Dilemmas

Hybrid forms of peace represent a juxtaposition between international norms and interests and
local forms of agency and identity. A first stage may be tense forms of hybrid politics that maintain
structural violence, fail to resolve the contradictions between local and international norms,
and reflect the outsourcing of colonial style rule. This could be characterised as, or lead to, a
negative form of hybrid peace. A positive form of hybrid peace would have the advantage of
having resolved such contradictions through active rather than passive everyday agency. This
article examines this range of dilemmas surrounding debates about hybrid peace.

This paper explores the nature of inevitably pursuing dilemma experienced by self-reflective consciousness.  Awareness of  "self" can never be  free from the sense of "bad form" , as long as it adheres to the notion of "good form", only achieved as an individual separated from other pathetic and disgraceful incompletenesses. The cause of Captain Hook's melancholia, most dreadful curse cast on men.

Please refer to the page below.  May be, you can translate the text into your own language easier.
http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~mac-kuro/anti/9_hook.htm

Following the break up of the Former Soviet Union , the fifteen  post soviet states  emerged as independent nations  spliting  off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  in December 1991. They were also referred to as the Newly Independent States (NIS) even though  the Baltic states following their separation from the Soviet Union, felt they had been able to regain their  sovereignty, that they enjoyed before the  Second World War began.

It has to be borne in mind that these  fifteen  post-Soviet states historically  possess  different  common set of traits,not only due to their to geographic al location and cultural factors  but also with regard to their  region's historical relations with  Russia.
Though in the aftermath of their emergence,most of these  new post Soviet states set upon their  transition to a market economy  and made valiant efforts for  rebuilding  and restructuring of their  economies, they could not achieve very positive results to lessen the economic hardship of their respective population. The transition process  not only brought down the  Gross Domestic Product (GDP) but itw as felt to be a much more intense one  which threatened to take these countries to the brink of socio economic collapse as in keeping with the principles of market economy, the public  spending on health, education and other social programmes,had to be dramatically reduced ,which also led to a sharp increase in the poverty ratio within these countries .
It is now seen that another element has affected  the politics of some post-Soviet States ,forcing these countries to be in a political transition mode as several of these post-Soviet states are now experiencing changes in their inherited political leadership since their independence,with the traditional leaders now not only being proved corrupt and inept resulting in their overthrow by their population putting an end to the issue of dynastical succession and personality cult  around them as was being sought to be perpetuated by these leaders. This has also resulted in some kind of political instability which has endangered the newly established democratic governance structure  but also in the slowing down of economic growth,howsoever low it may be.

Besides these countries have also experienced territorial claims often leading to military conflicts ,which is another disturbing trend.Most important of them is the Chechnya, where separatists are demanding  independence from Russia and Nagorno-Karabakh,insisting on de facto separation from  Azerbaijan. The security situation has become worse  with continuing conflicts between the separatists and the federalists .Besides these separatist movements, there are also greater demands for higher level of autonomy from within the existing regions. The separatist conflicts are still labelled as "Frozen conflicts" though  mass bloodshed has almost stopped yet  there remains the grater danger since these  sentiments and opinions are now being  passed onto  new generations in a mobilizational mode aimed at securing the fulfilment of their demand in the future..

These countries have also witnessed Civil wars twice in the region,i.e., the Georgian Civil War between the forces of Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Eduard Shevardnadze,which ended after the intervention of the Russian forces  and  the Tajikistan Civil War between 1992 and 1997apart from the aforesaid separatist movements,which has made the existing security scenario more complicated as the fear of further civil wars loom large in the regions with the unresolved question of nationalities vis vis the presence of  large Russian population in post-Soviet states ,whose political position as an ethnic minority is of varied nature  from country to country beside the claims to make Russian the official language in these countries  since the language has lost its official status in some  post-Soviet states since  the dissolution of the former Soviet Union.

After the so called collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of Islamic movements alongside ethnic and secular ones has further raised stakes for the national security in these countries.The increased mobilisation,Islamists are now seeking to use Islam to act  as a symbol of identity for the followers of this faith, a potent and actual force for mobilization and a pressure for changes in the peoples lives, often at great stress to the political system.

In my proposed paper I have examined these challenges in greater detail and analysed  the various socio economic and security dilemmas that have to be considered for mapping the future of  the conflict ridden post soviet states in Central Asia and in the redrawing of the security map of the region

Dr Biswajit Mohapatra
North-Eastern Hill University,Shillong

This paper discussed the significant role of an antihero played by  King Haggard in The Last Unicorn as reflecting modern intelligent mind's hopeless isolation out of the integral coordination of universe.

