Host-Guest Interaction

The concepts of hospitality and culture are complicated ones and they affect each other in a hospitality service context.  Multicultural cities, such as London, New York or Toronto tend to attract population migration and this can add to their multicultural diversity. Some migrant communities blend in host countries while others retain their culture and this can be seen in the ethnic restaurants which enrich the high streets of multicultural cities. The concept of hospitality sends mixed messages about whether the stranger should be welcomed or mistrusted, and in a hospitality service context this is confusing. The prevailing view is that hospitality units should satisfy and accommodate paying guests, but many diners visit because of differences in food and culture. This paper discusses these complex issues and suggests that all parties in the hospitality service context need to flexible and adaptive.

The conquest and colonisation of the northeastern Baltic Rim in the 13th century durably shaped religious and ethnic identities of and relations between the native population and the arriving crusaders. This article explores the codes and displays of hospitality in the anonymous ‘Livonian Rhymed Chronicle’, which are seen here as ways of conceptualising the relationship and conflicts between the Teutonic Knights and the pagan or apostate people in Livonia. It asks which consequences the framing of the host-guest relations might have had for the self-comprehension of the chronicle’s author and his audience. The analysis of the chronicle is pursued along three lines: the first focuses on the questions of chivalry, courtesy, and conversion; the second explores different renditions of a miracle story of inhospitality from the 1220s; the third focuses on the conceptual metaphors of hospitality as a way in which the Teutonic Knights accommodated their adversaries’ viewpoints. In its conclusions, the article argues how a broad focus on the institutions, concepts, and discourses of hospitality can help account for both confrontational and amicable attitudes between the colonisers and the colonised both on the Baltic frontier and among other European frontier societies.

More than a decade has passed since the concept of ''tourist gaze'' at the ''mad'' locals behind bars was introduced. This paper argues that tourists too can become the ''mad'' behind bars, closely watched by the locals. This new concept outlines the local gaze, which is made up of images and stereotypes about the tourist. The former gaze is reflected in the tour-ists' behavior, but it also influences the local gaze, a situation which in turn affects the behaviour of both the host and guest populations. The gazes interrelate and are thus termed ''the mutual gaze''. The article will contribute to the discussion of host-guest relations in the under-researched area of backpacker tourism. Keywords: backpackers, gaze, staged authenticity , host and guest. Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Résumé: Le regard mutuel. Plus de dix ans ont passé depuis l'introduction du concept du «regard touristique» envers les habitants «insensés» derrière les barreaux. Cet article soutient que les touristes peuvent aussi devenir les «insensés» derrière les barreaux, regardés de près par les habitants. Ce nouveau concept expose les grandes lignes du regard local, qui consiste en images et stéréotypes du touriste. Le premier regard se reflète dans le comportement des touristes, mais il influence aussi le regard local, une situation qui à son tour modifie le com-portement des habitants et des visiteurs. Les regards s'entrelacent et s'appellent donc «le regard mutuel». L'article contribuera à la discussion des relations entre touristes et habitants dans un domaine peu documenté du tourisme de routard. Mots-clés: routards, regard, authenticité théâtrale, habitants et touristes. Ó

This paper analyses the relationship between host-tourist interactions and residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts on their QOL. A survey of residents in two Portuguese beach communities was conducted. Two PCAs were used to identify dimensions of host-tourist interaction and QOL domains. Furthermore, an importance-perceived impact analysis and Paired t-tests were carried out to identify gaps between the levels of importance that residents attribute to several domains of their QOL and their perceptions of tourism impacts in these QOL domains. Correlation tests were used to find statistical significant associations between host-tourist interaction dimensions and residents’ QOL domains. Results suggest that the interaction between residents and visitors in these destinations is low and very superficial, gaps between importance and tourism impacts emerged in several domains of residents’ QOL and there is a positive relationship between host–tourist interactions and residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts on several domains of their QOL. The paper ends with some theoretical and practical implications

Residents' behavior towards tourists is based on their evaluations of the perceived costs/benefits of tourism. COVID-19's outbreaks led many Residents to believe that costs they receive from having tourists around, outweigh the benefits and this perception in turn, negatively influenced their behavior towards tourists. The perception of cost, by the Residents, in a chain sequence, leads to the perception of threat, the formation of a negative attitude and, ultimately, the occurrence of negative behavior. In line with this trend, the purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and behavior of the Residents towards tourists during the outbreak of Covid-19 in Ramsar destination. Integrated threat theory was used to shape the theoretical framework. The research method was qualitative. The statistical population was the residents of Ramsar. The sampling method was judgmental and sample size was considered to be 21 people based on achieving theoretical saturation. Data, were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed based on content analysis and open and axial coding. the research findings presented new dimensions of host-tourist interaction in the Corona period based on the combination of theories of social exchange and integrated threat. According to the findings while general perception towards tourists was negative, some locals with emphasizing on the dependency of local livelihoods on tourism, believed under certain conditions, tourists should be welcomed back to the city. In both cases, health and safety of local residents should come first.

