International Journal of Management (IJM)

Human Resource Management is an integral part of any organization and when it is about hospitality industry HR department plays a crucial role in organization's growth, because only satisfied employees can serve better to the customers. Human resource department not only recruit the best employees but also guide their career map. The purpose of this study is to find out that how and which HR practices play an important role in increasing employees' satisfaction in hotel industry. This study focuses on lower level employees of 3-star hotels in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. A pilot study was conducted first and HR executives/managers of hotels were interviewed. On the basis of these interviews, factors which affect employees' satisfaction were identified and questionnaire was designed for employees. Responses were taken from the lower level employees of the hotels. This study shows that employees are satisfied with working conditions and somewhat with the salary and other benefits they are receiving. The employee turnover rate observed in hotel industry is relatively high.

The entire world community, starting in mid-December 2019, has come under the enormous influence of the World Coronavirus Epidemic, called COVID-19. The pandemic caused by this virus has already caused thousands of casualties around the world, imposed significant restrictions on the socio-cultural life of the population and radically changed the trends of the global economy. The main purpose of this work is to determine the status and trends of the impact of the recent pandemic situation, which is associated with the emergence of COVID-19. In the process of writing the article, the authors determined the impact of the pandemic situation in the world on the development of the public administration system in the context of economic management. It was found that the following can be considered the basic consequences of the pandemic situation in the world: decline in stock exchange indices; a significant drop in oil prices and a slowdown in the development of the precious metals market; reduction or partial termination of production in the context of economic management. The above factors indicate that today there is a real need for the implementation of anti- crisis and stabilizing measures on the part of government bodies.

India has 13 major ports and 176 non-major ones. The major ports carry about 3/4th of the total traffic. Despite adequate capacity and handling facilities the average turnaround time of major Indian ports is less than 4 days which is very high compared to the average turnaround time of about 10 hrs in Hong Kong. This undermines the competitiveness of Indian ports. Since the ports are not adequately linked to the Hinterland, the evacuation of Cargo is slow leading to congestion. To this end, all ports trust have set up groups with representatives from the National Highway Authority of India(NHAI), Railways and State Governments to prepare comprehensive plans aimed at improving road-rail connectivity of ports. The NHAI has taken up port connectivity as major component of the National Highways Development Project. Traditionally, most ports in the world are owned by the Public Sectors. In the recent years privatization of ports facilities and services are gaining momentum. In India an enabling policy framework has been put in place by the Government as a step towards this direction. Depending on the nature of the facilities/service, private operators can enter into the service contract, the management contract a concession agreement to operate port services. Areas that have been opened up to the private sectors on BOT basis include construction of CARGO handling berths and dry docks, container terminals and warehousing facilities and ship repair facilities. The shipping services in India are patterned similar to the global shipping services, namely, tramps and liners. The types of ships engaged in India's overseas trade include dry cargo liners, cellular container ships, dry cargo bulk carriers, ore/oil/bulk carriers, oil tankers (product carriers), passenger cum-cargo vessels, acid carriers, timer carriers, LPG carriers, etc. The shipping industry also caters to the requirements of coastal trade and offshore supply vessels (OSVs) for ONGC and GAIL. The aim of the study is to measure the performance of major ports of India.

Technology has brought an immense amount of strategies, tools and approaches to marketing, all of which worked for the sake of satisfying customers and win potential clients. Internal marketing is one of those approaches which mainly look at employees as customers who will draw potential customers to organization. Current study aimed at examining the influence of internal marketing on attracting potential customers through the moderating influence of social media. Quantitative approach was adopted and (445) questionnaires were distributed on employees within Kuwait telecommunications organizations. Results of study accepted the hypothesized notion and agreed that social media moderate the relationship between internal marketing and attracting potential customers. Also, results indicated that among the chosen set of internal marketing dimensions (communication) was the most influential as it helped in increasing the level of understanding and support between management, leadership and employees which led to their ability to attract more customers launching from their own positive attitudes towards products of organization. Study recommended intensifying training courses for leaders in order to maximize their impact on team management and direct the internal marketing mechanism in a beneficial way.

IBC is the second most crucial reform in the legal setting of India. It is because IBC is not only making India emphatically powerful in the field of the legal environment but also provides a new identification and recognition at the global platform economically. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is the bankruptcy law of India which seeks to consolidate the existing framework by creating a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy. The paper studies distinguish features and the legal framework of the code. The study is descriptive in nature. In line with that, the paper also presents the impact of Insolvency and Bankruptcy code on macro environment of India.

People use e-government applications, trade financial goods online, purchase online, book hotel rooms using mobile booking apps, and make decisions based on information given in organisational information systems. All of these decisions are impacted by the context in which they are made, as this statement demonstrates: What is chosen frequently relies on how the choice is presented. Designers of choice settings, sometimes known as choice architects, can take use of these heuristics and biases. In this paper various digital nudging research papers are studied. The goal of this study is to see if and how different digital nudges displayed on an e-commerce website impact the customer's psychological state. A variety of research reviews have been done in order to better understand the psychological heuristics impact based on digital nudging.