Please refer to the page below. May be, you can translate the text into your own language easier.
http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~mac-kuro/anti/12_stoist.htm

El presente artículo pretende hacer un planteamiento inicial referido a la utilidad de la bioética como una alternativa que puede ser tenida en cuenta en la construcción de la política criminal, al considerar además la biojurídica como herramienta para la resolución de dilemas en el Derecho Penal. En adición, se proponen relaciones y puntos de encuentro estratégicos con la Bioética, el Bioderecho y la Biopolítica que pueden ayudar a los funcionarios públicos en la toma de decisiones en defensa de las libertades fundamentales, con apoyo en los principios bioéticos cuyo contenido es similar al de los derechos humanos. La metodología empleada es hermenéutica propositiva que, a partir de la revisión de algunos conceptos provenientes de la literatura bioética y penal, propondrá la biojurídica como herramienta útil para ampliar los criterios auxiliares de creación, actualización e interpretación del derecho criminal, acorde a la realidad globalizada.

The 1970s saw growing assertions that state intervention was failing and that the state itself was in crisis. In the 1980s the dominant neo-liberal response in Britain to this alleged crisis largely involved turning to the market and, to a lesser extent, community or family self-help. Successive Thatcher and Major governments promoted privatization, liberalization, de-regulation, the use of market proxies in the residual state sector, cuts in direct taxes to enhance consumer choice, and internationalization to promote capital mobility and the transfer of technology and 'know-how'. They also advocated an enterprise culture and popular capitalism to make civil society more market-friendly. This project was intended to re-equip Britain with a liberal, night-watchman state with progressively smaller and more balanced budgets and thereby boost this slimmed-down state's capacity to perform its remaining core functions. However, while this neo-liberal programme was still being pursued and, indeed, intensified, it also became apparent that the turn to the market had not delivered all that had been promised. Market failures and inadequacies had not been eliminated yet an explicit return to the state was ideologically and politically unacceptable. Thus, as early as the 1980s, one could discern increasing government interest at all levels in how public-private partnerships and similar forms of governance might contribute to public policy and purposes. This alternative to marketization was steadily reinforced during the Conservative years and is likely to become yet stronger under 'New Labour' with its declared commitment to a 'stakeholding society'. The expansion of governance is not meant to return Britain to a discredited corporatism (let alone a tripartite corporatism with the active involvement of organized labour) but, rather, to address real limitations of the market, state, and mixed economy as means of dealing with various complex economic, political, and social issues. One area where a turn to governance has been popular is local economic and social development and it is this that provides the empirical focus of the following theoretical reflections on the various ways in which coordination mechanisms can fail and how tendencies to failure may themselves be governed.

The psychological correlates of utilitarian choices in sacrificial moral dilemmas are contentious. In the literature, some research (Greene, et al., 2001) suggested that utilitarianism requires analytic thinking while other research (Kahane et al., 2015) showed that utilitarianism is correlated with psychopathy. In the present research, we looked at the relation of several normative views with analytic cognitive style (ACS), psychopathy and real-world utilitarianism in three Turkish samples. In Study 1 (n = 269), we used four ethical dilemmas and asked participants to select one normative principle as the grounds for their judgment in the dilemma: fatalism, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, deontology and amoralism. The results showed that the majority selected the deontological principle. Additionally, there was a considerable amount of fatalistic and virtue ethical justifications. Utilitarianism and psychopathy had a significant positive correlation. In Study 2 (n = 246), we replicat...

This paper is a narrative of my personal experiences of conducting action research in Kenyan primary schools. It highlights the opportunities, successes, challenges and dilemmas I encountered during the process: from the school hunting period, to the carrying out of the actual research in two schools, with four teachers. This study reveals that although it may be challenging to conduct action research in schools/classrooms due to the stakeholders’ perceptions and attitudes about teaching and learning in an exam oriented context, the researcher’s disposition in terms of how he/she relates and interacts with participants may, to some extent, determine the level of a study’s success.

L’intelligenza artificiale produce una forma di conoscenza attiva che di fatto orienta e definisce la condizione spaziale e temporale della vita collettiva e individuale. È sul piano dei processi e delle qualità delle interazioni che si definiscono le caratteristiche dei modelli organizzativi; sul peso dei componenti che si orienta la governance dello sviluppo urbano. Il contributo illustra gli esiti della ricerca “Soluzioni SCC per i Positive Energy Districts”, un progetto di collaborazione tra Sapienza, Università di Roma e ENEA, più che mai urgenti nell’affrontare la transizione multipla a scala urbana.