The people, who were besotted with the hippie movement, a social movement that swept across the world in the late 60s,
naturally interacted with the local people of Cappadocia, where a secluded culture prevailed in those days, and which was
located on the route of their journey to the East. The purpose of this study is to analyze the way the hippies were perceived by
the local people of Cappadocia, their roles in development of tourism in Cappadocia, and the aspects of their support to tourism
in the earlier periods of this trend. For this purpose, the perceptions of the people, who interacted with the hippies, has been
put forth through descriptive analysis in line with the findings obtained through in-depth interviews conducted with the local
people of Cappadocia on November, 2013. Intergroup relationships and the support of local people to tourism have been
discussed within the framework of Social Identity Theory. The roles of hippies’ visits and the way the local people perceived
these visits on regional tourism activities have been examined. At the end of this study, it has been concluded that the majority
of local people categorized the hippies as “others” in the earlier stages, and their initial affection against the hippies and the
development of tourism was negative. As the social and cultural communications increased and began to yield economic
benefits, the negative feelings were replaced with a positive approach and thus, the support of local people for the development
of tourism increased gradually.

The paper discusses the role of North Sudan kitchen in the course of researches carried out by Western scholars. Common meals in the village culture of Northern Sudan are an important customary element creating the possibility of social interactions between the natives and the visitors. The researchers' problem is that the meals served are far from the European standards, and their unwillingness to consume traditional foods is understood by the natives as showing cultural superiority and lack of respect. This can have a major influence on the results of fieldwork and places the researchers in a difficult position, thus opening the way to finding different solutions and behaviour strategies.

Сидя за столом, которого нет. Гетерогенность пищевых предпочтений в Северном Судане как исследовательская проблема

В статье обсуждается роль северосуданской кухни в процессе  исследований, проводившихся западными учеными. Совместная еда в сельской культуре северного Судана является существенным элементом обычая, создающего поле для общественного взаимодействия между местными и чужыми. Проблема исследователей состоит в том, что эта кухня существенно отличается от европейских стандартов, и их нежелание употреблять традиционные блюда рассматривается местным населением как манифестация культурного превосходства и проявление неуважения. Это может повлиять на результаты полевых работ и ставит исследователей перед трудным выбором, стимулируя поиск разных решений и стратегии поведения.

Artykuł, zainspirowany doświadczeniami terenowymi obojga autorów, omawia rolę, jaką kuchnia północnosudańska (pojmowana nie jako miejsce fizyczne, lecz zbiór lokalnych zwyczajów żywieniowych) odgrywa podczas prac badawczych, realizowanych tam przez zachodnich naukowców. Wspólne posiłki stanowią w kulturze wiejskiej północnego Sudanu istotny element obyczajowości i stwarzają pole do interakcji społecznych – zwłaszcza między miejscowymi a przybyszami z zewnątrz. Problem europejskich badaczy polega na tym, iż posiłki te odbiegają znacznie (formą i treścią) od znanych im standardów, budząc niekiedy niesmak i wstręt, a czasem wywołując także schorzenia pokarmowe. Jednak niechęć do spożywania tradycyjnych dań kuchni sudańskiej jest przez miejscowych interpretowana jako manifestacja wyższości kulturowej obcokrajowców i przejaw braku poszanowania dla obowiązujących zwyczajów. Tak więc nastawienie badacza do potraw tradycyjnej kuchni i sposobu ich podawania może zaważyć na wynikach jego studiów terenowych. Taka sytuacja stawia zachodnich naukowców przed trudnym, a znaczącym wyborem, dając asumpt do tworzenia różnych rozwiązań i strategii postępowania.

Taking the informal tourism sector in India as a case study, this article demonstrates ethnographically that dichotomous classifications often taken for granted when conceptualizing human mobilities are undermined in people’s everyday practices. One of them is the binary between mobile cosmopolitan tourists (“guests” from the Global North) and local “hosts” (i.e. service providers from the Global South), who are denied the right to be mobile. The aim of the article is to overcome these outdated anthropological conceptualizations of the sedentary Other, based on ethnological naturalism and currently reproduced in the tourism marketing, in the context of global mobility regimes. The article shows that a high level of mobility is not only an attribute of tourists, but it also characterizes the “locals,” who work in the informal tourism sector in India. It also reveals the multiple ways that various forms of people’s spatial mobility – such as tourism and migration – intersect.

Complaint that asks the Department of Justice to instruct local Sheriff to read door sign that states occupant is hyperacute/deaf and needs language accommodation under the ADA, asks for no knocking and provides email. 

Errata: Deputy Tim Maleski was the "sheriff." The date of the event was in fact June 30, 2015 according to his report, which I received read and scanned. A copy of the false police report went to the Department of Justice, ADA enforcement division in Washington DC as I often send them examples of blatant discrimination.

If they choose not to take the case I will refile this as a federal discrimination case, SOL expires October 2017.