Inventions

Improving access to primary healthcare (PHC) for vulnerable populations is important for achieving health equity, yet this remains challenging. Evidence of effective interventions is rather limited and fragmented. We need to identify innovative ways to improve access to PHC for vulnerable populations, and to clarify which elements of health systems, organisations or services (supply-side dimensions of access) and abilities of patients or populations (demand-side dimensions of access) need to be strengthened to achieve transformative change. The work reported here was conducted as part of IMPACT (Innovative Models Promoting Access-to-Care Transformation), a 5-year Canadian-Australian research program aiming to identify, implement and trial best practice interventions to improve access to PHC for vulnerable populations. We undertook an environmental scan as a broad screening approach to identify the breadth of current innovations from the field. We distributed a brief online survey to...

Innovative and high-end techniques have been recently developed in academic institutes and are gradually being employed in our daily lives for improving living quality, namely, artificial intelligence (AI) technology, autonomous cars, hyper-loop for high-speed transportation, miniaturization of electronic devices, heat dissipation from cooling films to outer space, and so on [...]

Tubular pipe structures have been used in various applications-domestic, aviation, marine, manufacturing and material testing. The applications of tubular pipes have been considered greatly in the installation of tubular pipes, marine risers and pipe bending. For the investigation of plastic strains and the mechanical behaviour of a tube under bending, considerations were made utilising an exponent model with assumptions on the plane strain. The bending moment, wall thickness effect, cross-sectional distribution, stresses during bending and neutral layer boundaries were all presented as necessary theoretical formulations on the physics of tubular pipe bending. This model was based on the analytical and numerical investigation. In principle, the application can be observed as the spooling of pipes, bending of pipes and reeling. Comparisons were made on two models developed on the finite element analysis in Simscale OpenFEA, namely the linear-elastic and the elasto-plastic models. Thi...

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

An ever-increasing demand for electrical power and soaring levels of energy consumption around the world have led to an energy crisis. Thus, this paper aims to review the conventional technologies against those of newer developments in electrical power generation such as using nitrogen generators. The nitrogen generator method is most appealing as it is a seemingly free energy already existing in nature. A nitrogen generator with a 5000 (Nm3/h) capacity has the potential to be used to analyze gas composition and the results are compared with the gas composition of a conventional steam turbine, which is used to pressurize 6000 (kWh) injection steam turbines. The magnetic bearing must be installed in both systems to modify all centrifuged systems which reduces all energy consumption in all systems by more than 50%. Artificial intelligence is used with the machine to analyze and control nitrogen gas flow to provide a more precise evaluation resulting in a more efficient technology. It ...

This paper presents a new compact microstrip filtering antenna with modified shaped slots to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed microstrip filtering antenna consists of three parts: the monopole radiating patch antenna; the Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) filter; and the feeding microstrip line. The designed structure is achieved on one-sided glass epoxy FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant εr = 4.4 and thickness h = 1.6 mm. The design procedure of the proposed filtering antenna starts from the second-order Chebyshev low pass filter (LPF) prototype. The achieved results show an excellent performance of S11-parameter with broadside antenna gain on +z-direction. Having two transmission zeros at 5.4 GHz and 7.7 GHz, good skirt selectivity and a wide-band impedance bandwidth of about 1.66 GHz makes the designed filtering antenna suitable for high-speed data communications. Both the simulation results generated by using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software pa...