Although female entrepreneurship is more frequently considered a key driver in economic growth and development, there is a gap in our understanding of the actual challenges and dilemmas that are faced and overcome by successful women entrepreneurs. Research in this field is lacking, often highly academic and does not contribute to practical/systemic or policy changes to support women’s entrepreneurship development. The purpose of this paper is to provide preliminary findings from a pilot study exploring the critical dilemmas and enablers for success faced by women entrepreneurs. Using a dilemma theory orientation, entrepreneurial success was investigated in terms of how respondents reconcile the competing demands between core stakeholders. Through our collaborative approach to the research, we were able to test existing models of entrepreneurship and also generate new insights for further investigation. It seems that women have a ‘gestalt’ view on the world, which enables them to id...

In this paper, the ethical and spiritual aspects of the trolley problem are discussed in connection with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. First, I show that the dropping of atomic bombs was a typical example of the events that contained the logic of the trolley problems in their decision-making processes and justifications. Second, I discuss five aspects of " the problem of the trolley problem; " that is to say, " Rarity, " " Inevitability, " " Safety Zone, " " Possibility of Becoming a Victim, " and " Lack of Perspective of the Dead Victims Who Were Deprived of Freedom of Choice, " in detail. Third, I argue that those who talk about the trolley problem are automatically placed in the sphere of the expectation of response on the spiritual level. I hope that my contribution will shed light on the trolley problem from a very different angle, which has not been made by our fellow philosophers.

El presente artículo pretende hacer un planteamiento inicial referido a la utilidad de la bioética como una alternativa que puede ser tenida en cuenta en la construcción de la política criminal, al considerar además la biojurídica como herramienta para la resolución de dilemas en el Derecho Penal. En adición, se proponen relaciones y puntos de encuentro estratégicos con la Bioética, el Bioderecho y la Biopolítica que pueden ayudar a los funcionarios públicos en la toma de decisiones en defensa de las libertades fundamentales, con apoyo en los principios bioéticos cuyo contenido es similar al de los derechos humanos. La metodología empleada es hermenéutica propositiva que, a partir de la revisión de algunos conceptos provenientes de la literatura bioética y penal, propondrá la biojurídica como herramienta útil para ampliar los criterios auxiliares de creación, actualización e interpretación del derecho criminal, acorde a la realidad globalizada.

Critical situations are situations where a complementarity between technical and non-technical skills is crucial. Several critical dimensions characterize them. In order to train for such situations, simulation systems have to be able to generate scenarios where these dimensions are present in order to solicit one or several non-technical skills. In this paper we focus on one particular critical dimension which is the " Dilemma ". We present our approach for dynamically generating dilemma-based situations using activity and causality models.

The adequate balancing of conflicting rights constitutes an essential task of political ethics. This paper proposes a fundamental rule that may govern this balancing procedure. The rationale of this rule is explored and specifications of its parameters are investigated by discussing various scenarios of conflict, in particular decisions of life and death. However, a certain type of choice situation seems not to allow for a stable solution within this theoretical framework, displaying the phenomenon of ‘ethical oscillation’ in which legitimacy and illegitimacy of the actions considered constantly alternate.

This study aims to examine the perceptions of the middle management (deans and heads of departments) and academicians on the dilemma order versus freedom at faculty management. It discusses how this dilemma is seen at an operational level and how it can be managed at university where both parties -with a managerial role or not- are academicians/academics and have professional expertise. The literature on organizational dilemmas was analyzed to answer the questions “which side of the dilemma is seen dominantly in different organization types?”, “how does examining organizational structures from different perspectives help understand educational organizations?” and “in that way how can dilemmas be managed in educational contexts especially in the academic context?” The major findings include the tendency to one side of the dilemma in different perspectives to organizational structure creates problems in the organizational management. However, balancing the order or freedom dilemma at ...

Even within a given cultural context, the practice of leadership in organisations appears to be extremely resistant to over-simplistic generalisations. A recent and in-depth exploration of nineteen French corporate leaders’ beliefs and assumptions about leadership illustrates the highly contextual and multifaceted nature of leadership practice. By shedding light on the variety of French corporate leaders’ beliefs about the nature and impact of leadership on organisational performance and society, this article confirms the relevance of a constructivism approach to the study of leadership practice. It also suggests that the respondents’ capacity to deeply reflect on leadership practice and responsibilities may be the one true commonality among today’s successful corporate leaders. Therefore, this article provides further ground for business educators to encourage management students and trainees to become reflective practitioners by means of an education about leadership rather than (...

