MCDM

Abstraksi Guru adalah pendidik profesional yang mempunyai tugas, fungsi, dan peran penting dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Tidaklah berlebihan kalau dikatakan bahwa masa depan masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara, sebagian besar ditentukan oleh guru. Oleh sebab itu, profesi guru perlu ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan secara terus menerus dan proporsional menurut jabatan fungsional guru. Agar fungsi dan tugas yang melekat pada jabatan fungsional guru dilaksanakan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku, dalam rangka dan sebagai upaya pemerintah dalam memberikan pembinaan dan pengembangan profesi guru maka diperlukan penilaian kinerja guru yang menjamin terjadinya proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas di semua jenjang pendidikan. Dalam penilaian kinerja guru harus berdasarkan kriteria dan subkriteria yang telah ditentukan. Proses penilaian kinerja guru pada SMA Negeri 1 Semarang sampai dengan saat ini menggunakan metode konvensional dengan aplikasi Microsoft Office Excel. Dalam proses perhitungannya dengan cara; Nilai PKG dibagi Total Nilai Kinerja dikalikan 100. Permasalahan muncul pada ketidaktepatan Penilai/Kepala Sekolah dalam memberikan penilaian, karena yang dinilai adalah subjektifitas masing-masing guru, sehingga penilaian yang diberikan masih tidak pasti. Ketidaktepatan dalam memberikan penilaian kinerja guru berdampak pada hasil keputusan yang tidak tepat pula. Hal seperti ini jelas akan merugikan para guru yang dinilai, dan terkesan tidak adil, serta akan muncul kecemburuan antar sesama guru di lingkungan sekolah. Berdasarkan analisis sistuasi tersebut, dalam penelitian ini untuk membantu pihak yang berwenang (Kepala Sekolah) dalam memberikan keputusan berdasarkan hasil penilaian kinerja guru, maka dalam penelitian ini diusulkan aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan untuk memberikan penilaian kinerja bagi guru menggunakan metode AHP dan TOPSIS. Penggunaan metode AHP dan TOPSIS dalam penelitian ini secara bersama-sama untuk pengambilan keputusan yang komplek yaitu untuk memberikan penilaian kinerja guru dengan beberapa kriteria. Pada metode AHP, teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan multi kriteria, sedangkan metode TOPSIS untuk memilih alternatif terbaik dari beberapa pilihan yang paling dekat dengan solusi ideal positif dan paling jauh dari solusi ideal negatif.

26 APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING (MCDM) ON HIGH POTENTIAL CITY BUS ROUTES IN TAIWAN Abstract: The convenience of life comes from efficient transport. However, an improper public transport planning may decrease customers' ...

مقدمه

مبحث این درس در خصوص تصمیم گیری با معیارهای چندگانه است که به آن
  (MCDM
Multi Criteria Decision Making)
می گویند
تصمیم گیری با معیارهای چندگانه دارای دو زیر شاخه اصلی  است
1) تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه (MADM) - Multi Attribute Decision Making))
2) تصمیم گیری چند هدفه (MODM) - Multi Objective Decision Making))

کلیه مباحث این درس در خصوص تصمیم‌گیری چند شاخصه بوده که در ابتدا به مباحث مقدماتی و آماده سازی داده ها و سپس انواع تکنیک های تصمیم گیری چندشاخصه خواهیم پرداخت  سپس در بخش  انتهایی به آموزش برخی از مهمترین انواع تکنیک های تصمیم گیری گروهی خواهیم پرداخت. به صورت کلی محوراصلی بر  اساس  تماما براساس تکنیک های تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه خواهد بود .

در این مقاله انواع روشهای تصمیم گیری چند معیاره معرفی شده است. تصمیم گیری چند معیاره جهت انتخاب و یا تعیین اهمیت معیارها و گزینه های مدل های تصمیم گیری مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. تصمیم گیری چند معیاره به دو دسته تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه و تصمیم گیری چند هدفه تقسیم می شود که این مقاله به بحث تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه پرداخته می شود روشهای کلاسیک و جدید در رابطه با تصمیم گیری چند معیاره معرفی می شود با خواندن این مقاله می توانید پایان نامه ها و یا مقاله های خود را با جدیدترین تکنیک ها انجام دهید در این مقاله به تصمیم گیری چند معیاره در محیط فازی و خاکستری نیز اشاره کرده است چنانچه نیازمند مشاوره رایگان در زمینه مدلهای تصمیم گیری چند معیاره هستید با ما تماس بگیرید 09338859181

In order to solve a number of real decision-making problems, over time, a number of multiple criteria decision-making methods have been proposed. The EDAS method is one of the newly proposed methods; its computational procedure can be identified as innovative and also based on verified approaches. An extension of the EDAS method adapted for the use of grey numbers is considered in this paper.