Parallel Wiring: Brazil and the invention of the solid body electric guitar The sound of the Trio Elétrico is the sound of carnaval in the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia. In 1950 two local musicians, Dodô Nascimento and Osmar Macêdo, paraded during Salvador's Carnival performing in a 1929 Ford equipped with two speakers. These speakers were amplifying their unique electric instruments; a solid body electric guitar trio of cavaquinho (the Brazilian soprano guitar), violão (the six-string guitar) and triolim (tenor guitar). This was the very first Trio Elétrico to perform in Bahia and from that moment Trio Elétricos and the guitarra baiana became synonymous with carnaval in Salvador and Brazil. During the 1930s and 40s when the electric guitar was being developed in North America, the electric guitarra baiana appeared independently in Salvador, Bahia. This curious coincidence has inspired claims that the solid-body electric guitar may have been invented in Brazil. The invention of the electric guitar in the 20 th Century had an enormous impact on the practise, popularity and commercialisation of music. The relationship between the guitar and the listening public was forever altered with the introduction of electromagnetic pickups, amplification and the solid body electric guitar. The creation and development of the electric guitar and its related electronics reflected the changing times, both artistically and culturally (Brosnac 1975).The evolution of the guitar into an electronic instrument was inevitable, increased volume becoming a musical necessity with the expansion in the size of bands in the 1930's. Without going into advanced electronics and engineering, it is fair to say that the pickup is the essential element in any electric guitar. The magnetic field created by the pickup transforms the vibration of the string into an electronic signal that can then be amplified (Tolinski and Di Perna, 2016). Traditional acoustic guitar building focuses on the soundboard as the source of tone production, and the early electric guitar experiments focused on attempts to amplify the vibrations of the guitar's soundboard. However, it was George Beauchamp that realised the string is the best source of vibration (Tolinski and Di Perna, 2016). In 1930-31 Beauchamp had mounted his early pickup experiments on a piece of two-by-four inch timbre using just a single string as the source of vibration, with his design proving to be successful he went about building a full-sized guitar prototype. Tolinski and Di Perna (2016) suggest that while others had tried this kind of thing, it appears only Beauchamp followed through his experiment to its logical conclusion. Beauchamp enlisted the help of his friends, Aldoph Rickenbaker, Harry Watson and Paul Berth to design and build a full-size electric guitar. Together the four men created the Ro-Pat-In company. The initial design they came up with was the 'Frying pan' also called the 'Panhandle' and 'Pancake'. These descriptive names appear apt as the instrument's long neck and small circular body shape resembled a frying pan. The original prototype was made from wood; however, the production models were made from aluminium, a result of the Ro-Pat-In legacy of having worked in The National String Instrument Corporation making cast-iron Dobro instruments. (Tolinski and Di Perna, 2016). The instrument was primarily designed for playing Hawaiian-style, that is horizontally on the lap, although it could be also played using a traditional posture, at the time referred to as Spanish Style. In 1932 the A-25 production model, 25 referring to the scale length in inches, was launched followed by the A-22 which went on to outsell the 25-inch model. The guitar was branded Ro-Pat-In, then Rickenbahcer and ultimately Rickenbacker Electro. The market in the early 1930's was essentially professional players. (Tolinski and Di Perna, 2016).

A perpetual calendar that determines the day of any Gregorian calendar date that is in Anno Domini. This one-page perpetual calendar has five main tables: Days of the Week, Months, Days of the Month, Years and Leap Years. The Days of the Week contains days (Sunday to Saturday) and numbers (0, 1, …, 6).  The Days of the Week repeats twice here. The Months contains months (January to December). The Days of the Month contains whole numbers (1 to 31). The Years (a table with tables) has four tables: Thousands’ Place, Hundreds’ Place, Tens’ Place and Ones’ Place. The Thousands’ Place contains numbers (1000, 2000, …, 9000). The Hundreds’ Place contains numbers (100, 200, …, 900). The Tens’ Place contains numbers (10, 20, …, 90). The Ones’ Place contains whole numbers (1 to 9). The Leap Years (a table with tables) has three tables: Leap Years Before a Centennial, Centennials and Millenniums. The Leap Years Before a Centennial contains numbers (4, 8, …, 96). The Centennials contains numbers (100, 200, …, 900). The Millenniums contains numbers (1000, 2000, …, 9000). Methods that adhere to both the Gregorian calendar and the Fortunado’s algorithm (an algorithm for knowing the day of any Gregorian calendar date that is in Anno Domini) are used to determine which row and column the contents are placed. Modifications will be made to make a calendar for each year. Modifications will be made to know the day of any Gregorian calendar date later than 9999 Anno Domini.

In wide voltage range applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) onboard charging, conventional frequency modulated LLC topology has its intrinsic limitations. Its frequency span is extremely wide and the soft switching feature might get lost. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LLC resonant converter. The pulse width and frequency hybrid modulation are adopted to narrow down its switching frequency span. The operating principles, circuit modeling, and the design methodology are presented. A 1 kW rated prototype has been built to realize an efficient power flow between the 400 V DC bus and 200–440 V battery pack. The designed prototype validates the effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation method. 96.8% peak efficiency is measured for the constructed experimental prototype.

Remote sensing offers the capability of observing an object without being in contact with the object. Throughout the recent history of agriculture, researchers have observed that different wavelengths of light are reflected differently by plant leaves or canopies and that these differences could be used to determine plant biophysical characteristics, e.g., leaf chlorophyll, plant biomass, leaf area, phenological development, type of plant, photosynthetic activity, or amount of ground cover. These reflectance differences could also extend to the soil to determine topsoil properties. The objective of this review is to evaluate how past research can prepare us to utilize remote sensing more effectively in future applications. To estimate plant characteristics, combinations of wavebands may be placed into a vegetative index (VI), i.e., combinations of wavebands related to a specific biophysical characteristic. These VIs can express differences in plant response to their soil, meteorolog...

