Lightning Protection

AG Parafudr sistemleri, yıldırım ve aşırı gerilimden korunmak için çok önemlidir. Son yıllarda tüm dünyada artan yıldırımlı gün sayısı, fabrikalardan otellere birçok tesisi için maliyetleri attırdı. Yanan kamera sistemlerinden, data serverlerine birçok sistem ag parafudr sistemleri ile koruma altına alınmalıdır.

A physics-based model describing the thermal interaction between a lightning channel and a composite structure has been developed. The model includes: (i) spatial and temporal evolution of the lightning channel as a function of the electric current waveform; (ii) temporary and spatially non-uniform heat flux generated at the composite structure, where the heat flux is an explicit function of the electric current waveform and the instant lightning channel radius; (iii) nonlinear transient heat transfer problem formulation for layered anisotropic composites that accounts for temperature-dependent material properties,  a moving boundary of the expanding lightning channel, and phase transition moving boundary associated with instantaneous material removal due to sublimation. The model is applied for evaluation of thermal damage of the tip glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite panel of the Sandia 100-meter All-glass Baseline Wind Turbine Blade (SNL 100-00) subjected to lightning strike.

This paper aimed to model lightning strike events and evaluate its correlation with power outages in a Nigerian power distribution system. A specified coastal distribution network of southwest Nigeria was selected as a case study. Zone-specific records of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes for 84 months were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet); records of power outage frequencies and durations for 36 months were obtained at the substations of the selected distribution network. Using numerical statistical analysis techniques, lightning activity in the system area were characterized in relative frequency terms, and correlation statistics were evaluated and analyzed for power outages and lightning events on the 11kV, 33kV, and 132kV voltage levels. An analysis of the results shows that the modelled lightning strike events patterns are closely related but the expected frequencies vary from one zone to another; and there is correlation between lightning strike and power outages in the distribution networks, which is strong and positive at the 33 kV and 132 kV circuits. In essence, the results provided salient information, useful for power systems lightning protection review, management and planning in the area. Keyword: Lightning strike Cloud-ground flash Coastal power grid Power outage Power outage duration Power outage frequency Correlation Relative intensity Metrological zones Lightning protection

Here the readers can find basics of modern lightning protection technologies and essentials of grounding technics inlcuyding products and other devices manufactured by ORBITAL Lightning Protection.

Here are the details of working schedule and sketchs of ORBITAL LightninG Terminals with its technical aspects.

More cites and information for https://orbitaltechs.com

Lightning is a natural phenomenon in which large amounts of electricity are discharged from one location to another through open air, resulting in a bright arc of light. During an electrical storm, clouds begin to build up powerful electric fields, eventually ionizing the air around them and developing a powerful current. These areas, called step leaders, form paths of ionized air (or plasma) that slowly make their way toward the Earth. If a step leader makes contact with another ionized path, called a positive streamer, it creates a completed path for the plasma to travel on, allowing the accumulated current in the cloud to travel between the two points. This results in a lightning bolt and an explosion of air, which we call thunder. This project discusses the steps to design earthing and lightning protection system on building. The building is made strong and resistive against lightning strikes by making the building as negatively charged structure with use of cathodic protection materials and coatings. In addition, treating the problems that affects the structure gets reduced by lightning protection method which are determined by experiments and case studies.

CV. Dikasoftindo adalah perusahaan Internet Service Provider, yang tidak hanya mengerjakan Sistem Jaringan Internet, tapi juga mengerjakan beberapa proyek Sistem Informasi, Pemrograman, Design Web, Pemeliharaan Lab, Pengadaan Komputer dan Sistem Sekuriti.

Extensive Engineering & Service is a leading engineering and consulting firm in Bangladesh Working with the connection of renowned Buyers, Alliance for Bangladesh worker safety, Bangladesh Accord and others renowned organization. We also provide electrical-fire safety consultancy, rectification & follow-up services, electrical & fire design,drawing etc.

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Insulation Coordination is a designing criteria for any electrical equipment which enables the design of an insulation for the equipment in such a way that it minimizes interruptions during steady state conditions and also minimizes damages in case of transient over voltages and this is done economically.

