla karşılaştırarak yeniden gözden geçirirler.
    Teknik, Karar Vericiler, Danışman Heyeti ve Anketi Cevaplandıranlar olarak 3 gruba hitap etmektedir. Delphi Tekniği;  pazar araştırması, standartların oluşturulması, kurum ve kuruluşların belirlenmesi, ihtiyaç analizi... gibi alanlarda uygulanmaktadır.

ABSTRACT:
    Delphi Technique, in the early 1950s in the United States developed a scenario analysis by the Rand Corporation is an improved decision-making and negotiation techniques. This technique is used to make estimates of future method. Surveys are made via. For the solution of a problem in the organization of experts and a combination of face to face meetings to make decisions about a subject without debate and compromise is a method which allows for. Contributions Privacy, Statistical Analysis and Control of Response Group including Back Nutrition has three important features. Contributions Privacy, ideas put forward during the study be kept confidential means that it belongs to. This feature has come to the fore many ideas from individuals. Statistical Analysis of Group Response, after each administration of the questionnaire Delphi means statistically analyzed. Of the statistics used in this analysis expresses what should be well known by the participants. Back Nutrition controlled, after statistical analysis of survey results to participants with the next survey means. In this way individuals thoughts, with the results communicated to them, comparing them with different views and approaches are reconsidered.
    Technical, Decision Makers, Consultant and Board of Survey Respond to appeal to those who are 3 groups. Delphi Technique; market research, the creation of standards, identification of institutions and organizations, in areas such as needs analysis is applied.

Literary and epigraphic sources account for many actions of maintenance and restoration of monuments in the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi, in order to allow a regular cult practice and the organization of the Pythic contest every four years. Many different reasons led to the degradation of monuments: birds, earthquakes, sometimes the lack of care, use, but also damage due to the action of water. The question of maintenance and restoration of these monuments is closely related to the ways environmental constraints were considered in construction and to the management of water in the sanctuary by the Amphictyonic League. This paper presents a brief inventory of the archaeological remains, namely those dating from the great period of reconstruction in the sanctuary in the 4th century, which bear witness of different reparations, and will try to clarify their context.

A. Perrier, « L’entretien et la restauration des monuments à Delphes dans l’Antiquité », dans Ch. Davoine, A. d’Harcourt et M. L’Héritier (éd.), Sarta Tecta. De l’entretien à la conservation des édifices. Antiquité, Moyen Âge, début de la période moderne, Presses Universitaires de Provence, Aix-Marseille (2019), p. 97-112.

How will foresight practice evolve into the next decade and beyond? How might its supply and demand factors self-organize? In 2012 a real-time Delphi study, entitled, “The Certification of Professional Futurists 2030,” was conducted among 142 experts from 29 countries to debate the forces that might diminish or enhance futures work. The study consisted of 14 projections out to the year 2030, ranging from whether the global futures field might “employ a viable form of certification for professional futurists,” to whether it might “share a common accepted understanding of futures assumptions, theory, methods, knowledge, and ethics.” Panelists identified themselves with various futures associations. This article presents the findings, including where there is dissent and consensus in the futures field over the likelihood, impact and desirability of the professionalization of its practice. Further scale development using factor analysis, ordered by the theory of competitive advantage, produced a scenario model of three market forces: assimilation, academicisation, or certification. The third force of professional certification by 2030 was deemed least likely and less desirable. This wide ranging survey therefore offers the futures field a common conversation protocol to rethink how it might redesign its value chain and differentiate itself against other professions.

It is known from ancient sources that “laurel”, identified with sweet bay, was used at the ancient Greek oracle of Delphi. The Pythia, the priestess who spoke the prophecies, purportedly used “laurel” as a means to inspire her divine frenzy. However, the clinical symptoms of the Pythia, as described in ancient sources, cannot be attributed to the use of sweet bay, which is harmless. A review of contemporary toxicological literature indicates that it is oleander (bitter bay) that causes symptoms similar to those of the Pythia, while a closer examination of ancient literary texts indicates that oleander was often included under the generic term “laurel”. It is therefore likely that the “laurel” of Delphi actually concerned oleander, and that it was oleander, not sweet bay, that the Pythia used before the oracular procedure. This explanation could also shed light on other ancient accounts regarding the alleged “spirit” and the “chasm” of Delphi, accounts that have been the subject of intense debate and interdisciplinary research for the last one hundred years.