Human fatigue is a common phenomenon that exists in most of the industries an outcome of the influence exerted due to continuous and rigorous work executed without any break. However one could see that the fatigue factor is excessively prevalent only among the seafarers in the shipping industry, as the lifestyle of the seafarers is something different from other professions in as much as they have to spend most of their time in mid sea, by enduring their services for months together in the absence of all their due domestic pleasure to rejoice and to rejuvenate their mind. Researchers on this field have time and again established that it is a proven fact that fatigue is one of the reasons for lack of concentration while attending to their routine work and even led to occurrence of accidents of ships nowadays. Several factors could be attributed to fatigue of seafarers, which include psychological, physiological and environmental factors; are the main reasons for their intermittent distraction, resulting in their poor on board performance and ultimately lead to spoil the physical and mental aspects as well. The fatigue factors among Indian Seafarers have been addressed in proper perspectives so as to find out a needy solution to overcome the same, by identifying the actual root cause and to take suitable remedial measures to relief from such a kind of stress, thereby to make them, all time fit, to execute their responsibilities. Moreover, adequate counseling and appropriate training are to be imparted to seafarers to overcome the fatigue factors, an environment conducive to execute the work in a perfect mindset, free from all their mental agonies. The research study has been concluded with pragmatic conclusions supported with the research oriented discussions on the factors of fatigue of Indian seafarers such as the long working hours of seafarers, irregular sleep patterns, frequent changes in the maritime industry, environmental hardships of seafarers, improper exercise and nutrition.

As the global society continues to move toward a knowledge-based economy, successful political economies are required to evolve and adapt not only to contemporary markets but also to the changing wants and needs of their citizens. Successful nations are those that the citizenry feel happy and peaceful in the current status quo while engaging in their day–to-day business. Successful economies do not rely on any external, predictable, natural or traditional events, but are rather seen as outcomes of strategic and consciously made decisions arousing from leadership thinking. Leadership decision making is the foundation and the prerequisite for any intelligent action and accomplishment. Blass and Ferris (2007) have emphasized that the current focus on technical competence is outdated and leader potentials should be assessed by an individual's interpersonal savvy and influence ability. Leadership charisma is often considered one potential source of influence, and is believed to relate to the construct of political skill (Ferris, Treadway, Perrewe, Brouer, Douglas, and Lux, 2007). Consequently, the rapid development and changes that have occurred in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been attributed to the qualities and charisma of leadership decision making (Davidson, 2005).

'The Moth Eaten Howdah of a Tusker' is a famous masterpice of Mamoni Raisom Goswami and a milestone in Assamese literature. It is a special mixture of several stories. It is a wonderful novel based on the real experiences of the author. Every page of her novel silently speaks to the reader the temporary happiness and unbearable harrassment of human life. Goswami has an unique position in Assamese literature, which is partly due to her witty presentation of her characters. The novel gives a naked description of the Indian independence, the society that was destroyed by drug addiction, the harsh rules imposed on Brahmin widows, bodily lust and desires, the emergence of communism, the status of women in a patriarchal society, love etc.

At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, people found it to be challenging to deal with what was called the new normal. However, soon they got used to it and recognised some of its advantages. Many started to see some hidden opportunities in this pandemic, especially was a good experience to re-evaluate lifestyle and take the best of it. As many governments and institutes are starting to adapt to the new normal, the fear of getting back to many pre-pandemic life norms and routines is very high. This paper investigates the type of fears, as a result of going back to normality, by using the method of integrative study. The type of fear is specified in order to define mechanisms for its alleviation. The recommendation here is to create balanced solutions or environments that compensate for the need for pre- and post-pandemic routines or resilient transformation plans. However, this recommendation needs to be piloted in different communities and in a different environment to overcome the limitations of its practicality, taking into consideration the variations of fear according to the demographics and the functionality.

The study examines the influence of factors responsible for Seafarers' occupational stress based on Karasek's Job Demand-Control model. The job demand-control model is one of the most recognized models in occupational stress research. The occupational stress tradition focused on stressors at work, such as high workload, work pace, role conflict, and role ambiguity. Karasek's job demand-control model has had a large influence on the job design and occupational stress, because it is quite practical and testable. In Karasek's model, workplace stress is a function of how demanding a person's job is and how much control the person has over their own responsibilities. The study had classified the Job Demand-Control attributes into five manageable factors by using Factor analysis. The stress incurred by the deck side seafarers and the engine side seafarers were then compared by testing the hypotheses.