Talent management has attracted increasing attention from academics and practitioners in recent years, but there are a number of gaps for further theoretical and empirical
development. The present paper aims to contribute to the literature on talent management in nursing by developing a clear and concise definition of talent management and offering an indepth review of the talent concept. Furthermore, we distinguish two main approaches of
talent management: exclusive and inclusive talent management. Then, this paper examines the different characteristics of indicators of talent management in health care system particularly in recruiting nurses. The analysis of the findings of studies conducted to date indicates that leading indicators for nurses have not developed. Therefore, managers of health centers need to specify route of nurses’ career and future positions from the beginning to get optimal individual and organizational output.

A B S T R A C T The design of an optimal sand control method and production management is a complex problem due to the simultaneous influence of various factors. Typical effective variables for choosing an optimum sand control method include geological, technical, economical, and expert's experience on similar projects. Some technical factors, which affect the optimum method, are the type of exclusion, gravel size of gravel pack and pre-packed screen, slot width and liner slot length, and productivity index reduction. The situation could be more complicated due to the uncertainty associated with various contributing factors. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel approach in order to select the best sand control method with a maximum level of confidence. In this study, to select an optimal sand control method, Multi Criteria Decision Matrix (MCDM) techniques including Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and, ELimination and Choice Expressing REality (ELECTRE) are used. To simulate fluid flow, an integrated model of reservoir, well, and surface facility is used based on actual oil field data collected from the south of Iran. Then, Design of Experiment (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are applied to optimize the controllable variables of the best selected sand control method by MCDM. Finally, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is applied to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in order to determine the crucial factors that control net present value (NPV). The results show that the best sand control method based on AHP, TOPSIS, and ELECTRE is the slotted liner. After that, three different methods of pre-packed, gravel pack, and wire wrapped are respectively the most efficient sand control methods based on an average score of all the MCDM techniques. The results also indicate that although the pre-packed screen has the highest NPV, it is not the best sand control method due to the influence of other efficient criteria. The result of sensitivity analysis using MCS in terms of contribution to total variance shows that slot width, slot density, and slot height controls 60.5%, 38.8%, and 0.7% of the NPV variation within the range of factors, respectively.

Determination of subjective weights, which are based on the opinions and preferences of decision-makers, is one of the most important matters in the process of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) is an efficient method for obtaining the subjective weights of criteria in the MCDM problems. On the other hand, decision-makers may express their opinions with a degree of uncertainty. Using the symmetric interval type-2 fuzzy sets enables us to not only capture the uncertainty of information flexibly but also to perform computations simply. In this paper, we propose an extended SWARA method with symmetric interval type-2 fuzzy sets to determine the weights of criteria based on the opinions of a group of decision-makers. The weights determined by the proposed approach involve the uncertainty of decision-makers' preferences and the symmetric form of the weights makes them more interpretable. To show the procedure of the proposed approach, it is used to determine the importance of intellectual capital dimensions and components in a company. The results show that the proposed approach is efficient in determining the subjective weights of criteria and capturing the uncertainty of information.

Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for selecting optimal alternative, followed by highlighting the scope and gap of using MOORA approach. Examination on various case study reveals an existence of huge scope in using MOORA for numerous manufacturing and service applications.

Lean production has become an integral part of
the manufacturing landscape as its link with superior performance
and its ability to provide competitive advantage
is well accepted among academics and practitioners. Lean
production helps producers in overcoming the challenges
organizations face through using powerful tools and enablers.
However, most companies are faced with restricted
resources such as financial and human resources, time, etc.,
in using these enablers, and are not capable of implementing
all these techniques. Therefore, identifying and
selecting the most appropriate and efficient tool can be a
significant challenge for many companies. Hence, this literature
seeks to combine competitive advantages, lean
attributes, and lean enablers to determine the most appropriate
enablers for improvement of lean attributes. Quality
function deployment in fuzzy environment and house of
quality matrix are implemented. Throughout the methodology,
fuzzy logic is the basis for translating linguistic
judgments required for the relationships and correlation
matrix to numerical values. Moreover, for final ranking of
lean enablers, a multi-criteria decision-making method
(PROMETHEE) is adopted. Finally, a case study in automotive
industry is presented to illustrate the implementation
of the proposed methodology.

