English Language and Culture

The present paper, firstly, is going to deal with my translation of a short passage of The Taming of the Shrew into the present English. I would like to notice an interesting observation made by Crystal that rather than the term translation, it is better to use a term simplification. According to his point of view the simplification is when 'long speeches are reduced to one or two basic points, or long words replaced by contemporary slang'. Immediately after the translation I will analyze the language used by Shakespeare, paying particular attention to the usage of nouns, verbs, pronouns and puns, and afterwards, I am going to explain my translation choices.

Az új Basic English nyelvkönyvcsalád harmadik kötete. A jelen tankönyv - jóllehet szerves folytatását képezi az előzőeknek - bátran használható önállóan is. Az olvasó ebben főként a felsőfokon joggal elvárható szövegértés képességet fejlesztő gyakorlatokat, illetve kulturális háttérismeretekről / országismeretekről szóló anyagokat is bőven talál.

'The Power of Music!' Es una unidad didáctica diseñada para estudiantes hispanohablantes entre 15 y 17 años de edad, con un nivel de competencia en inglés B2 (según el MCER) y que tengan especial interés en aprender la variedad inglesa estadounidense. El tema de la música y su función social apelan a las motivaciones e intereses personales de los adolescentes, ya que es actual, globalizador y accesible para todos los jóvenes de hoy en día y al incorporar el aspecto de protesta y función social invita al pensamiento crítico y la reflexión sobre la música que se consume y distintos problemas de inclusión o discriminación que pueden ser de interés para alumnos dentro de este marco de edad en España u otros países hispanohablantes.

The paper discusses the literary osmosis between Arab culture and English
literature, more precisely it subtracts the issue of influencing and being
influenced between the writers in the two cultures. As it shows the influencing
on the Iraqi poet Badr Shaker Alsayab by the British poet T. S. Eliot, it also
shows the influencing on Lord Alfred Tennyson by the Arabian poet Imru al-
Qays. Many of Arab influences in the English literature are raised in this paper,
in poetry also it discusses the influencing on the father of English poetry
Geoffrey Chaucer by the Arabian Nights tales. In the novel, it discusses the
influencing on Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe by the novel of Ibn
Tufayl's Hayy Ibn Yaqzan. In drama it discusses the influencing of the famous
story in the Arab culture of the hero and beau Antar Bin Shadad on the great
poet and playwright William Shakespeare especially in his play Othello, more
comparisons are discussed in this paper. At the end of the study, we conclude
that the modern Arabic literature influenced by English literature, the English
literature is also influenced by the Arab literature in the middle ages. The
Arabian Nights was influential on many writers in the English literature. The
mainspring of the influence on English writers caused a renewal and
development of English literature. The translation movement helped to make the
Arab culture influential on the civilizations around, including the influencing on
the English literature. The Orientalists contributed to transfer the Arab Culture
to Europe via translation of the Arab literature to their languages, and more
.other results are mentioned in the conclusion of the paper based on the literature

Key Concepts of English Language and Linguistics is specifically aimed at Italian students of Foreign Languages degree courses. The book intends to be an introductory text that covers the core topics featuring in English Studies and Linguistics and, at the same time, provides the information and concepts that will enable students to understand more detailed and advanced treatments of both disciplines, should they pursue the fields further.
Key Concepts of English Language and Linguistics includes 10 chapters, each of which explores a different aspect peculiar to the English language.
The first chapter offers a straightforward introduction to the history of the English language as well as an outline of linguistics within the framework of its main theoretical models. Then follow a series of chapters dealing with the major aspects of linguistic study, starting with English phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics. The second part of the textbook is devoted to central aspects such as language varieties, the global nature of English, English for Specific Purposes and Academic English.
At the end of each chapter the students will find a set of review questions and, with the exception of the more discursive topics, a range of activities similar to those they are likely to be faced with while taking their exams.
A useful bibliography of suggested readings is provided at the end of the book for each chapter.