Insulation coordination of Ultra high voltage (UHV) system plays a vital role as the voltages in UHV are in the order of 1200 kV hence during faults when the voltage rises up to 7 p.u. the equipment under consideration can undergo heavy damages. To prevent these effects from happening and to understand the intensity of these effects these faults are simulated in ATP EMTP and its effects are observed and presented here. According the data obtained protection device are used to mitigate the overvoltages to acceptable Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Level (BIL) and Basic Switching Impulse Insulation Level (BSL) ratings of the given transmission system.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the safety measures against overvoltages in the light of what research and experience allow, to find the best conditions for effective protection.

The thesis examines:
- Lightning damage, describing the characteristic aspects of lightning, and to a large extent the damage caused by overvoltages also on a statistical basis;
- The main types of overvoltage;
- Legislation and technical regulations of interest;
- Components for impulse type overvoltage protection, in particular with regard to overvoltage limiters (SPD);
- Analysis of the problems deriving from the installation of the SPDs, in order to obtain a valid sizing and coordination of the same without penalizing their protection against indirect contacts;
- Analysis of software that supports the risk assessment and the design of the lightning protection system;
- Application example of a use case, following both regulatory procedures and using one of the software already mentioned.

Prof Ali Al’Amin Mazrui (1933-2014) comes from a generation of eminent Scholars. His father, Sh. Al-Amin b. Ali Mazrui (1891-1947) was the 25th scholar in the Mazrui family tree following in the footsteps of his father and forefathers.

Sheikh Al-Amin Mazrui was one of the great men of letters in East African History. He was a writer, an editor, a critic of Swahili and Arabic poetry, a theologian, a newspaperman, and a social reformer. Sh. Al-Amin has been the subject of research by so many scholars over the years. There are several research papers and thesis that are available in libraries and archives round the world about him.

Prof Mazrui’s grandfather, Sheikh Ali bin Abdalla bin Naf’i Mazrui (1825-1894) was a central figure in the history of Islam in the East African Coast. He was a widely travelled Scholar (‘Ulamaa), a sort of visiting professor. He was a scholar par excellence whose legacy includes many of the modern day reformers among the East African religious leaders.

This paper traces the scholarly path that Prof Mazrui followed in the footsteps of his forefathers.

On August the 18th 2019 the press agency Russia Today (RT) one of the treated items had as title:  “American man miraculously missed by lightning strike (VIDEO)” This is what the article says: Every so often Mother Nature lets us know who’s boss with a display of her awesome power. One such casual flex was caught on video this week as a Carolina man miraculously dodged a lightning strike by the narrowest of margins. The footage shows him walking to his car in inclement weather in  South Carolina. Suddenly, a quick crack of lightning strikes within inches of his body, prompting him to drop his umbrella and scarper away, writing afterwards: Supa thankful to have been able to motor scoot out of there without major injuries”. In this article we will take a closer look into this incident.

This paper deals with investigation of safety for lightning protection of high structures. It has been also put forth that rolling – sphere method have advantageous and disadvantageous of have been analysed. Designing an air-termination system has shown that the graphical method of the "rolling sphere" is a powerful analysis in studying globally the interactions both among the structures on the roof of the same object and among the structures of surrounding technological installations, and constructions.

In electrical protection, there is a method of electrical protection of buildings against atmospheric discharges called the electro-geometric method or the rolling sphere method. So far, it is possible to achieve the implementation of this method graphically, that is, representing through plans and technical drawings, the protection conditions of the analyzed structure and obtaining from these graphic representations the protection parameters with the consequent errors caused by the scales and dimensions of the work plane. In the present work, a mathematical model is obtained that allows, using specific calculations, to analyze the dynamic behavior of a protection system against atmospheric discharges without worrying about the limitations given by the scales and planes. The set of equations obtained in the model allows us to determine the different parameters that define the protection system against atmospheric discharges (lightning) without depending on the graphical representation of the system's topology.

Laminated carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite structures experience rapid temperature rise, resin decomposition, delamination, thermal ablation, and possible dielectric breakdown subjected to lightning strikes. The predictive analysis of these damage is challenging due to the complicated electric-thermal-mechanical-chemical coupling effects. In this paper, the basic physics, problem formulations, and numerical approaches for such multiphysics analysis are thoroughly reviewed. Limitations of the existing problem formulations and numerical approaches are extensively discussed. Possible solutions to overcome those limitations and future directions on improving the fidelity and accuracy of such predictive analysis are also provided. In addition, part of the material properties that are required for these analyses, such as the temperature-dependent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the composite lamina, the fracture properties of the interface resin, and the dielectric breakdown strength of the composite laminate are collected from various sources and are provided in this paper.