Purpose Workplace incivility (WPI) and are the most alarming negative event of the workplaces, these negative events can cause unadorned damages for all the workforces and on the whole organization as well, so this issue needs to be addressed properly. This research study is designed to study the impacts of WPI on employee performance (EP) with mediating role of psychological well-being (PWB) for the female employees working in the health care units and hospitals of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach For empirical analysis Structural Equation Model (SEM) performed by using AMOS 21.0 to test the hypotheses of the study. Statistical results revealed significant and negative influence of WPI on EP. Current study also analyze direct and mediating role PWB. Findings It is found that WPI has negative outcomes for the performance of female nurses in the health sector of AJK, Pakistan. The results of the study show sufficient support for greater part of hypotheses. Statistical results revealed significant and negative influence of workplace incivility on employee performance (EP). Current study also analyze direct and mediating role of psychological well-being. Statistical and direct analysis indicates that psychological well-being has negative and significance impact on performance. Moreover, in mediation analysis psychological well-being mediates the association between incivility and performance. Research limitations/implications Current study is limited to analyzing negative consequences incivility, but further analysis can be done. E.g., performance of employees can be analyzed after implementation of adequate environment, training of employees and formulation policies that reduce stress at workplace. Practical implications Current study is applicable for health care sector of Pakistan, as rare studies theoretically and empirically examined influence of bullying on performance of nurses in health sector AJ&K, Pakistan specially with mediating role of PWB. Finding of current research will enable health care sector of Pakistan to formulate strategies and create friendly environment for nurses to enhance their efficiency and performance. Originality/value This paper theoretically contributes for health care centers to minimize the negative events from workplaces in order to yield better productivity. From the health sector perspectives this study explores that psychological well-being is badly affected by the negative event (WPI) and in result the performance of the nurses is not as required.

Purpose: This paper is aimed to design a framework for categorizing literature based upon buying behaviour of cosmetics / personal care products and for contribution towards existing research. This study will help researchers, academicians and corporates. This research is on the basis of research article analysis which was extracted mainly from Elsevier, Emerald, Wiley and Taylor and Francis and Springer data basis. Methodology: In total 50 peer reviewed articles were selected randomly from data bases of Emerald, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Wiley and Springer for systematic analysis. Findings: Scarce literature is available in context of organic personal care products in India. Originality: It is found that very less research has been conducted on personal care purchase behaviour in Indian context. The authors have therefore suggested this framework for literature categorization linked to personal care products which will help in conduct of future research in this area.

The purpose of this paper is to outline the major approaches accumulated in the core competence literature. The construct, since its introduction in 1990 by Prahalad and Hamel, has received a lot of attention. Although many researchers have attempted to bring core competence into practical use, the literature depicts a lot of interrelated concepts which are sometimes used interchangeably. Resources, capabilities, competence, core competence, distinctive competence, and core distinctive competence are all used to mean similar or sometimes exactly the same thing. Thus, this work aims to bring forth insight as to the nature of the construct, make a significant contribution in terms of clarification, and finally set a sound ground for further model building. Research shows that core competence is at the heart of all competitiveness. Therefore, we believe that firms, managers, and researchers should have a more clear understanding of a construct that will benefit them in highly competitive business environments.

In today’s competitive world companies are striving hard to retain their existing market share. To get the new market share or new customer is becoming tougher and tougher. New companies are entering with substitute product and services and pressuring existing companies to think innovatively to sustain their market share.
All types of companies government and private have to be innovative and creative to offer more value to their customers. This case is an excellent example of the health care service provider having non business objective and servicing public of the society. This case elaborates about the various innovative approaches adopted to make the health care services available to masses at lowest possible cost.

The transgender community is marginalized and humiliated in every sphere of life. However, after the ‘Transgender Protection Act’, passed in 2018, transgender people have gained immense support from the civil societies of Pakistan. Many of the transgender people are participating in the mainstream workforce of the country. This paper takes a phenomenological approach to exemplify those organizations that has employed the transgender individuals. The paper will explore the issues and challenges encountered in the inclusion of transgender employees and their perceptions regarding the role of management in the unique gender identity and workforce diversity. Four in- depth interviews were conducted and codes were generated by thematic analysis. The major findings are that although the respondents have families and communities that support them to work outside their stigmatized gender roles, however, there are lack of job opportunities and social restrictions in getting NIC in gender X category. However, the organizations where they work have minority inclusion and acceptance of gender.

Organizational citizenship Behaviours is being researched for last three decades by the researchers. It is sometimes compared with the prosocial behaviour, organizational spontaneity, extra role behaviour and contextual performance. Dennis Organ (1997), father of OCB has defined OCB as, " Individual Behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization. " Different scales has been devised by the researchers to measure different Organizational citizenship behaviour for different types of respondents. The current study aims to test the reliability of standardized questionnaire while measuring the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of the non – teaching staff in the academic sector. Doing this, test shall prove the relevance of the current scale for non – teaching staff that will surely direct the future researchers to develop a new scale for non – teaching staff.

This paper attempts to discuss how the cultural resources of Assam are transformed into a medium for commerce by applying specific artistic methods and how this system has positive as well as negative impacts on the preservation and the expansion of Assamese culture in the context of Globalization. Considering the problems such as increasing population, unemployment, etc., an environment has been created with the idea of consumer and demand by transforming the local cultural resources of Assam into consumer goods with acute preparations. As culture is prone to change, it can be assumed that this kind of system puts insufficient effort into the preservation and expansion of culture. Without transforming the core of the various elements of the Assamese culture, they are transformed into an appropriate medium for commerce by applying specific artistic methods. This paper focuses on how the local cultural elements of Assam are being renovated into consumer goods by transforming them from the first existence into the second and the third existence by applying an innovative mindset and also try to explore the potential elements that remain commercially untouched can be used in this regard.