George and Shalva Kokochashvili, from Tbilisi, Georgia, Civil engineers, inventor, fencers (epee) from 1972 year. Authors of 16 inventions (sanitary engineering: new design of the bath tubs which can be used for the handicap peoples, medicine: eyelid plastic surgery, surgery, burn, water therapy new design of the bath tubs; sport: fencing and other kind of sport), which are protected by Georgian and USSR Patents and two published books. On April, 2016 we published electronic book " Innovations and Inventions in Fencing" (English and Georgian versions). The work (about 320 pages, A4 format) is a compilation of various pieces of information and contains a wealth of graphical material (some of which is being published for the first time), about fencing history, fencing weapons, fencing for disabled people, Georgian and other historical fencing; a description and explanation of existing fencing equipment and its evolution and innovations up to the present; fencing training devices; various worldwide inventions, including devices by the us-Kokochashvili brothers (specifically, new fencing handle designs and several training devices that can be used not only by fencers but in other kind of sport and by disabled or blind people; fencing equipment suppliers and other interesting and unusual information about famous people engaged in fencing, and much more besides. In the British magazine "The Sword" (2016, January) was published information/review about our book. Besides of this, we also have received various short references about our work from fencing experts: Giancarlo Toran (Italy), Richard Cohen and Malcolm Fare (UK).

Projede Kurşun ve Çinko hazırlama teknikleri kullanılarak Türkiye’deki Çinko’nun katı ile sıvı ayrımının Kızıl Ötesi ışınımla ile yapılabilirliği açısından değerlendirme olanaklarının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada endüstriyi yakından ilgilendiren çinko madeninin, katma değerli ürün kazanımı için geçtiği aşamalar hakkında ve kızılötesi ışınımla kurutucu tasarlanması hakkında ilgili bilgiler ele alınmıştır. Çinkonun hangi sanayilerde kullandığı, işletilmesi ve önemi açıklanmıştır. Kurutucu tipleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve kızılötesi ışınımla kurutucunun diğerlerinden avantajları ele alınmıştır. Çinko konsantresinin çıkarıldığı ve işlem gördüğü yerler ile alındığı yer ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiş ve uygulanması istenilen endüstriyel ölçekli kızılötesi ışınımla kurutucu ve deneysel ölçekte kızılötesi ışınımla kurutucu tasarımı yapılmıştır. Çinko cevheri gerekli uygun koşular sağlanarak kızılötesi ışınımla kurutularak bu sistemin fizibilite çalışması ortaya koyulmuştur. Tez kapsamında literatür çalışması olarak Türkiye ve Dünya’da çinko hakkında yapılan yayınlar derlenmiştir. Çalışmanın deneysel kısmında ise Türkiye’nin Balıkesir Balya bölgesinden alınan çinko numuneleri kullanılmıştır. Alınan numuneler üzerinde nem analizleri yapılmış ve tasarlan cihaz içinde kızıl ötesi ışınım ile muamele edilerek nem oranı saptanmıştır.Bu katı sıvı ayrımı sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmiştir.Bu alanda yapılabilinecek çalışmalar için bir ön araştırma niteliği ortaya çıkarılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın yapılması sonucu edilecek kâr ortaya koyulmuştur.

This paper presents a strategical project for the new version of the Moroccan energy policy. It highlights the technology of solar water heaters (SWH), studying energy, economic and environmental gains of SWH generalization to satisfy the total resident need proposing a new strategic version diversified in terms of adopted technologies (more than green electricity). A detailed analysis of thermal performances and economic profitability of direct thermosyphon solar water heaters (TSWH) for residential requirements in Morocco. The optimum design parameters were defined and investigated using the dynamic TRNSYS simulation program. The optimum system was simulated under the six climatic conditions of Morocco in order to assess the related performances in terms of the collector efficiency and solar fraction. The major finding of this work is that large-scale integration of TSWH into Moroccan residences could provide up to 70% of thermal energy loads. An economic study was also developed ...

