Financial Assets

The capital market is an important constituent of the financial system. It is a market for long term funds both equity and debt. It mainly deals with financial assets, excluding coin and currency; the financial assets comprise shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, fixed deposits, pension funds, provident fund, insurance policies, and derivatives. The Indian Stock Exchanges, as they are well-regulated, function smoothly, and it is an indication of healthy capital market. Stock exchange provides a good leverage to the capital market and it helps women investors to maximize their returns. This article clearly deprives the review of Indian Capital Market.

Disclosures in initial coin offerings (ICOs) have ranged widely from informative to incomplete to fraudulent. Consequently, advocates for the investing public have, understandably, called for the registration of ICOs to facilitate better disclosures. As this chapter shows, however, registration under the 1933 Securities Act is, as currently enacted, a weak mechanism for mandating the disclosures needed for informed investments in ICO tokens. Many ICO issuances offer non-traditional, non-financial rights that require and involve different pricing considerations than traditional common equity and debt, and are embedded in technical systems unanticipated by the New Deal. ICOs thus require a reconceptualization of longstanding disclosure obligations and safeguards, as well as a revamped approach towards entities tasked with validating disclosures. This chapter charts key provisions in the Securities Act’s Form S-1, crowdfunding’s Form C, Form 1-A for Regulation A , and Rule 144A to provide just such a policy framework.

Բանկային համակարգը հանդիսանում է ՀՀ տնտեսության կայունության ապահովման կաևորագույն ոլորտներից մեկը, և այս տեսանկյունից բանկայի համակարգի կայունությունը էլ ավելի մեծ նշանակություն է ստանում: Անհրաժեշտ է նշել նաև, որ հենց բանկային համակարգն է ապահովում ֆինանսական միջոցների ակտիվ շարժը՝ տարբեր աղբյուրներից հավաքելով ազատ միջոցներ և դրաք վերաբաշխելով տարբեր ոլորտներում: Այս պարագայում առավել քան կարևոր է  ակտիվների կառուցվածքի համակագային վերլուծությունը, որը կբերի առկա  խնդիրների բացահայտման և կնպաստի դրանց վերացմանն ու կարգավորմանը:

The financialization literature tries to make sense of how the world has been changing and continues to do so. There is real potential for financialization to conjoin real-world processes and practices that are conceptually treated as discrete entities. Financialization is an inherently spatial phenomenon that should be much more central to economic-geographic analysis, explaining how the financialization of the global economy is tied to financialization at other scales as well as to the financialization of the state, economic sectors, individual firms and daily-life.

This paper highlights the need for financial policy makers in Nigeria to live up in order to speed up the sustainable growth of the nation’s economy. Empirical evidences in the write up are considerably sufficient to shore up the thinking capabilities of the policy makers to see reasons why the cost of capital must be brought down low. Reading through the article is good for political leaders, researchers, financial authorities and scholars in all developing countries.

The capital market is an important constituent of the financial system. It is a market for long term funds both equity and debt. It mainly deals with financial assets, excluding coin and currency; the financial assets comprise shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, fixed deposits, pension funds, provident fund, insurance policies, and derivatives. The Indian Stock Exchanges, as they are well-regulated, function smoothly, and it is an indication of healthy capital market. Stock exchange provides a good leverage to the capital market and it helps women investors to maximize their returns. This article clearly deprives the review of Indian Capital Market

Resumen
El artículo realiza un análisis crítico de los trabajos teóricos y empíricos sobre la relación entre el capital emprendedor y el crecimiento económico. Para ello se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre emprendimiento entre 2004 y 2014, a partir de las preguntas de investigación sobre el impacto del capital emprendedor en el crecimiento económico y la conceptualización y modos de operacionalización del capital emprendedor, que toman como base diez indicadores internacionales. Concluye que el capital emprendedor tiene impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico, muy sensible a la diversidad, ambigüedad e insuficiencia de los distintos modos de operacionalizarlo.

Abstract
The article makes a critical analysis of the theoretical and empirical work on the relationship between entrepreneurial capital and economic growth. For this, a review of the entrepreneurship literature between 2004 and 2014 is carried out; based on the research questions on the impact of entrepreneurial capital on economic growth and the conceptualization and modes of operationalization of entrepreneurial capital, based on ten international indicators. The article suggests that entrepreneurial capital has a positive impact on economic growth, which is very sensitive to diversity, ambiguity and insufficiency of the different ways of operating it.

The capital market is an important constituent of the financial system. It is a market for long term funds both equity and debt. It mainly deals with financial assets, excluding coin and currency; the financial assets comprise shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, fixed deposits, pension funds, provident fund, insurance policies, and derivatives. The Indian Stock Exchanges, as they are well-regulated, function smoothly, and it is an indication of healthy capital market. Stock exchange provides a good leverage to the capital market and it helps women investors to maximize their returns. This article clearly deprives the review of Indian Capital Market.

Using signal extraction, this study identifies leading indicators of financial crisis over the period 1980-2015 in developing and advanced economies. The study evaluates vulnerability in the external, public and financial sector in developing countries. The results postulate that the level of imports is the principal leading indicator for detecting a forthcoming crisis in developing nation's external sector. In the public sector, the best indicators for predicting a crisis in South Africa are in the order: maturity of debt; external debt; debt-GDP ratio; interest rate payments; short-term debt and government expenditure. In Namibia, the best indicator for predicting crisis is total expenditure and interest rate payments. Comparatively, Russia's crises are better predicted by the following variables: debt ratio; interest rate payments; short-term debt; expenditure and external debt. The two best indicators were debt ratio and interest rate payments. In the financial sector, the common risk indicator among developing economies is the lending rate. The external balance sheet assessment shows that in developed countries, predictors of a financial emanate from portfolio investments and direct investments. For the UK, the best indicators of a looming financial crisis are: direct investment liabilities; portfolio debt liabilities and direct investment debt instruments. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of the first contributions in early warning systems that assesses vulnerability in multiple sectors of an economy which are external, public and financial sectors. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is also the first to determine external balance sheet assessment in developed nations.

The selection of a portfolio encounters several extremely complex situations. From among them, it has to be highlighted, due to its difficulty and transcendence, the Financial Assets selection when interrelations (positive and/or negative) occur among the expected profitabilities of each one of them. The tools traditionally used have tried to approach it by simplifying reality and, therefore, the obtained results are not fully satisfactory. This situation has encouraged the authors to questioning whether better solutions can be reached by applying the so called Intelligent Technologies. Thus, one of the available tools is the one constituted by Genetic Algorithms, due to its utility when offering solutions to complex optimization problems. Furthermore, by using the Fuzzy Sets Theory, we intend to obtain a closer representation for the uncertainty that characterises Financial Market. This way, it is intended to outline an approach to solve Financial Assets selection problems for a po...

Caracteristicile creditului neguvernamental în Europa de Sud-Est şi Europa Centrală sunt expuse in cadrul prezentarii, cu accent pe evoluţia creditului în România.
Un subiect de interes il reprezinta factorii de influenţă ai creşterii creditului pentru populaţie în 2005, precum si calitatea creditului neguvernamental.
Atat averea netă şi activele financiare ale populaţiei, cat si evoluţia economisirii populaţiei, reprezinta elemente prezentate in detaliu, concomitent cu efectuarea de previziuni pentru urmatoarea perioada.

The article presents a summary of the Russian financial market’s development through the 20-year period since the 1998 crisis. The author makes a comparison of the U.S. and Russian financial markets, revealing their common tendencies and the Russian specificity. The article contains an analysis of some recent shifts in preferences of retail financial services consumers.