This study aims to examine the perceptions of the middle management (deans and heads of departments) and academicians on the dilemma order versus freedom at faculty management. It discusses how this dilemma is seen at an operational level and how it can be managed at university where both parties-with a managerial role or not-are academicians/academics and have professional expertise. The literature on organizational dilemmas was analyzed to answer the questions " which side of the dilemma is seen dominantly in different organization types? " , " how does examining organizational structures from different perspectives help understand educational organizations? " and " in that way how can dilemmas be managed in educational contexts especially in the academic context? " The major findings include the tendency to one side of the dilemma in different perspectives to organizational structure creates problems in the organizational management. However, balancing the order or freedom dilemma at an operational level improves effectiveness. Balancing dilemmas at faculty management is specifically difficult due to differing perceptions of academicians and the management. It needs the effective usage of other instruments in organizational life. The dynamics of organizational structures and processes in Higher Education (HE) institutions are growing attention due to the growing importance of HE institutions worldwide. Research on how effectively the operating core itself at HE institutions is managed is becoming more important in the field. This study explores the problems in the management of faculty at an operational level based on dilemmas between academicians and the middle management. 1. Introduction Higher Education (HE) management and the dynamics of organizational processes in HE institutions are growing attention due to the growing importance of HE institutions worldwide. Dilemmas seen in university management processes can create problems among academicians and managers between upper-lower levels, in organizational culture and climate. They can prevent the organization to achieve its goals effectively. Similarly, those problems can occur between organizations and/or between the organization and its sub-organizations. Since research on how effectively academicians at HE institutions are managed is becoming more important in the field, this study explores the problems in the management of academicians at an operational level based on dilemmas between academicians and the middle management. The middle management includes department heads and deans who strive towards handling many challenges due to the impact of their strategic position.

Even within a given cultural context, the practice of leadership in organisations appears to be extremely
resistant to over-simplistic generalisations. A recent and in-depth exploration of nineteen French
corporate leaders’ beliefs and assumptions about leadership illustrates the highly contextual and
multifaceted nature of leadership practice. By shedding light on the variety of French corporate leaders’
beliefs about the nature and impact of leadership on organisational performance and society, this article
confirms the relevance of a constructivism approach to the study of leadership practice. It also suggests
that the respondents’ capacity to deeply reflect on leadership practice and responsibilities may be the
one true commonality among today’s successful corporate leaders. Therefore, this article provides
further ground for business educators to encourage management students and trainees to become
reflective practitioners by means of an education about leadership rather than (tentatively) for
leadership.

This study aims to examine the perceptions of the middle management (deans and heads of departments) and academicians on the dilemma order versus freedom at faculty management. It discusses how this dilemma is seen at an operational level and how it can be managed at university where both parties-with a managerial role or not-are academicians/academics and have professional expertise. The literature on organizational dilemmas was analyzed to answer the questions " which side of the dilemma is seen dominantly in different organization types? " , " how does examining organizational structures from different perspectives help understand educational organizations? " and " in that way how can dilemmas be managed in educational contexts especially in the academic context? " The major findings include the tendency to one side of the dilemma in different perspectives to organizational structure creates problems in the organizational management. However, balanci...

Résumé

Nous abordons les rapports complexes entre, d’une part, la relation filiale et conjugale et, d’autre part, la prise en charge familiale de la maladie d’Alzheimer à un stade avancé. Nous montrerons que dans certaines situations, la maladie bouleverse autant l’expérience relationnelle que la relation familiale oriente et encadre les modalités d’exercice des activités d’aide et les décisions de la vie quotidienne. Afin de mettre en évidence cette double dynamique, nous retenons trois dilemmes auxquels sont régulièrement confrontés les proches des malades, et qui interpellent tout particulièrement l’expérience de la relation familiale en contexte de maladie et de fin de vie. Il s’agit de l’exercice de la toilette et des soins personnels, du recours aux structures d’hébergement et, enfin, de l’intervention dans la vie privée du malade. Ces analyses, fondées sur l’analyse qualitative d’une vingtaine de monographies réalisées dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat (Miceli, 2013), contribuent à éclairer le « travail relationnel » dans lequel s’engagent de très nombreux proches, conjoints et enfants, de personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer ou apparentée.

//

Abstract
Title : Relational Challenges of Alzheimer’s Disease: Orientations for Care and for Transforming Family Relationships

We examine the complex interconnections between, on one hand, filial and conjugal relationships and, on the other, the ways in which families deal with late-stage Alzheimer’s disease. We show that in certain situations, insofar as the disease disrupts how relationships are experienced, family relationships also orient and frame the manner in which support is provided and in which day-to-day decisions are made. To draw attention to this double dynamic, we selected three dilemmas that the loved ones of Alzheimer’s patients are regularly confronted with and that specifically address the experience of family relationships in illness and end-off-life situations: washing and personal hygiene, placement in extended care facilities, and intervention in the patient’s private affaires. These analyses, based on a qualitative assessment of some 20 monographs done as part of a doctoral thesis (Miceli, 2013), help shed light on the “relational work” undertaken by many partners, children, and loved ones of people suffering from Alzheimer’s or similar diseases.