The preferences of customers are rapidly changing with the changes in trends. Similar situation is also faced by restaurant sector which forces them to stay in the process of adaptation in relation with the changes in customers’ demands and needs. Some of the challenges which the restaurant sector is facing are; customers’ preferences over healthier food, advancement in technology over delivery of food and dining experience, new entrants, environmental sustainability, marketing strategies, heightened expectations of customers and food processing methods. The businesses can cope up with these challenges through innovation, which is a tool that can provide competitive advantage in order to survive in the rapidly changing and cutthroat environment. This report will elaborate the notions "Innovation" and "Commercialization" in depth which can be beneficial for entrepreneurs to boost their businesses.

this work is written in french.
if you want to use the code i used please mention our names don't take credit from our work you can make it better but like i said please just mention our names if you used our code from here.
there is some mistakes because i didn't finish correcting somethings.

The Town of Lee, Massachusetts USA potable flotation-filtration plant with a design capacity of 2.0 MGD (7570 m/day) was commissioned in December, 1998 to serve a population of approximately 6400 residents. The Lee plant utilizes the following treatment processes: chemical addition, oxidation, coagulation, dissolved air flotation, automatic backwash dual media filtration, and disinfection / corrosion control. To comply with the required filtering of their three (3) surface water sources the Town chose to install an innovative Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) system as the best and most economical answer to their needs. In clarification of the design 2.0 MGD (7570 m/day) flow two (2) Krofta Sandfloat SAF BP-24 dissolved air flotation-filtration clarifiers (DAFF) were utilized as the main treatment system in the plant. This book chapter presents the overall structural design, design criteria, and performance data of the Krofta Sandfloat flotation-filtration clarifiers (DAFF) installed at...

Managing large numbers of employees in an international context can be a real challenge, particularly when a consistent and uniform handling of employees and their employment contracts is required across the corporation globally. Subtleties of local law also have to be taken into consideration, from statutory requirements regarding working time and vacation to regulatory requirements regarding remuneration, just to name but a few. One important aspect of employment contracts is the assignment of IP rights to the employer. It goes without saying that the employer must be entitled to use the employees’ work product. However, how this can be effected in various jurisdictions is not obvious in many cases. In this article, we touch on only some of the important points in a . Specific IP assignment agreements will need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

The introduction of hot blast was the most important development in early 19th century iron smelting. The conventional story of James Beaumont Nielson’s 1828 patent has been widely accepted since the 1840s. This paper re-appraises the development of hot blast in the light of an earlier patent of Thomas Botfield, and suggests that many elements of Botfield’s development anticipated those of Nielson. The role of Gilbert Gilpin, and through him connections with John Wilkinson and the iron industry in South Wales, are also discussed. It is argued that the early development of hot blast iron smelting in fact remains poorly understood, and some suggestions are made for improving understanding.

This book is dedicated to the great Georgian modern artist David Kakabadze (1889-1952). This book compares the importance of David Kakabadze’s creative work against the background of world avant-garde art of the beginning of the 20th century. This book is of interest for art historians and other experts, studying Georgian and Soviet art/culture, modern art and, especially, abstract art.

In a growing number of battery-driven applications the need of removing any position and speed transducer is taking over due to space, cost and mechanical reliability constraints, further than making the installation easier as requiring less wiring. This paper presents the development of a sensorless algorithm capable of running an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM), assuring constant torque production in the whole speed range, form standstill to high speeds. This is achieved with an hybrid method: at standstill and very low speeds the saliency of the IPM is exploited through an High Frequency Signal Injection (HFSI), which assures a robust estimation of the rotor position. At medium to high speeds an advanced V-I estimator is adopted in order to enhance the motor performances. The developed algorithm comes out of being highly scalable as it requires very little tuning, resulting in a multi-purpose application which can be employed with any motor size.

This review synthesizes field research, textual analysis, and archaeometric data to evaluate different explanations for the spread of iron in the ancient Near East. Current evidence supports an Anatolian origin for extractive iron metallurgy on a limited scale sometime in the early 2nd millennium BC. However, the first major expansion of iron, both in Anatolia and across the wider Near East, occurred in the late second and early first millennium BC. Explanations that place iron adoption within its broader social context are favored over those that consider material or geological properties in isolation. A recurring theme is the importance of comparative analysis, both geographically and between the iron and bronze economies, to explore how social, political, and economic conditions affected adoption patterns.

L’invenzione del periscopio per sommergibili è rivendicata da americani, francesi, inglesi e italiani. Il recente ritrovamento dell’archivio di Paolo Triulzi - geniale e poco conosciuto inventore italiano - ha permesso una ricostruzione della priorità italiana nell’invenzione del periscopio, nonché delle vicende concernenti l’invenzione del “Telops Triulzi” e del “Cleptoscopio Russo-Laurenti".