_The results of measuring residual voltage of metal oxide surge arresters (MOSAs) show that MOSA has dynamic behavior against switching and lightning overvoltages. For this reason, to obtain the real behavior of MOSA, several models have been proposed. In this paper, regarding the importance of MOSA modeling and selecting an appropriate model in different studies, four models-IEEE, Pinceti, Fernandez, and P-K are analyzed under different scenarios. The simulation results are also compared with the manufacturer's data and the accuracy of mentioned models are determined in details. This study, which is performed by EMTP-RV ® software, indicates that concentrating on the particular model for all studies does not provide the appropriate accuracy.

The advent of sensitive electronic equipment, which
requires high-quality electric power and, at the same time,
is more susceptible to electromagnetic interference, poses new
challenges for power system transient simulation techniques
and algorithms. Power transmission line networks, due to their
vast physical dimensions, are the most critical components of
a complex power system from the reliability point of view
in relation to direct lightning strike. The majority of outages
in transmission lines are caused by back-flashovers and the
tower-footing grounding impedance plays an important role in
this context. To have an accurate estimation of the overvoltages in
transmission lines, electromagnetic transient (EMT) compatible
equivalent circuits of the grounding electrodes has been developed
in this paper and the effect of frequency dependent effects has
been studied using Finite Element Method (FEM). The objectives
of this paper are to accurately estimate the overvoltages/surge
in the transmission lines, and to develop a model to predict
back-flashovers. The developed models will significantly improve
the accuracy of EMT analysis of lightning discharge and its
impact on the complex power systems.

The extent of thermal damage in the glass fiber reinforced composite blade is highly dependent on the severity of the lightning current, which also determines the mechanism of lightning-strike-induced heat transfer in the composite.  Lightning attachment at the electrically non-conductive glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite surface may come as a direct heat injection. However, if the electric field at the attachment point is sufficient, the breakdown of the GFRP composite occurs. In this case, in addition to the direct heat injection at the surface, Joule heating will be produced in the newly conductive glass fiber reinforced composite. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether dielectric breakdown can occur prior to formulating the problem.
In this work, lightning-strike induced heat transfer in a GFRP composite wind turbine blade is analyzed.  First, several models are employed to estimate the electric field in the vicinity of a wind turbine blade to determine if dielectric breakdown occurs. The wind turbine blade under consideration is the Sandia 100-meter All-glass Baseline Wind Turbine Blade (SNL 100-00). Results show that the dielectric breakdown of the composite blade is not likely to occur for a lightning stepped leader under three lightning protection levels (LPL I, LPL II and LPL III). Therefore, only the direct heat injection problem at the composite blade surface is considered, and the nonlinear transient heat transfer problem for a layered temperature-dependent GFRP  composite panel is solved using finite element analysis.

The horizontal distance that intracloud (IC) and cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes extend from thunderstorms is presented for warm season nonsevere storms near Cape Canaveral, FL. The Warning Decision Support System–Integrated Information (WDSS-II) software allowed us to ingest, display, and make distance calculations using radar reflectivity data from nearby National Weather Service Offices and lightning information from the National Lightning Detection Network and the local Lightning Detection and Ranging network. The flash distances were determined manually using a measuring tool within WDSS-II. Six categories of flashes were investigated: (a) CG flashes measured from the edge of the convective core (30 dBZ) to the ground strike location that is beneath the attached anvil, (b) CG " bolt from the blue " flashes measured from cloud edge (0 dBZ) to the ground strike point that contains only 0 dBZ overhead, (c) CG bolt from the blue flashes as in Category B but measured from the edge of the precipitation (18 dBZ), (d) IC flashes that exit a portion of the cloud that is not an anvil, measured from cloud edge (0 dBZ), (e) IC flashes within anvils measured from the edge of convective precipitation (30 dBZ) to the termination point within the anvil, and (f) IC flashes exiting the edge (0 dBZ) of anvils. Results for each category are presented in the forms of frequency distributions of distances and their cumulative frequency distributions.

The aperiodic occurrence of widespread contamination related outages in Florida resulted in a project to develop a contaminadon monitoring system. Along with original research work this project brings together knowledge from diverse technical fields to produce a practical, field deployable, contamination monitoring system. Testing of the system, both in a controlled testing environment and on operating transmission lines, has verified the ability of the system to monitor the buildup of contamination as well as the natural washing of insulation.