This study considers the effect of white-collar crimes on the efficiency of government parastatals in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to examine; the level of operational efficiency of government parastatals in Nigeria, the level of prevalence of white-collar crimes among government officials, and the various levels of legal and institutional frameworks established by government in combating white-collar crimes. The study was anchored on the concepts of white-collar crimes as it relates to national development. A survey research design was employed to elicit information from randomly selected respondents. The data obtained were analysed using multiple regression technique. Results from the study revealed that the combined influence of Embezzlement (Ez) and Bribery (Br) on efficiency of selected government parastatals is significantly positive (F= 83.37, p value = 0.000 < 0.05. Also, each component of white collar crimes (WCC) employed in the study - Embezzlement (Ez) (t = 6.175, p < 0.05) and Bribery (Br) (t = 3.222, p < 0.05) had significant effect on the efficiency of government parastatals in Nigeria. The study seeks to prompt management of government parastatals towards providing adequate measures that will effectively combat the menace of white collar crimes. The study therefore contributed to the link between corrupt practices prevalent in government parastatals and national development by revealing how white-collar crimes results in operational inefficiency of government parastatals in Nigeria.

Master data management comprises tools required for an organization to run their business operations in terms of data, such as marketing strategy. The primary function or role of MDM is to maintain and improve the data integrity of the organization. In this case, their service will be an offer to clients with accuracy. Access to such data will also result in stabilizing the business operations, thus acquiring real-time data. Current organizations contain a large volume of data from multiple sources, external and internal sources; therefore, managing such data is essential. However, the organization sees the need to have confidence in their data whereby evaluation, analysis, and control is needed to acquire such aspect. The paper contains different facts that elaborate on the need for and importance of MDM in business operations. Organizations benefit from MDM by gaining high-quality data, reducing time, costs, data redundancy, and ensuring data accuracy. Also, MDM helps organizations to practice data compliance and regulations. MDM ensures data breaches are mitigated and blocks any potential threat or risks to the system. This paper aims to provide facts and show the importance of MDM to the organization regardless of its size. Implementation of MDM initiative in their operations will increase their production and efficiency.

Food is considered as one of the three basic needs for survival of the human race. Therefore, a nutritious and balanced diet consisting of right amount of vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients is sine qua non so as to maintain the minimum prescribed health standards of living beings. Inaccessibility to proper food sources can lead to malnutrition and starvation, and in extreme cases, it may lead to death, which indirectly violates one’s Right to Life enshrined under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Hence, in a hugely populated country like India, although not entitled as Fundamental Rights of Citizens in the Constitution, The Right to Food is rightfully included in Article 47 of its Constitution as a directive principle of the State Policy which is also incidental to the fundamental right to life and personal liberty. The issue of food security, poverty and starvation rises to a critical level during these unfortunate Covid 19 Pandemic .The four dimensions namely; food availability, food accessibility, food stability and food utilization are regarded as foundation pillars of food security. An attempt has been made in this research enquiry to examine the situation of food availability in India and its accessibility in the midst of the pandemic. A research enquiry is also been done on the functionality and effectiveness of Public distribution System in dealing with the current food crisis situation.

Development, growth and progress of the country is most important factors. To face competitions at global every country wants to made strong Economy, Import and export business, optimum use of investments, use of Human recourses and foreign exchange. To achieve the target the government of India announces the them " Make in India " at national and international platform., the aim of this research is, to understood the aims, objectives and vision of Make in India and its affect on various fields and to verify awareness and perception among the youth of the nation

The relationship between Information Technology (IT) resources and competitive advantage has been the academic focus of attention and debate issues. Although many researchers found that IT investments contribute to help firms gain competitive advantage, there are still those who doubt like Solow (the Solow Computer Paradox), and Carr (IT doesn’t matter).

The aim of this study is to research the relationship between IT resources, which are divided into four categories: IT infrastructure, IT technical skills, IT managerial skills, and IT-business partnership, and the competitive advantage of firms. Using data from 30 Algerian firms and the Pearson Coefficient, the results indicate a significant positive relationship between IT resources and the competitive advantage. Furthermore, the results show also a significant positive relationship between all categories of IT resources from one side, and competitive advantage of firm from the other side. Finally, the results show no significant relationship between firm’s age, type of industry, and the competitive of firms.

Purpose - Financial Technologies (FinTech) is emerging as the core of digital innovation in the finance sector with promising technology and infrastructure. FinTech organizations are driven by data- finance, commodities, currencies, investment, payment systems, trading, exchange markets, regulation, consultancy services, banking, transaction settlement, financial intermediaries, and corporate governance. The purpose of this paper is to understand the consumer behavioural intentions in using Fintech Service, basis on the TAM, integrating brand and service trust to understand the influence on behavioural intention. Approach - To understand the consumer behavioural intentions in using Fintech Service, this study basis on the TAM, integrating brand and service trust to understand the influence on behavioural intention. By using convenience sampling, 220 consumers’ samples were collected. The results showed: Brand and service trust has a significantly positive effect on attitudes toward using Fintech Service. Perceived usefulness has a significantly positive effect on attitudes toward using. Perceived ease of use has a significantly positive effect on attitudes toward using. Attitudes toward on using have a significantly positive effect on behavioural intention to use. The use of latest ICT technologies lightens up the finance operations and services to exponential levels. The study tests the model in adoption of technology with innovation, and other adoption issues. The paper also presents a review of academic journals, literature, and assess the adoption of technology in the fintech revolution. Findings - This finding reveals the importance of understanding the behavioural intention toward using Fintech Service. First of all, the exploratory factor analysis for consumer behaviour showed that the acceptance of new technology 5 domains (brand and service trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, and behavioural intentions to use) This shall be of significant interest to researchers, professionals, academicians, and practitioners.