The invention of the periscope for submarines is claimed by the American, French, English, and Italian. The recent discovery of the archive of Paolo Triulzi - brilliant and little known Italian inventor - has allowed a reconstruction of the Italian priority in the invention of the periscope,  and the dispute concerning the invention of the "Telops Triulzi" and the "Cleptoscopio Russo-Laurenti".

In this article, I provide some reflections on critical digital health research in the context of Health's 20th anniversary. I begin by outlining the various iterations of digital technologies that have occurred since the early 1990s - from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 to Web 3.0. I then review the research that has been published on the topic of digital health in this journal over the past two decades and make some suggestions for the types of directions and theoretical perspectives that further sociocultural and political research could tackle. My concluding comments identify four main areas for further research: (1) devices and software, (2) data materialisations, (3) data practices and (4) data mobilities.

Simondon's poorly examined theory of imagination reveals a number of interesting possibilities. On the one hand, by grounding the function of images within the idea of a cycle, it provides an attempt of reconciliation between the assumptions that privilege either reproduction or creativity. On the other hand, his view might also be conceived as a serious alternative to various theoretical stances that characterize the problem of imagination strictly within a dichotomy between individual subject and social imaginaries. e paper proposes a reading of Simondon's lectures given between 1965 and 1966 in Sorbonne in the broader context of his philosophy and outlines the role of imagination that exceeds imagining subject as well as establishing the mode of correlation with associated milieu, which performs the conditioning of its potentiality. Rejecting the primacy of representation, Simondon's take enables one to draw the conclusion that imagination can be attributed to all living beings and conceived as the function of life.

Proposing a rhetorical definition of fictionality as intentionally signaled invention in communication, this article shows how a historical investigation of fictionality can inform our understanding of the rise of the English novel in the 18th-century. The essay situates its approach to fictionality in relation to work on the concept by both historians of the novel, especially Catherine Gallagher, and narratologists, especially Richard Walsh. The essay then analyzes salient passages related to fictionality in Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749), Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (first edition 1764, second edition 1766) and Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1888, written in 1798-99). These analyses demonstrate that signs and discussions of fictionality in the early novel change in ways that reflect the development of the genre: whereas Fielding and Walpole explicitly proclaim to be founders of new provinces of writing, Austen incorporates a discussion of fictionality into the established but still-contested genre. More generally, the essay shows that the discourse on fictionality within the early novel reveals how its practitioners understood the genre’s relations to realism, to truth, and to the neighboring genres of romance and history.

„Lucrarea conține o abordare cu totul aparte a istoriei aviației și cosmonauticii, prezentând cât mai obiectiv toate elementele istorice și maniera în care au evoluat, căutând să se îndepărteze cât mai mult de abordările de tip propagandistic. Din păcate, istoria aviației și cosmonauticii, dat fiind caracterul de vârf al acestor domenii, face (încă) obiectul predilect al serviciilor de propagandă, fiecare stat căutând să minimalizeze meritele celorlalte și totodată, să prezinte în mod exagerat propriile merite... Lucrarea de față a încercat să facă o expunere cât mai cuprinzătoare a tuturor celor care au avut merite în domeniul aviaticii și cosmonauticii, fără a supraevalua ori subevalua în mod nejustificat contribuțiile vreunuia, ci dimpotrivă, încercând să pună toate acestea la justa lor valoare în istoria universală a științei și tehnicii. O evaluare cât mai corectă și precisă a trecutului și a evoluției istorice nu poate decât să pună bazele unei previzionări corecte a viitorului”.
Colonel (r) Dr. Ing. RADU Marin

The paper reviews all the inventions Pliny the Elder attributes to the Phrygians (copper working, four-wheeled vehicle, harnessing pairs of horses, transverse flute, double oboe, Phrygian musical mode, and embroidering with a needle) and tries to identify possible sources of these reports and the reasons why these particular discoveries were deemed “Phrygian” in the classical tradition. The analysis is focused on the literary tradition out of which Pliny made a compilation, and not on what we would now call the “real” historical origins of the abovementioned inventions. Each discovery is placed within the context of this tradition, but with- out isolating it from the immediate context of Pliny’s catalogue. The topics related to the Phrygian people within the frames of the ancient tradition can conventionally be divided into three groups: “mythological”, “sacred” and “realistic”, and the inventions or in- ventors Pliny mentions can, in fact, be subsumed under these three categories. Even though at first glance there seems to be no logical pattern to the “Phrygian discoveries” as listed by Pliny, this ap- proach helps demonstrate that the scarce information on Phrygian inventors offered by Pliny the Elder only seems random, but in fact the Roman author gives a synthesis of all the aspects of the rich lit- erary tradition about this people.