A great number of Greek oracular cults focused on caves, notwithstanding the divergent nature of the divine patrons of these cults. The fundamental reason for locating prophetic activities in caves was the need of the gods' mediums to attain divine inspiration, that is, to alter their state of consciousness. For the purposes of divination the Greeks used at least two methods. The easiest and universally practiced technique was sensory deprivation. Modern research demonstrates that reduction of external stimuli leads to dream-like states, involving release of internal imagery. In the geographic setting of Greece, caverns and grottos provide an easy way to achieve total or near total isolation. The second technique was based on special geological conditions, namely, a source of poisonous gas having euphoriant or psychotropic effect. The psychotropic or, in the opinion of the Greeks, numinous quality of the caves was common knowledge to such a degree that the association of seers and prophets with caves became universal.

Qualitative research provides many methodological tools for understanding deeper meanings associated with complex phenomena and processes (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005). Qualitative research is thus regularly used, alongside quantitative and mixed methods, in the context of community-based research (Miles & Huberman, 1994). Qualitative methods provide community researchers and practitioners with tools that encourage community member participation and voice in addressing and understanding community strengths, histories, and challenges (Johnson, 2006; Minkler, 2005). One of the qualitative methods useful for promoting community participation in research is the Delphi method. The qualitative version of the Delphi is a flexible research method grounded in pragmatism and structured participation (Dalkey & Helmer, 1963). The Delphi method was developed to provide a structured mechanism to attain insights and perspectives from people with a specific expertise on a topic or issue in order to inform decision-making about policy and practice (Dalkey & Helmer, 1963). The Delphi method utilizes structured anonymous communication between experts in order to gather consensus perspectives about an issue or topic that can then be translated or used to inform decision-making about a specific issue or within a specific context (Birdsall, 2004; Dalkey & Helmer, 1963). Since the aim of community-based research is to generate knowledge that can directly improve community systems and the lives of residents through involving community members and stakeholders to some degree in the research process, the qualitative Delphi method is an essential tool for community researchers.

Si descrive una variante metodologica della tradizionale tecnica Delphi, ideata e utilizzata dall'Autore, ai fini della realizzazione dell'indagine Roma Sport 2020, che consiste in uno studio sul ruolo dello sport in un moderno contesto urbano ai fini della produzione di benessere e
coesione sociale. Viene presentato il corredo euristico di questo particolare Delphi, gli elementi che compongono il processo di indagine e la tipologia dei risultati attesi. La tecnica Delphi si è configurata come uno strumento di ricerca particolarmente flessibile ed efficace rispetto allo scopo dell'indagine Roma Sport 2020: la costruzione di uno scenario di politiche sociali volte alla promozione dell'attività fisico-sportiva e dei valori positivi dello sport. [ISSN: 1125-1891];

pada kesempatan ini, alhamdullilah saja telah menyelesaikan pembuatan modul dephi 7 yang sebenarnya merupakan tugas dari dosen. tetapi efeknya untuk semua orang, disini saya membagi perbagian-bagian yaitu mulai dari pembuatan database, triggers dan desain didelphi 7  sampai melakukan transaksi dan mencetak hasil transaksinya, wah lumayan untuk referensi modul ini, buat yang baru mengenal delphi 7 semangat belajarnya, jangan menyerah karena delphi 7 itu sangat mudah semudah PES 2015 (anggap saja delphi 7 mainan). semoga ilmunya menjadi bermanfaat, dan tak lupa diakhir modul ini sudah saya sisipkan link download project aplikasi pembelian sederhana ini lengkap dan sudah saja modifikasi sehingga tampilanya memenuhi user friendly (kaya' tahu aja user friendly apa). salam kenal untuk semua saudara ku khusus yang melihat/membaca/mendownload modul ini (itu kurang baik apa saya hanya melihat modul ini sudah jadi saudara), simpan baik-baik modul ini jangan sampai hilang. ingat ilmu itu luas, seluas samudra ini adalah setetesnya ilmu. maka jangan sungkan untuk berbagi ilmu. sapa juga buat dosen yang memberi tugas ini, maaf tidak disebutkan namanya.