Here the readers can find basics of modern lightning protection technologies and essentials of grounding technics inlcuyding products and other devices manufactured by ORBITAL Lightning Protection.

Here are the details of working schedule of VIRTU Lightning Strike Counter with its technical aspects.

More cites and information for https://orbitaltechs.com

This paper presents a comparative study on the electric field and its derivative parameters of negative lightning in Malaysia and other regions. This study is the first in Malaysia where the parameters of negative electric field and its derivative are thoroughly analyzed. 104 negative lightning flashes containing 277 negative return strokes occurring within 10–100 km from the measuring station and recorded during monsoon period in the state of Johor, Malaysia had been analyzed. It was found that 73% of the recorded flashes are multiple strokes with an average multiplicity of 2.6 strokes per flash. For first return strokes, the arithmetic mean (AM) of initial peak electric field and the AM of initial peak electric field derivative are 21.8 V/m and 11.3 V/m/ms, respectively. The initial peaks of electric field and its derivative for first return strokes are larger than those for the subsequent return strokes. Comparison of overall results with those obtained earlier in Sri Lanka, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Florida indicates that several electric field and its derivative parameters are affected by propagation media and geographical region. Similarity of results with other countries having the same climatic condition is also observed.

Receptor plays an essential role in determining the efficiency of lightning strike protection on wind turbine blades. To investigate the effects of receptors with different shapes and sizes on the lightning strike protection, we apply five different receptor configurations to the blade of a high fidelity wind turbine model. The static electric field strength on the blade surfaces due to a lightning stepped leader is predicted through the development of a numerical model with finite element analysis. The interception efficiency is evaluated by comparing the predicted maximum electric field strength in the vicinity of the receptors.  In addition, the locations of the predicted lightning strike attachment points match well with those obtained by experimental measurements, which validate the current numerical approach.

A primary motivation for this study comes from the need to improve the ability of polymer matrix composites to withstand lightning strikes. In particular, we are concerned with lightning strike damage in composite wind turbine blades. The problem is essentially multiphysic, as the electric-current-induced temperature in the composite blade subjected to a lightning strike may reach up to 1,200 °C, leading to extensive thermal damage including surface damage, delamination, cracks, matrix decomposition, fiber breakage and sublimation, and abrupt failure of the blade.   
In this work, the thermal response of the polymer-matrix composite laminate used in a Sandia 100-meter All-glass Baseline Wind Turbine Blade (SNL 100-00) subjected to lightning strike is studied. The tip region composite panel is considered, as it has been reported in the literature that the blade tip is more susceptible to lightning strike than the remaining parts of the blade.
A physical model to show the surface interaction between the lightning arc and the composite structure has been developed. The model provides time- and electric-current-dependent variation of the lightning arc radius and lightning-current-induced heat flux generated at the composite surface. The temperature-dependent thermal properties of the VectorPly E-LT 5500 unidirectional [0]2 E-glass fiber vinyl ester resin matrix fabric and SNL triaxial [±45]2[0]2 E-glass fiber vinyl ester resin matrix fabric used in the wind blade tip composite panel were derived using available experimental data. The formulated nonlinear transient heat transfer problem with moving boundary is solved using the finite element method. The solution procedure accounts for phase transitions in the materials, and the obtained results include temperature field profiles and evolution of the thermal damage.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a model
policy on lightning safety for athletic trainers.
Background: Among college athletic programs in the United
States there is a serious lack of written policy on lightning
safety. Available evidence shows that most National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions, even though
they are located in high lightning activity areas of the country,
do not have formal, written lightning safety policies.
Clinical Advantages/Recommendations: The policy presented
herein, which is at the forefront of such policies, is the
lightning safety policy written as part of a policies and procedures manual for the division of sports medicine at a public
NCAA Division I university. This is a policy based on practicality
that utilizes the "flash-to-bang" method for determining the
distance of lightning activity from the observer. The policy
begins with the importance of prevention, including the daily
monitoring of weather reports. The policy defines a "safe
shelter" and specifies the chain of command for determining
who removes a team or individuals from an athletic site in the
event of dangerous lightning activity.
Key Words: policies and procedures, environmental hazards

This paper aimed to model lightning strike events and evaluate its correlation with power outages in a Nigerian power distribution system. A specified coastal distribution network of southwest Nigeria was selected as a case study. Zone-specific records of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes for 84 months were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet); records of power outage frequencies and durations for 36 months were obtained at the substations of the selected distribution network. Using numerical statistical analysis techniques, lightning activity in the system area were characterized in relative frequency terms, and correlation statistics were evaluated and analyzed for power outages and lightning events on the 11kV, 33kV, and 132kV voltage levels. An analysis of the results shows that the modelled lightning strike events patterns are closely related but the expected frequencies vary from one zone to another; and there is correlation between lightning strike and pow...