Training assumes greater significance for the survival of any organization. To maintain pace with the fast changing environment, organizations should have knowledgeable, experienced and dynamic workforce specially in the case of banking sector. So the banks need to be focused on training and development practices. In present era the importance of training has been increasing due to technological changes which demands updated knowledge, skills, technical expertise and capabilities. The objectives of this research study are: To explore the factors which affect training practices of both SBI and Axis bank ltd. and to compare the satisfaction level of employees regarding training practices on the basis of explored factors. Data is collected through structured questionnaire from respondents. Findings of the study highlights that there is a significant difference among the perception of employees of both the banks under study regarding Training and Development practices and steps should be taken to overcome the weaknesses in the prevailing training practices, if exists any.

In India, Reliance JIO created a promotional buzz by making broadband internet & supplementary digital services no longer a luxury item. It actually converted these two things into a basic necessity that can be consumed in abundance, thereby not only impacting the telecommunication sector but also the common people, small and large businesses, & ultimately the Indian economy as a whole. JIO entered the telecommunication business like a boss, but the whistles and applause that greeted it obscured the fact that by one measure, the company’s debt climbed to at least a 15 year high. Moreover, it sparked a vicious price war in the world’s second largest mobile phone market. Nevertheless, as Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries Limited had described JIO as a jewel among Reliance assets, it actually helped the entire group immensely during the Coronavirus pandemic. This paper mainly includes the preliminary impact of JIO on the telecommunication industry, its impact on competitors, how it became a helpful hand in digitalization, its impact on the Indian economy as a whole, and finally the various marketing strategies used by JIO to draw the common people towards it in the beginning of its journey.

In this article is written about phonemic structure of morphemes in modern Russian and Uzbek languages The morphological system of the Uzbek language also differs from other Turkic languages in its distinctive features. Scholars have shown how important the role of language in human society is, describing it as the most important means of human communication. Typically, a phoneme is considered to be the smallest linguistic unit involved in the structure of a word, morpheme, and sentence. a phoneme is a collection of different signs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of digital marketing on consumer purchase intention in the fast-food industry of Hyderabad, Sindh. This research considered the two main components of digital marketing i.e., Social Network Marketing and Email Marketing. It is a quantitative research, and the primary data was collected through an adopted questionnaire from 150 respondents which are the customers of fast-food brands. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Reliability, Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis were performed. The finding of the study reflected that there is a positive impact of social network marketing and email marketing on consumer purchase intention in fast-food industry of Hyderabad, Sindh.

In today’s skill and expertise intensive organizations, which are characterized by rapid growth and unimpeded access to information and resources, organizational subsistence demands augmented employee performance. Engaged and loyal employees are considered vital elements for organizational existence and accomplishments. Research suggests that the quality of employment relationship is significantly affected by employees’ psychological contract. The study augments to the theory of the PC by investigating one of the important factors underlying the distinctive nature of the Psychological Contract. A psychological contract encloses personal beliefs and expectations considering the terms and conditions of the employer-employee exchange relationship. The existing literatures tends to develop a strong linkage between five factors of personality and psychological contract in different population. Broadly speaking, personality characteristics ie. extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness also known as Goldberg’s Big Five Personality factors, appears to have a strong role in formation of Psychological contract, these characteristics also helps in predicting the breach of Psychological Contract. Therefore, this study throws light on the effect of personality dimensions on the formation of Psychological Contract.Previous research also shows that Psychological Contract is a useful framework for examining the quality of employee-organization relationship. It also reveals a connection between Psychological contract & employee engagement. The study confers that Psychological state of an employee is a strong predictor of his engagement with the organization therefore the role of Psychological Contract cannot be overlooked in such a scenario. The study contributes towards the better understanding of the more relevant measures of Personality as a precursor and Employee Engagement as outcome of Psychological Contract. Implications, limitations, and future research are also discussed in the paper.

The present study investigates that the Performance Management and its impact towards Job Satisfaction with special reference to BSNL, three different SSA (Secondary Switching Area)s namely Trichy, Thanjavur and Madurai SSA using SEM Modeling. The Performance Management is the function of Human Resource Development (HRD) practices which are mainly concerned with people at work and with their relationship within the organization. To examine the level of Performance Management are associated with Job Satisfaction using by Job Descriptive Index (JDI) Scale among BSNL employees. The JDI scale included Work, Supervision, Pay, Promotions, and Co-worker. Job Satisfaction Employees would make a positive contribution to their respective BSNL and may lead to increase the effectiveness of the BSNL. It is therefore important to have a good understanding of an individual’s total personality and value system in order to understand and describe his job satisfaction. Some important implications for future research are also derived from the study.