Apollo, the most greek of all gods - even though he has his roots in western Asia Minor - can to a high degree be associated with the political, economic and cultural climax of the Ionian metropolis of Miletos in the 7th and 6th centuries BC. In two forms of his appearance the bi-polarity of the Milesian state religion is manifested. Apollo Delphinios, who displayed not only Greek, but also Cretan-Mycenaean as well as Hattic-Hittite traits, was the political god, the founder of the state and its future protector. Apollo Delphinios was worshipped in the heart of the city, in the Delphinion located in the agora. This was the place of citizen initiation, the location of the prytaneion, the original household with the sacred hearth and the seat of government of Miletos - all merged into one. The other Apollo, Apollo Didymeus, was the god of the oracle indigenous to Didyma and located 18 kilometers from Miletos. The spatial and imaginary fusion of both cults culminated in the ritual of the Milesian New Year festivities. Sacrificial offerings formed the beginning and end of the ritual in the Delphinion and Didyma and they were firmly connected to one another by a long state procession. As a result Didyma was part of the Milesian state and Apollo Didymeus became a 'Milesios', a "Milesian".
From a functional viewpoint Delphinios and Didymeus Milesios formed a complementary cultic couple, which can be considered specifically Milesian. This cultic couple sanctioned the Milesian colonisation in the Propontis and in the Black Sea regions, both highly successful ventures and in direct competition with the colonisation efforts of the closely related pan-Hellenic Apollo Pythios oracle in Delphi. Evidence of this is apparent from literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources concerning, for example, Borythenes-Olbie Polis, Kyzikos, Apollonia at Rhyndakos and Phasis.
Naukratis in the Nile delta constitutes a special and particularly complicated case as a colony. It cannot be described as a typical Milesian colony, even though ancient sources repeatedly attempted to do this, and even though the sanctuary of Apollo Didymeus Milesios in Naukratis actually dates back to the beginnings of the colony. It was here that both the oracle gods Apollo Didymeus from Miletos-Didyma and Apollo Pythios from Delphi encountered one another at the time when the pan-Hellenic polis of Naukratis, and the trading colony which belonged to it, were founded. This probably happened during the reign of the Pharaoh Amasis and with the approval of Delphi.

The Oracle of Delphi - Nestled into a rock faced mountainous hillside beneath two white-stained limestone cliffs on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus, the ancient city of Delphi appears to have had its modest beginnings around 1400 BC as a small village. According to Greek myth and legend, Mount Parnassus was the “omphalos” of the earth, which translates effectively as the “center” of the earth. One of the relics uncovered at Delphi is the conical stone that supposedly marked the center of the world. According to tradition, Zeus had set two eagles to fly toward the center of the world, one from the east and one from the west. The conical stone was placed where the two eagles met. Omphalos is the Greek word for “navel.” It is believed that prior to the arrival of the Greeks “mother earth” was worshiped as a deity. Gaia, mother earth, appears to have been the the first cult worshiped in the region of Delphi. Archaeological excavations have unearthed terracotta statuettes of the female form dating from the Mycenaean Age (1900 to 1100 BC).
In Greek mythology, Mount Parnassus was the battleground between Apollo and the monster Python. According to the myth, the goddess Gaia had set the Python at Mount Parnassus to guard the omphalos. Gaia was more of a primordial force that personified Earth than a goddess. Gaia was the great mother of all: the heavenly gods, the Titans and the Giants were born from her union with Uranus (the sky), while the sea-gods were born from her union with Pontus (the sea). According to legend, Apollo, slew the serpent Python with his first arrow as an infant. Because of this act, Apollo was forced to flee and spent eight years at menial labor. (ll. 300-310) But nearby was a sweet flowing spring, and there with his strong bow the lord, the son of Zeus, killed the bloated, great she-dragon, a fierce monster wont to do great mischief to men upon earth, to men themselves and to their thin- shanked sheep; for she was a very bloody plague
Near Delphi, where the stream Pleistos joined the sea, a large settlement named Kirrha dates back to the Early Helladic period (2800 to 2100 BC). Inland, during the Middle Helladic period, an acropolis was built at the site of Crisa (2100 to 1550 BC). Gaia was the first cult worshiped in the area. Excavations have unearthed terracotta statuettes of the female form dating from the Mycenaean Age (1900 to 1100 BC. The land at Delphi was unsuitable for cultivation, so it would seem that Delphi, situated on the major east-west route through Greece, must have been from the start a site of a temple of worship.