In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component characteristic and how does it work. The technical information presented is limited to surge protection on equipment; surge protection for building structure will not be discussed here.

Lightning activity in Indonesia is very high, and the ratio of lightning tripouts of the transmission line is also very high, reaching 66%. The results of our investigation show that a positive correlation exists between the number of lightning tripouts on a 150-kV transmission line and the tower-footing resistance and that the main cause of the tripouts is the back-flashover. Moreover, it turns out that the flashover at the lower arm increases in case of high tower-footing resistance.

Polarimetric radar data are used to develop lightning cessation guidance for the Cape Canaveral area of central Florida. For this purpose, 80 nonsevere thunderstorm cells in 2012, mostly during the warm season, are analyzed. In-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning data for the storms are obtained by combining information from the second-generation Lightning Detection and Ranging network and the National Lightning Detection Network. Storms are tracked using the Warning Decision Support System– Integrated Information software, producing time series of radar-and lightning-derived parameters. The 80 storms are split into two categories: 1) 50 isolated storms whose lightning initiation sources are confined to the core or anvil region of the storm and 2) 30 nonisolated cells whose lightning channels are initiated in a nearby active storm and extended to the dissipating study cell. Trends in polarimetric radar parameters at different temperature levels are studied for 40 of the 50 isolated storms to develop cessation guidance. Results based on a completely independent sample of 10 storms reveal that the best-performing cessation algorithm utilizes the presence of graupel and horizontal reflectivity > 35 dBZ at the -10 C temperature altitude. Lightning is not expected 10 min after both thresholds are no longer met. However, this relationship does not apply to nonisolated cells because a neighboring storm could still be electrically active. Results show that a stratiform cloud region connecting the decaying storm to an active storm might facilitate further channel propagation that might not have occurred otherwise. Thus, the proposed cessation guidelines are not recommended for nonisolated cells.

For the wireless communication industry, lightning protection is always an increasing necessity due to the increasing growth of sophisticated electronic devices mounted on separate poles. The direct lightning strike on the telecommunication pole can cause dangerous over voltages, causing damage to the functions of sensitive equipment as well as dangerous step and touch voltages in the area around the pole legs.
In this paper will be studied the transient electromagnetic process of the poles and the various lines connected to them under the action of the direct lightning impulse at the top of the pole. In the analysis of the transient process of electromagnetic wave propagation, each conductor of the pole is divided into certain segments. The length of the segment must respect the limit length criterion which is part of the minimum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave arising from the lightning strike. The length of the segment should not be greater than one tenth of the minimum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. This wavelength is a function of the maximum frequency in the limited lightning frequency spectrum.

In this work, the influence of lightning-strike-induced electric current and surface heat flux on the thermal response and thermal ablation of a carbon fiber polymer matrix composite laminated panel is studied. A coupled electric-thermal model for an anisotropic plate exposed to the lightning-strike-induced electric current and surface heat flux is formulated.  Temperature-dependent material properties of the carbon fiber polymer matrix composites, including electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat, are used. A coupled electric-thermal finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted using a MATLAB-ABAQUS integrated numerical procedure, which enables progressive element deletion to accurately model the lightning-strike-induced continuous surface recession (thermal ablation) in the composite panel. The obtained thermal response and thermal ablation using the proposed numerical procedure are compared with those obtained using existing solution procedures without progressive element deletion.

LEC is a fully integrated lightning protection solution provider, offering a hybrid patented system. We offer holistic services that include product specifications, product manufacturing, technical support, installation, site testing, and system design. LEC’s lightning protection design and engineering team can produce complete lightning protection and grounding layout for any type of structure using the latest CAD software. Our estimates are detailed to list out all inclusion and exclusions and each estimate adheres to all required specifications. Lightning protection is necessary across the world and we are dedicated to providing lightning protection and prevention products, solutions and services as par with the international standards. Contact us https://www.lightningprotection.com/ to get your property evaluated free of cost.