Consumer behaviour helps to identify the behaviour of the consumer upon that product and also for the market. The main objective of the study is to find the overall consumer behaviour. Data from the customers visiting big bazaar were collected as population study. The primary data was obtained through questionnaire and secondary data from the company records and through internet. The purpose of the survey process is to analyze the consumer behaviour of big bazaar. In order to achieve a competitive position in the market. The research work will propose a true idea that identifies key factors which are of great importance to customers. From the analysis it was found that the big bazaar satisfying consumer needs and wants.

House is centre and domestic device for mankind's moral and substance development ever since the dawn of civilization. Housing is one of the most important that we human beings need. Adequate housing is essential for human survival with dignity. There are many things that we would find difficult, if not impossible to do without good-quality housing. Housing shortage is an universal phenomenon. It is more acute in developing countries. The housing scenario has become more critical in India in recent years. India has initiated so many housing reform that has taken many forms and manifestations characterized by the reduction in social allocation, cutbacks in public funding and promotion of a real estate culture in close partnership between the state and private actors. Mortgage financing markets can play an important role in stimulating affordable housing markets and improving housing quality in many countries. Unfortunately, these are still in infancy in India. This lack of development often translates into lower homeownership rates or poor housing quality. Most of these problems stem from the central dilemma that the resources are always too limited and housing development heavily depend on the financial institutions such as banks, credit corporations and development banks for the supply of finance to meet their daily financial needs. Against this backdrop, this paper will assess basic nuances of Indian financing system.

The present paper empirically tested the relation of TQM practices on operational performance in both service and manufacturing industries. Hence the study used 300 participants from 50 service and manufacturing industries in India. The data was collected from respondents by using survey method. The questionnaire was designed on the relation of TQM practices on operational performance. Questionnaire covers the following TQM factors namely leadership, process management, employee management, continuous improvement, and customer focus. These questionnaires were shared to 300 respondents and the collected data was tested by using various tests such as frequency tests, descriptive, SEM analysis, correlation, multiple regression analysis tests etc. The study results found that the operational performance views Leadership, Strategic and Planning, Customer Focus, Information and Analysis, People Management and Quality Performance are statistically significant in both kinds of industries. Hence the application of TQM practices in both service and manufacturing industries is necessary to maintain the quality of the work as well as enhance the competition level in society.

Digital transformation and its relationship & impact of front end (Customer), especially on customer experience and customer satisfaction has been a focus of study for last three decades. What has started purely as a “After sales service” initially changed to service dominant logic, Customer relationship management and customer experience with evolution in thoughts accompanied by deep leaps in digital technology from computers of 1960’s to totally digital world of today. The changes in digital technology helped the “Front end -Customer side” to be in sync with the demands of the customers and paradigm shift in the customer service thoughts, knowledge, and practice. This review of literature is based on relationship between digital transformation and customer experience from 2006 to 2020 period, which saw a further dramatic change. Going hand in glove with each other digital transformation and customer experience has contributed to paradigm shift both internally & externally for business and end customers. While period of 1990 to 2000 can be called as initiation period ,2000 to 2005 is attributed to “Growth and adoption “of digital platforms into the customer facing processes. Era from 2006 to 2010 can be termed as a “stabilization era” while 2011 to 2020 with new technology started “Explosion era” in customer experience space with technologies like virtual and augmented reality.

In recent times in India, Women Entrepreneurship has becoming an emerging trending pace in the development of economy of self, their family and nation. The state of Tamil Nadu is one of the best industrially developing area where, Women Entrepreneurs excel in Small scale industry. In the last two decades, Women are facing many opportunities in Entrepreneurship which not only increases their self-sufficiency, self-esteem, education and growth but also helps their families and employees. They play a significant role in creation of employment opportunities exclusively for Women Job seekers. Though Women Entrepreneurs has positive impact on Entrepreneurship, they also face a lot of hurdles and problems especially in fund generation. Women Entrepreneurs must have good source of knowledge with regard to finance. For this, Government has introduced many financial schemes and training programmes among Women in order to promote Entrepreneurship which encourages them to earn self-income. Now a days, Many Government as well as Non-Government agencies plays a vital role in Women Entrepreneurship in the form of providing training, Loan disbursement, economic development and merchandising. The purpose of this article is to study the level of awareness of Government schemes among Women Entrepreneurs in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. This paper discusses about various Government schemes available to Women Entrepreneurs and lists out successful Women Entrepreneurs in Chennai. The data has been collected from two hundred (respondents) Women Entrepreneurs in Chennai. The hypothesis will be tested at 0.05% level of significance.

The research project entitled ‘Employee retention’ is an attempt to understand the opinion and attitudes of the various categories of employees of the SriSairam Hr. Sec. School, Prof Dhanapalan College for Arts and Science, Sri Krishna Engineering College towards the employee retention in the institution. It is important to explore factors which contribute with the retention of employees in this period of employee shortages and increased service demands in the field of education sector. This inquiry however was delimited to one of the branches of a fast growing private college which offer health science programs wherein all the teaching personnel are the respondents.