Surprisingly, the interaction between Milesian and Megarian colonisation in the 7th/6th centuries BCE has rarely been addressed. Krister Hanell, in his comparative study on Megara and her colonies, published in 1934, already came to the conclusion that Megara and Miletos had built up a “Kolonisationsbündnis”, a “colonisation alliance” (HANELL, Studien, p. 135). During the 1999 conference on “Early Ionia”, the late Yuri Vinogradov delivered a paper entitled: “Milet und Megara erschließen den Pontos Euxeinos”. There he re-interpreted an important, but seldom addressed Milesian inscription (I.Milet 732), an epigram referring to a war of Archaic times in which both Miletos and Megara were involved. He revived Hanell’s observation and assumed that there were coordinated ventures by both metropoleis which he detected in the mixed Ionian-Dorian onomastics in Chersonasos and her mother city Herakleia Pontika, herself a colony of Megara. Both scholars’ hypothesis was met mostly with skepticism, but there have since been some voices in favour of their opinion.
This paper aims at comparing crucial elements of Megarian and Milesian colonisation of the Propontis and Black Sea to show that in the seventh/sixth century BCE these two cities indeed acted in accordance with each other, to control access to a region that was rich in resources. This close relationship between a ‘Dorian’ and an ‘Ionian’ city is surprising. But it can be shown that both poleis shared important elements of their religious and political structures, making cooperation possible. First of all, both acted under the leadership and sanction of an Apollo oracle: Megara cooperated with that of Delphi, while Miletos had her own, that of Apollo Didymeus Milesios in Didyma. Furthermore, there are striking parallels in their political organisation; for instance the basileus, ‘king’, a remnant of the basileis ruling in Protogeometric and Geometric times, and a board of proaisimnatas/proaisimnon and aisimnatai (Megara), or aisymnetes and proshetairoi (Miletos), functioning as prytaneis of both cities’ oligarchic governments. In light of the appearance of these magistracies in the Megarian and Milesian colonies of the seventh/sixth centuries BCE, the existence of these offices can be presumed in the mother cities already before 700 BCE.
The striking resemblance between Megara and Miletos hints at the existence of xenia relationships between the leading aristocratic families. Concerted mythopoiesis played a prominent role in this process: the elites of both city states were able to strengthen their contacts via interconnected kinship myths, which even took into account a common pre-Greek, Karian-Lelegian past. Additionally, Herakles and the Argonauts are recorded as visiting or founding Megarian (Byzantion, Herakleia Pontika) as well as Milesian (Kyzikos, Kios, Sinope) colonies, and thus both colonisation partners became followers of Herakles, Jason, and other paradigmatic Greek discoverer heroes that manned the ship Argo. The function of the Argonautika as a charter myth becomes evident here.
The background to all of this may have been Megara’s and Miletos’ joint participation in the Eretrian coalition against Chalkis and her allies during the ‘Lelantine War’ of around 700 BCE, the first pan-Greek war, which resulted in an amazing boom of both Megara and Miletos in the 7th century. The subsequent colonisation of the Propontis and the Pontos was from a strategic point of view only possible, because Gyges’ Lydia, which was the main land power of central Asia Minor from ca 680 BCE and holding the former Phrygian key site Daskyleion/Hisartepe, permitted this expansion.