Historical Databases

In 1826, the Dutch government decreed that slave owners in the Dutch colony of Suriname had to register all enslaved persons in their possession and all changes in ownership. Registration was done in a central register until the abolition of slavery in Suriname in 1863. The registers give a continuous overview of the enslaved population in Suriname stretching for more than three decades. The level of information on the enslaved population of Suriname make the slave registers into an exceptional source for the study of slavery. As part of the project Make the Surinamese slave registers public a database of these registers was created. The database is the first step to create a Historical Database of Suriname (HDS) covering a substantial part of the population of Suriname between 1830 and 1950.

Resumo: Considerando o papel fundamental da computação e da internet em praticamente todos os campos de nossa vida atual, em que mais do que nunca as noções de acessibilidade e disponibilidade de materiais, acervos e etc., tomam um papel central nas discussões no meio acadêmico, voltamos nosso olhar em direção às ferramentas digitais disponíveis aos historiadores e historiadoras, focando na discussão, pouquíssimo trabalhada no Brasil, acerca da constituição e utilização de Bancos de Dados Digitais para a pesquisa histórica. Neste sentido, O presente artigo visa discutir a problemática específica da "opacidade", encontrada no próprio projeto de desenvolvimento de bancos de dados digitais, observando como ela influi de maneira silenciosa, porém determinante, nas possibilidades de pesquisa disponíveis aos usuários destes bancos. Para tanto, apresentamos no decorrer deste estudo uma discussão teórica inicial a respeito da constituição, desenvolvimento e utilização de bancos de dados digitais, para então apresentarmos exemplos reais dos mesmos, evidenciando os elementos ligados à opacidade.

Les villes médiévales italiennes et françaises (surtout celles du Sud) connaissent, dès le XIII e siècle, l'essor des Reformationes, une documentation exceptionnelle pour analyser l'organi-sation institutionnelle et la vie quotidienne des Communes. Cette conférence entend montrer les traits constitutifs et les potentialités des Refor-mationes. On illustrera cette typologie docu-mentaire à partir de l'étude d'un cas précis : la reconstruction du système de l'enseignement élémentaire et universitaire de la ville de Viterbe au XVI e siècle. Il s'agira enfin de présenter le projet d'application des Humanités Numériques concernant cette documentation normative.

This is a revision of Phase I EEBO-TCP Metadata mashing up EEBO-TCP with VIAF and WorldCat open metadata. It includes confidence markers for names contained within the <publication> element - which until now has not been parsed by cataloguers.
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Urbanization has long been identified as one of the major human impacts on the micro-climate of urban areas and has been linked to large (and often disastrous) changes into several hydroclimatic processes such as temperature, humidity and precipitation. However, climate change studies have rarely separated the urban local-scale influence from the global one. In this study, we thoroughly investigate and compare the changes in the variability of the above hydroclimatic processes in urban regions and in the ones with small or negligible human impact. The analysis includes global historical databases of the above processes as well as of the urbanization impact through land-use change.

The run-up catalogs of two global tsunami databases maintained by the NCEI/WDC NOAA and NTL/ICMMG SD RAS are examined to compile the list of annual maximum runups observed or measured in the oceanic, marine and inland basins during the last 120 years (from 1900 to 2019). All the retrieved annual maximum runups were divided into four groups according to four main types of tsunami sources (seismogenic, landslide-generated, volcanic, and meteorological). Their distribution over the type of sources shows that of the 120 maximum runups only 78 (65%) resulted from seismogenic sources, while the remaining 42 runups were divided between landslide-generated (19%), volcanic (8%), and meteorological (7.5%) sources. The analysis of geographical distribution of source locations demonstrates that tsunamis are not exclusively a marine hazard-over 15% of all maximum runups were observed in coastal and inland water basins (narrow bays, fiords, lakes, and rivers). Temporal distribution of the collected runups shows that annual occurrence of large tsunamis was more or less stable throughout the twentieth century and only demonstrates some increase during the last 27 years (since 1992) when the practice of post-event surveys of all damaging tsunamis was implemented. This paper also outlines the existing problems with data compilation, cataloguing, and distribution, and discusses incompleteness of runup and wave-form data for a considerable number of non-damaging tsunamis, even those resulting from the strong (magnitude higher than 7.5) submarine earthquakes.

In the paper, the author presents the experience of implementing methods for formalizing historical information based on the principles of natural science disciplines in order to represent it in digital form. Historical science studies the phenomena of past social life by collecting and analyzing information about them. The historical event represents the result of the phenomena which are purposeful (actions) or non-purposeful (processes). To accurately define the characteristics of the events in digital form, chronological Julian day and standard geographic coordinates universally employed in natural sciences should be adopted. A special problem is the study of probabilistic methods for assessing the reliability of information about events (actions) obtained from various historical sources. Examples of practical implementation of the accumulation and analysis of data on the 890-950 Byzantine history are discus.

В настоящей работе представлен опыт реализации методов формализации исторических сведений на основе принципов естественнонаучных дисциплин с целью их цифрового представления. Исторической наукой изучаются явления прошлой общественной жизни посредством получения и анализа информации о них. Историческое событие знаменует результат происходивших явлений, которые носят целенаправленный (действия) или нецеленаправленньш (процессы) характер. Для точного описания характеристик событий в цифровой форме следует принять повсеместно используемые в естественных науках Хронологический юлианский день и географические координаты. Особой проблемой является проработка вероятностных методов оценки достоверности информации о событиях, получаемой из различных исторических источников. Приведены примеры практической реализации накопления и анализа данных по византийской истории 890-950 гг.