The present study how the HRD gives impact to job satisfaction with special reference to BSNL employees in three different SSAs. For this study, 928 respondents were selected by Stratified Proportionate Random Sampling Method. The JDI scale included Work, Supervision, Pay, Promotions, and Co-worker. According to the purpose of applied research, the analyzing of the model specifically is based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS. Based on SEM model indicates that HRD practices [Recruitment and

Supply chain management was challenged in different parts of the world because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Supply chains failed to provide products that became essential during the pandemic such as hand-sanitizers, cleaning or disinfection products. There were several factors that influenced the disruption of supply chain management during the pandemic. Supply shocks were caused at the beginning of the pandemic concerning specifically the availability of imported goods from China concerning both in-process products and finished goods. Many factories froze during the lockdowns. Generalized lockdowns all over the world caused a shock on demands because consumers wanted to buy any kind of products and they wanted to feel safe, even though stocks of some products were compromised. Some companies needed to adapt their supply chain to the demand such as companies that have been traditionally in the fashion industry or textile industry started producing hand-sanitizers or face masks. Another important element is the increase of the online shopping and home delivery services which was reflected on the supply chain management of these services by the companies that were offering them. This paper analyses the main factors of disruption of supply chain during the Covid-19 based on literature review. The paper starts with taking into consideration the role of supply chain risk management focusing on the operational risk of supply chains and as well as in inventory investments of some products that were necessary during the pandemic. Another dimension that was taken into consideration for the analysis was the monitoring of supply chains during the pandemic and their influence in supply chain management.

The current population of India is 1.28 billion people accounting for more than 17.5% of world's population. Out of which, 32% is urban and rest is rural. It faces a formidable challenge in providing adequate energy supplies to users at a reasonable cost. India's energy challenge is of fundamental importance. In the last six decades, India's energy use has increased 16 times and the installed electricity capacity by 84 times. Overall generation in the country has been increased from 967.150 BU during 2013–14 to 1048.673 BU during the year 2014–15. In 2008, India's energy use was the fifth highest in the world. Nevertheless, India as a country suffers from significant energy poverty and pervasive electricity deficits. In recent years, India's energy consumption has been increasing at a relatively fast rate due to population growth and economic development, even though the base rate may be somewhat low. With an economy projected to grow at 8–9% per annum, rapid urbanization and improving standards of living for millions of Indian households, the demand is likely to grow significantly. The broad vision behind India's integrated energy policy is to reliably meet the demand for energy services of all sectors including the lifeline energy needs of vulnerable households in all parts of the country with safe, clean and convenient energy at the least-cost. This must be done in a technically efficient, economically viable and environmentally sustainable manner using different fuels and forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional, as well as new and emerging energy sources to ensure supply at all times with a prescribed confidence. However, in the long run if we take the effect of the pollutants due to enormous use of fuels for power generation on human health and environment and cost as well as efforts needed to improve or alter the path of degradation, the initial higher cost of using renewable resources for producing energy may not be too big. A high degree of caution is also needed as emerging economies like India may not at present have financial resources to leapfrog directly to India's Energy Scenario − Current and Future http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 50 editor@iaeme.com cleaner mechanisms of energy. Since global warming is an international phenomenon and it has no boundaries there is an urgent need for the transfer of technology and development of appropriate financial instruments from developed the world to nations who are still trying to find their rightful places. In this paper the various sources for power generation have been discussed with their part in total energy scenario of India and the appropriate energy mix for future so as to balance between satisfying the growing energy demand and their after effects.

The introduction of Computer Accounting System (CAS) is expected to lead to effective accounting operations for the organizations. Despite the several benefits of CAS, incidences of fraudulent activities and untimely delivery of financial reports are rampant in public institutions most especially Federal Universities in Nigeria. This raises the question of whether the introduction of CAS has enhanced the efficiency of accounting-related work and the overall organization performance. The study examined computerized accounting system and performance of universities in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research survey design. Population of the study covered all the 779 staff in the Bursary Units of all the federal universities in the Southwest region of Nigeria, out of which 271 were sampled using convenience sampling techniques. An adapted close-ended questionnaire, subjected to validity and reliability test, was used to elicit information from the sampled respondents and thereafter, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for the analysis. The result reveals that all the predictor variables exert a positive effect on the performance of universities in the Southwest region of Nigeria with the following regression coefficients of 0.627, 0.098, 0.114, 0.442 and 0.334 for automated data-processing component, internal control component, automated reporting component, relational database component and enhancing technologies respectively. However, automated dataprocessing component, relational database component and enhancing technologies exert a positive and significant effect on performance to the tune of 0.0000.05 and 0.139>0.05. It was established that there existed a statistically significant effect of computerized accounting system on the performance.