The current study examines the literature linked with the significance of culture in learning a second language .In the last few decades there has been considerable research on the role culture plays in language education. It is not possible to divorce cultural phenomenon from language instruction in modern times. The basic thesis of the study is that successful communication is not just about language ability but about cultural understanding as well. Thus, Language teaching has to focus not just on improving and enhancing communicative competence but cultural competence also has to be inculcated among the learners. The teaching of culture has the potential to create compassion and reverence among the learners toward diverse customs of the world. The integration of culture in language learning can promote cultural insightfulness and a broader outlook. Introduction When it comes to learning a second language, culture appears as a neglected aspect both in curriculum and pedagogy. Learners enter the Second Language class room with their own distinctive culture and it is important for them to get acquainted and even to acquire the culture of the second language to succeed at the new language. Since culture is embedded in the very language we speak, second language learning is connected with cultural acquisition at the very core.

This research applies an analysis of a woman character in Indonesian horror film, through deeply exploration of Setan Jamu Gendong movie. This horror film, that is concerned with female sexuality. Jamu seller character in Setan Jamu Gendong movie would be chosen to be the subject of this academic research, usually comparing their features with those of the stereotype. The data that is taken, show the jamu seller should be considered as protagonist characters. Nevertheless, she could express multiple functions. While this is a broad and concentrate on area of the research, work in it has been shaped by a pronounced emphasis upon semiotic and feminist theory, which the researchers think, has limited the field in analyzing. In defining these diverse constructs, the researchers expand this focus sexuality by drawing from critical theories of semiology to provide the details of the way that taken-for-granted ideas about normative female sexuality are articulated, and stereotyping in popu...

When seen through the prism of Romantic sensibility, the right to happiness theorized by Illuminists all over Europe and solemnly proclaimed on both sides of the Atlantic, from the United States of America's Declaration of Independence to the various Bills of Rights of the latter 1700s, becomes the personal drama of the 'misfit' (outsider), ostracized by society, denied integration and marginalized in the role of monster, a subhuman (thus) abominable being. Frankenstein's creature views happiness on the one hand as the chance of inclusion in society and on the other as the possibility of seeing himself reflected in his fellow human beings: in both cases validation and acceptance, while yearning to be seen as having rights despite his unprecedented condition beyond any norm. The rejection the creature suffers at the hands of society and even his own creator, Victor Frankenstein, triggering rage and the desire for revenge that will end in tragedy springs from his perception of an injustice suffered and a right (to happiness) denied.

1. Titlul: Halloween 2. Coordonatorul: Cioloș Adina 3. Data și locul desfăşurării: 22-31 octombrie 2018, localul școlii 4. Numărul și tipul activităţilor: Educație culturală 5. Durata: 1 săptămână 6. Grupul ţintă: elevii claselor V-VIII 7. Obiectivele :-să manifeste curiozitate faţă de tradiţii şi obiceiuri specifice spaţiului de cultură şi civilizaţie anglo-saxon-să se raporteze la elementele de cultură şi civilizaţie descoperite prin studiul limbii engleze, sesizând asemănări şi deosebiri faţă de cultura autohtonă-să își fructifice aptitudinile personale, să își dezvolte latura artistică și munca în echipă. 8. Resursele: elevi 9. Descriere: În cadrul orelor de limba engleză li s-a precizat elevilor faptul că Halloween nu este o sărbătoare românească și nici nu avem dorința de a o prelua doar de a o puncta la nivelul disciplinei.

An ongoing problem found in nearly all English as a Foreign Language (EFL) middle and high school classrooms throughout Japan is that of silent students.  With some well designed lessons and superb acting skills, EFL teachers may be able to coax some words out of their students, but these efforts are often short-lived and very tiresome to maintain.  If there was a way to stimulate from within each individual student the desire to speak, this could potentially solve this classroom problem with less burden placed on the EFL teacher.  The following research project explores this idea by designing interventions that target particular social factors that could be why Japanese students do not speak English in the classroom.  The social factor targeted in this article is that of Japanese high school students choosing not to speak English out of fear of making a mistake.  The intervention purposed to address this are lessons based around the concept of guessing.  Guessing is an intuitive act that speaks to the humanity in all of us and could also act as a safe place for these students to exist as they try to formulate the English they want to say.  This study had a group of 15 Japanese high school students, equally split between male and female, participate in four, three-hour lessons based around the act of guessing, over the course of a month.  Topics such as abstract objects and people the participants know were used to further understand the degree of comfort these participants have with guessing.  A mixed-method approach of gathering quantitative data through pre- and post-surveys and qualitative data through observation notes taken during the lesson and notes taken during focus groups following the lessons, was used to understand whether this intervention has a positive effect on participants speaking more in their EFL classes.  Data shows an overall increase in students speaking English during their EFL classes and an increase in positive attitudes towards English.