Decades ago lightning protection system was installed to protect structures from the damage caused by lightning strikes. The objective of this protection system was to provide a preferred path for electrical charges from a lightning strike to ground itself, ensuring protection from fire and structural damage. Typically the lightning protection products used are lightning rods, grounding system and conductors. Lightning Eliminators and Consultant Inc. provides lightning protection products that are best in quality and service. Contact https://www.lightningprotection.com/products/ to learn how you can minimize lightning damage and costly downtime.

In our daily life, almost all the items we used, being a computer, television, lift or vehicle we drive consist of some kind of electrical or electronics component inside. The operation of these devices could be severely affected by lightning activity or electrical switching events, as there are more than 2000 thunderstorms in progress at any time resulting in 100 lightning flashes to ground per second. In practice, any device using electricity will subject to surge damages induced from the lightning or switching of heavy load. Surge protection device (SPD) is added at the power distribution panel and critical process loop to prevent damage subsequently cause plant shutdown. There are many questions raised on the SPD. How can this small device protect the equipment from large energy release by the lightning? What is inside the device? How does it work? This paper provides comprehensive detail in revealing the science and engineering behind the SPD, its individual component character...

Artykuł opisuje pierwsze odkrycia, które doprowadziły do poznania elektryczności. Jako pierwszy odkrył zjawiska elektryczne Tales z Miletu. Elektrostatyka była w średniowieczu przedmiotem zabaw salonowych, które stały się łatwiejsze po wynalezieniu butelki lejdejskiej. Doświadczenia z jej pomocą prezentował w Wersalu Nollet. Benjamin Franklin badał elektryczność atmosferyczną, manifestującą się podczas burzy i wynalazł piorunochron.

The design and implementation of air termination systems can be significantly improved with the knowledge of the probability of a lightning strike on a point-by-point basis which ultimately results in the overall interception efficiency, and this can be achieved using the dynamic electro-geometrical model. The numerical approach for modelling the dynamic electro-geometrical model without computer aided designs, entails potential strike analysis from various points within a defined space volume, leading to extensive computations and iterations which is time intensive and requires lots of computer resources. This study examines methods of reducing the computation time of the dynamic electro-geometrical model using two space volume definitions. Structures with various air termination rods and air termination wire systems were investigated, and the result shows that the definition of the space volume has impact on the interception efficiency, and also, the computation time can be reduced by considering only space points within the attractive volume of the structure.

The term surge protection device (SPD) is used to describe electrical devices typically installed in power distribution panels, process control systems, communications systems, and other heavy-duty industrial systems, for protection against electrical surges and spikes, including those caused by lightning. At Lightning Eliminators and Consultant Inc., our business is based upon developing long term relationship with our clients by providing complete lightning protection solution and lightning surge protection devices through consultation and patented products in a manner that promotes respect, loyalty and productivity. Contact us for any queries: https://www.lightningprotection.com/importance-lightning-surge-protection-devices/

When lightning strikes buildings and structures, it can cause extensive damage. Types of lightning damage - Physical damage, Secondary effect of a lightning strike, Electromagnetic field effect, Ground reference potential. It is important to remember that there is no safe space outside from lightning the only secure location is an enclosed building or in a vehicle protected with a lightning protection system. Contact LEC for a design tailored to your facility requirements: https://www.lightningprotection.com/damage-caused-by-lightning-strikes/

Lightning rod protection technologies are designed to provide protection to structures against physical damage from lightning strikes. Lightning rods try to attract lightning on them in order to avoid a lightning strike at any other point. They are installed on the top of the structure and connected to a conductor cable which is bonded to a grounding system at the bottom of the structure. At Lightning Eliminators & Consultant Inc., we continue to innovate and develop a new generation of lightning devices. We also offer a ‘no strike’ warranty ensuring complete protection on all our installations. Contact us: https://www.lightningprotection.com/

So far there is no equipment, technology or method that can change the weather to prevent the occurrence of lightning. Buildings, devices, wiring and humans or animals can be damaged by lightning no matter whether it strikes directly or indirectly. Preventing lightning damage ahead of time gives you the best chance of reducing unnecessary costs down the road. Solutions are available with us to provide lightning protection for buildings and facilities. Contact LEC expert for more information: https://www.lightningprotection.com/damage-caused-by-lightning-strikes/