Today, sustainability and corporate responsibility draw increased focus, along with technological advances, geopolitical and macroeconomic alterations, and demographic shifts is leading to a rapid organisational change in the external and internal environment of the global business landscape. (hanfield, 2014). The sourcing and Procurement function is increasingly mandated to fuel the growth and dexterity necessary in these volatile and uncertain times. CPOs and other senior executives are faced with a challenge to adapt to a dynamic business environment and to create greater business value. (Genpact, 2014) If purchase and supply chain managers are to embrace these challenges new skills, competencies and new ways of looking at supply structures and process need to be looked at. (hanfield, 2014). Many global businesses have gained efficient results through Procurement transformation initiatives in the past; however its current operating models are seldom able to deliver on these expectations due to large scale macroeconomic shifts and dramatic changes in the role of Procurement within organizations. The global Procurement fraternity is exploring an entirely new landscape to tackle these changing dynamics in global business. Over the next decade, Procurement officers will need to take on more holistic roles within their organization, guarding the corporate brand identity, advocating for sustainable business practices and back innovators who Dnyanesh Sarang, Giri Ganesh and Srikanth Pingali http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 52 editor@iaeme.com develop new products and services. This paper is an attempt to highlight the evolution of Procurement transformation principles demonstrated through an empirical study of large scale practices and conclude with new age approaches around Procurement transformation aligned with future requirements and expectations from the function.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a shop floor management model for processes and operations management that controls and enhances day-today facilities performance from following five axes: customer satisfaction, internal processes performance, problems solving and learning, continuous improvement, and Genshi Genbutsu. The model has been developed based on extensive review of literature on Lean Manufacturing, Lean Leadership, and operations management. The shop floor management model developed in this paper provides a useful daily agenda for the practical managers in monitoring and measuring of operations performance and enhances the Lean Leadership culture supposed as the critical factor in the success or failure of any Lean Manufacturing program.

Product costs are a significant determinant of both short-term and long-term decisions of businesses in terms of goal achievement. In determining the costs, businesses are expected to consider both the characteristics of the market (demand) and the business itself. Product costs are calculated by cost calculation methods. Cost calculation methods are normal costing method, full costing, variable costing. Full costing treats the costs of all manufacturing components (direct material, direct labor, variable factory overhead and fixed factory overhead) as inventoriable, or product, costs. Variable costing is a cost accumalition method that includes only variable production costs (direct materal, direct labor and variable factory overhead) as inventoriable, or product, cost. Normal costing method takes into account all the variable parts of production costs. The method handles fixed operating costs according to the rate of capacity utilization. In this study, the effects of choosing either full costing , variable costing or normal costing on costs in terms of varying amounts of production are analyzed

CSR is an emerging field of knowledge and needs some more attention and citation from researchers to grow up. Though the FMCG companies have a great impetus on the scenario of overall life style of the citizen of a country it becomes their ethical responsibility towards the society instead of just a mandatory obligation. This paper is to provide an overview on the initiatives taken and being taken by Indian FMCG companies and their impact on the society. All the data related to CSR of FMCG companies is collected from the official sites of all those companies and also by Wikipedia. This study provides us with an initial result that, though it is a new field of knowledge, still many companies are engaged in CSR activities with special focus on women empowerment and green & clean environment.

The scope of this research paper is to analyze the business benefits of Social Media practices in Pharma organizations and to provide some solutions towards the complex choice of Social Media channels. Social Media is a revolution of personal, professional, and commercial platform for interaction which are combined seamlessly, and in a blink of an eye. It promotes extreme cross-communication and interaction. Unlike traditional media channels, which offer a one-way experience, social media is based on a two-way interactive experience between the consumer and the company.

Women entrepreneurs' play an important role in local economies and a large percentage of micro-enterprises in developing countries are undertaken by women. Rural women frequently have primary responsibility for agricultural production, in addition to domestic responsibilities and childcare. In developing country like India where economic status of women is very pathetic especially in rural areas and opportunities of earning are very less in this scenario the Self Help Groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural women. This paper reviews concisely the literature in this field and addresses in particular opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas. It examined the impact on women empowerment through micro entrepreneurship development and SHGs. Women entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important source of economic growth as they create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business. Women's entrepreneurship contributes to the economic well-being of the family and communities and also reduces poverty. The growth of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is an evidence of the fact that women are coming out of their shells and maintaining their citizenship in the city. This study is carried out with the specific objective to know the socioeconomic background of the women SHG's, their knowledge, skills and earning capacity. The present paper discloses the challenge of women in entrepreneurship and also it focuses on their development in brief.

As Covid-19 has affected the whole economy and forced the organizations to work from home, the performance of employees has started increasing. This study focuses on the impact of telecommuting on job performance, job satisfaction, mental health and work life balance of employees along with analyzing the moderating effect of training using the survey data. Quantitative research approach is employed with survey data from 303 diverse sets of white-collar employees from different organizations of Pakistan. The results implicate that when employees telecommute while appraising the performance of employees’ results in job dissatisfaction, high intention to quit and low job performance.

There is a growing concern over work-family issues. The notion of balancing the two domains of people's lives due to the worse pandemic situation has put the world to rest; by making people stay at home and perform their regular duties through remote working, and this needs attention. This study aims to identify the various factors that af ect women's work-life balance during the lockdown caused by the COVID 19 pandemic. This study attempts to find professional and personal challenges and enhancers for work-life balance amongst working women through a survey of 128 women working in dif erent sectors in South India. The regression analysis findings show that job performance and personal wellbeing are the main determinants of women employees' work-life balance during work from home. This study would benefit all the sectors that employ women to realign their policies, benefit programs, work distribution, and make job changes inside the organization for an employee-friendly remote working experience, thereby improving the workforce's efficiency and productivity.