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world and its social and commercial value is high and widespread. Drinking coffee becomes some kind of a ritual and a favorite pastime activity for many societies. The word “coffee” is originated from the Arabic word qahwa, which later became kahve in Turkish language, and entered European languages after coffee is introduced to Europe from the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, especially in the 16th century, for the first time, Turkish people confronted with the coffee After that time, “Turkish coffee” began to be considered as a special kind of coffee due to the differences both in preparation and presentation. Considering the presentation, roasted coffee beans are boiled in a special pot named cezve in Turkish, usually with sugar, and served in a cup named fincan which is generally similar to an Italian espresso cup in size. In Britain, first coffeehouse was opened by Pasqua Rosée in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill, London whose real name was Paşa Rıza. After the introduction of coffee and the establishment of coffeehouses in Britain, the public gave a special meaning to Turkish coffee and coffeehouses as a means of socialization and education. Thus, coffeehouses served to illuminate British citizens for a long time. All in all, this study is aimed to analyse the interaction between British and Ottoman culture in relation to the introduction and negotiation of coffee and coffeehouses in the Ottoman and England.

Keywords: Ottoman culture, Turkish coffee, coffeehouses

Edward Morgan Forster’s short stories represent his first attempt as a writer and they permit to draw a comparison with his most famous novels. Forster almost always depicts an exotic scenery in which he transplants a small English community with its uses and customs as well as its inflexible convictions. Nature plays a primary role, first in surrounding silently its guests and then by upsetting the soul of the protagonists euphorically. The most striking thing is the fact that these stories raise a lot of questions and introduce the mystery in different ways.

Susanne Jung, Bouncing Back: Queer Resilience in Twentieth and Twenty-First Century English Literature and Culture

Review by Anna T., University of Art and Design Linz

Published in the British Society for Literature and Science, October 2, 2020.

Seminar accepted for the 2016 European Society for Study of English Conference. Galway (Ireland), Monday 22nd – Friday 26th August 2016. General submission policies may be seen at http://www.esse2016.org/ .  To submit a proposal to the Seminar Organisers please read attached CFP of Seminar.

Deadline of submission of paper proposals: February 28, 2016. Presenters will be notified that their papers have been accepted (or not) by March 31, 2016. 

Please note: Conference website being currently updated with list of panels and seminars accepted. Further details for both Conference and Seminar to follow soon. Meanwhile, RSVP if interested to both fsaggini@unitus.it and esoccio@unich.it.

This article presents the observational data on practical methods and techniques of teaching culture in the ESL and EFL classrooms. Every language is a part of culture. Awareness of FL culture should be viewed as an important component of EFL learning and teaching. Therefore, it is a necessity for teachers to include cultural components in EFL teaching to maximize students' learning.

This article presents the observational data on practical methods and techniques of teaching culture in the ESL and EFL classrooms. Every language is a part of culture. Awareness of FL culture should be viewed as an important component of EFL learning and teaching. Therefore, it is a necessity for teachers to include cultural components in EFL teaching to maximize students’ learning.

Even with the new Machine Translation (MT) platform available in Google today (Neural, as compared to the previous Statistical one in the previous years), the output is not always satisfactory. This is even more obvious in specific contexts and situations.  Research has shown that the implementation of rules for the process prior to and the one that follows the input activities into an MT (often referred to as the pre-editing and post editing process) has proven to be fruitful (Gerlach, et. al., 2013; Shei, 2002). However, to the best knowledge of the researcher, no research on pre-editing rules on Indonesian input into MT has been conducted. This research is significant because it might increase efficiency and effectiveness of MT, especially for the language pair Indonesian-English. For that reason, t his research intends to identify the pre-editing  rul es required to create a solid basis to translate Indonesian Source Text (ST) into English Target Text (TT).  This research adopts...

Because of his creativity, Kafka’s works have discussed and analyzed by the scholars for years. Interpretations of Kafka’s work has been done in various field of study, and among his writings, ‘A Hunger Artist’ isconsidered as the most transparent and clearest piece. However, the piece shows many bewildering complication of details. The artist’s obsession towards fasting has raised a number of questions; if he is into fasting then why he has to exhibit himself? This research aims to analyze the artist’s peculiar behavior by using Maslow’s concept of self-actualization. Maslow believed that in order to be able self-actualizing, a person must be brave enough to leave his comfort zone. This study shows that the artist fails in achieving Maslow’s concept of self-actualization as he stubbornly cling to the easiest thing he knows how to do, fast. Being able to fast more than forty days is not the expression of self-actualization because fasting is the comfort zone that he refused to let g...

Language shift may lead to language investment, and it may also affect language heritage maintenance.  This case study aims to explore maintenance of language heritage among a group of Papuan students who are living in a school dormitory, away from their families. These 29 senior high school students are originally from different ethnic groups from several districts in  Papua. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview video-recorded for data collection were employed to find out the students’ attitudes towards languages and maintenance of heritage languages. The questionnaire was designed and developed by adapting the semi-structured interview questions designed by Berman et al. (2011). The data were analysed based on the aspects organised in the questionnaire and the results were compared with the findings of Berman et al.’s  (2011), Ehala and Niglas’s (2006), and Nguyen’s (2018) studies. The result shows that there has been a language shift among these adolescents. Living amo...

The study examined the writing strategies used by undergraduate students in the ESL writing classroom. Three strategies were involved in the writing process which was; pre-writing strategies, while writing strategies and revising strategies. Specifically, the objectives were; (1) to examine the student's preferred strategies of successful and unsuccessful ESL students in the writing process. In this cross-sectional study, 50 undergraduate ESL students from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) were the targeted sample for this study. Three strategies of the writing process; pre-writing, while writing and revising were measured via a standard questionnaire that adapted from previous studies. The data obtained were analyzed by using the software of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study indicated ESL students have preferred planning strategies then while writing strategies and revising strategies. Meanwhile, the findings of this study wil...

The composition deals with the visual relationship between  ‘A Clockwork Orange’ film settings and the artworks of the English artist Allen Jones, based within the late Pop Art trend.
For his cinematographic set, Director Stanley Kubrick inspires himself  with the sculptor’s masterpieces as they massively represent the witty and spiteful atmosphere which dominates his alienated film characters.
The deep-seated  feminine  and erotic element of the artworks ( for the first time there is a reference to Forniphilia, the use of the feminine body as a piece of art and furniture) is employed to free the postmodern ideology of the Seventies , when violent and rebellious events happened throughout Europe and shook its social, cultural and artistic background.
By means of Parody and the frequent use of metaphors and apocalyptical scenes, the Director’s cut asks the viewer to focus on the new model  of society, demystifying it at the same time for its abundance of negative values;  Parody combined with the rescue of the sensitivity of senses (sculptures disclose an erotic attractiveness often sought for during those years) are the key to the success of this iconographic cohesion.

The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created an opportunity for better interaction and collaboration. In turns, these web 2.0 technologies have encouraged creativity and participation from its users. One of the areas impacted by this is in language teaching and learning. More researchers are using these web 2.0 technologies in their teaching. This research focuses on the core concept of web 2.0 in the most popular video-based social media that is Youtube. The researcher will investigate the features and elements embedded ad available in Youtube which corresponds to the core concept of web 2.0 of collaboration and interactivity. Furthermore, the researcher will devise methods to integrate such concept in language learning, more specifically, on audiovisual translation. The final results are expected to lay the foundations of further interactivity and collaboration in said subjects, and other subjects in which there are potentials to integrate other web 2...

Translation technology has now been acknowledged as a subdomain of translation studies (Christensen, Flanagan, and Schjoldager, 2017). The researches on translation technology cover a lot of aspects of translation as well as the technology that is used to aid the process. This research is focused on the latter, especially on the results of the Human-aided Machine Translation (HAMT). The HAMT which becomes the focus of this research are Youtube’s Automated Translation and Google Translate (AT and GT respectively). The aim of this research is to evaluate the HAMTs, identify the problems, and propose a possible solution for the problems. This research is using a realism approach because it uses the translator students’ perspective of the HAMT, and the use of corpora. Questionnaires and experiments will be given and performed to assess and to formulate the solutions. Keywords:  HAMT, GT, AT, realism, corpora

Translation technology has now been acknowledged as a subdomain of translation studies (Christensen, Flanagan, and Schjoldager, 2017). The researches on translation technology cover a lot of aspects of translation as well as the technology that is used to aid the process. This research is focused on the latter, especially on the results of the Human-aided Machine Translation (HAMT). The HAMT which becomes the focus of this research are Youtube‘s Automated Translation and Google Translate (AT and GT respectively). The aim of this research is to evaluate the HAMTs, identify the problems, and propose a possible solution for the problems. This research is using a realism approach because it uses the translator students‘ perspective of the HAMT, and the use of corpora. Questionnaires and experiments will be given and performed to assess and to formulate the solutions.

The study examined the writing strategies used by undergraduate students in the ESL writing classroom. Three strategies were involved in the writing process which was; pre-writing strategies, while writing strategies and revising strategies. Specifically, the objectives were; (1) to examine the student's preferred strategies of successful and unsuccessful ESL students in the writing process. In this cross-sectional study, 50 undergraduate ESL students from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) were the targeted sample for this study. Three strategies of the writing process; pre-writing, while writing and revising were measured via a standard questionnaire that adapted from previous studies. The data obtained were analyzed by using the software of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study indicated ESL students have preferred planning strategies then while writing strategies and revising strategies. Meanwhile, the findings of this study wil...

Wide open employment in the tourism industry leads to the urgent needs for ready to work manpower. In the tourism industry, the readiness of the workforce in addition to the operational skills of the work is the ability of foreign language that is widely used globally in the world, in this case is English. Tourism education institutions as tourism human resources factories not only must prepare operational skills, but also English skills which is important to avoid complaints from graduates’ saying that educational institutions do not provide sufficient English supplies. In order to provide sufficient English supplies, student’s English proficiency should be known at this time along with the reason, to know what can improve student’s spirit of learning, because English for Tourism Purposes (ETP) can not be measured only by tests such as TOEFL / TOEFL / IELTS. The results of this study is expected to be a improvement material to improve the quality of every tourism student’s English ...

This article is regarded as a descriptive qualitative research dealing with the first year students’ skill in pronouncing the English voiceless plosive consonants. The subjects of the research are all considered homogenous consisting of 35 students who factually use Toba Batak language and Indonesian as their native languages. Based on the data analysis it was found out that those who had more phonological awareness could pronounce the English voiceless consonants better than those who had less. These speech sounds could be pronounced well when they particularly occurred either at medial or final position, but they were sometimes not properly pronounced or aspirated when they occurred in initial position and followed by stressed vowel. Phonetic errors or faulty pronunciations were more frequently done when these consonants occurred in initial position or uttered in connection with other words in a sentence.Keywords:  English, pronunciation, typology, voiceless plosive consonant

Politeness is necessary in any social interaction to avoid conflict which might arise because of the utterances. Politeness elaborates that we all have ‘face’ of wants and needs, when the wants and needs are not fulfilled properly, then a Face-Threatening Act (FTA) is executed (Lakoff, 1973). There are all sorts of Face-Threatening Acts, and sometimes the face threats are directed to the hearer, while in some other times they are aimed to the first speaker (Brown & Levinson, 1987). The students of Non-Native English Speaker (NNES) become the source data of this study. The way they perform the FTA based on circumstances, which are Power, Social Distance, and Imposition (Brown & Levinson, 1987). While performing FTA, the students have different ways of applying it in their daily lives. The greatest possibility is that the students might use politeness strategy to minimize FTA, by using negative politeness and positive politeness, which theory comes from Brown and Levinson (1987). Qual...

The practice of post-editing has become so common these days with to the introduction of Machine Translation (MT). Because of that, the author believes post-editing should be included in all types of translation activities. Subsequently, in the teaching of translation, post editing should be considered as one of the course to be taught. In translation teaching, however, especially in Indonesia, post-editing has not yet been discussed specifically. Most post-editing activities in the classroom in Indonesia is not taught specifically as one of the courses as a part of a minor. Rather, they are integrated as a sub-course of a particular course, such as literary translation. In this research, I would like to propose several inputs which can be considered when teaching post- editing as a part of a bigger course. This research is conducted by reflecting on the actual process of post-editing conducted by the researcher when translating a text. It is expected that the result of the research...