Spor endüstrisi, spor kulüpleri, taraftarlar, sporseverler, yayıncı kuruluşlar, finansal yatırımcılar gibi paydaşların yer aldığı küresel ölçekli bir yapıya sahiptir. Bununla birlikte spor, sosyal açıdan kişisel ve toplumsal konumunu korumaya da devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Türkiye'de öne çıkan dört spor kulübünün finansal, sportif ve sosyal açılardan performanslarının incelenmesi ve sıralanması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, karar problemlerinin çözümünde kullanımı gittikçe artan bütünleşik/hibrit modellere yönelik farklı toplulaştırma tekniklerine yer verilmiştir. Spor kulüplerinin performansları açısından sıralanması için bütünleşik karar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bu modelde, kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi için İkili Karşılaştırma Ağırlıklandırma Tekniği'nden yararlanılmıştır. Ağırlıklandırma işlemi sonucunda, finansal kriterlerden aktif kârlılık, sportif kriterlerden futbolda kazanılan kupa sayısı ve sosyal kriterlerden stadyum doluluğu, ana kriter gruplarında ilk sıraları almıştır. Karar probleminin çözümü için çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden SAW, TODIM, EDAS, VIKOR, QUALIFLEX ve MAPPAC kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu çözümlerin toplulaştırılmasında ise Borda, Copeland, Nanson, Ortalama, Cook ve Seiford, Kemeny toplulaştırma tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bütünleşik sıralamalarda, finansal performans açısından Beşiktaş ilk sırada bulunurken; sportif, sosyal ve genel performans sıralamalarında Galatasaray ilk sırada yer almıştır. Sonuç olarak spor kulüplerinin sürdürülebilir başarılar elde etmesi için finansal yapılarını düzeltmeleri, sosyal sorumluluk açısından ise toplumun geneliyle etkileşim içinde olmaları ve futbol dışında kalan takım sporları ve bireysel sporlara olanaklar yaratmaları gerekmektedir. Abstract The sports industry has a global scale that includes stakeholders such as sports clubs, fans, sports lovers, broadcasters, and financial investors. Besides, sports continue to maintain their socially personal and community position. In this study, financial, sportive, social, and general performances of four of the leading sports club in Turkey were examined and ranked in this regard. Also, different aggregation techniques for integrated / hybrid models, which are increasingly used in the solution of decision problems, were included in the study. An integrated decision model has been created to rank sports clubs in terms of performance. In this model, the Pairwise Comparison Weighting Technique was used to determine the weight of the criteria. As a result of the weighting process, return on assets ratio from financial criteria, the number of trophies won in football from sportive criteria, and the stadium occupancy from social criteria took the first place in the main criteria groups. SAW, TODIM, EDAS, VIKOR, QUALIFLEX, and MAPPAC, which are MCDM techniques, were used to solve the decision problem. Borda, Copeland, Nanson, Average, Cook and Seiford, Kemeny, aggregation techniques, were used to integrate these solutions. While Beşiktaş ranks first in terms of financial performance in integrated rankings, Galatasaray ranks first in sports, social, and general performance rankings. As a result, to achieve sustainable success, sports clubs need to improve their financial structure, in terms of social responsibility, they must interact with the general public and create opportunities for non-football team sports and individual sports. * Sorumlu yazar, Arş. Gör. Dr., Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Hopa İİBF, ahmetaytekin@artvin.edu.tr,

Integration of reverse logistics processes into supply chain network design can help to achieve a network that incorporates environmental factors as well as economic factors. In this study, a new integrated approach is proposed to address designing a multi-product, multi-period supply chain network with reverse logistics. The framework of the proposed approach includes green supplier evaluation and a mathematical model in an uncertain environment. To the best of our knowledge, integration of green supplier evaluation into the designing supply chain network with reverse logistics has not been considered in the literature. This integration can help to incorporate experts’ opinions about environmental impact of suppliers in the network design. Minimization of total cost and maximization of total greenness score of purchased raw materials/components are two objectives of the model. The fuzzy EDAS method is used to determine the greenness scores of suppliers. Also, demand of customers and capacity of suppliers are defined using fuzzy numbers and a fuzzy method is used to obtain trade-off solutions. The proposed approach is applied to designing the supply chain network of a home appliance company. The results show that the proposed approach is feasible and efficient to obtain solutions to design the supply chain network.

Supplier selection is one of the most critical activities of purchasing management in a supply chain because of the key role of supplier’s performance in achieving the objectives of a supply chain. Supplier selection problem requires a trade-off between multiple criteria exhibiting vagueness and imprecision with the involvement of a group of experts. This paper presents a multiple criteria group decision-making approach for supplier selection problem in the context of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. A new method for ranking interval type-2 fuzzy numbers, based on the centroid of fuzzy sets, is proposed and compared with some methods. The proposed ranking method is used for extending complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method for group decision-making with interval type-2 fuzzy numbers. The developed method uses a stepwise procedure for ranking and evaluating the alternatives, in terms of significance and utility degree, and selects the best solution considering both the positive-ideal and the negative-ideal solutions. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach in supplier selection problems, an illustrative example is presented and the results are analyzed.

"To monitor the progress towards business excellence, thousands of organizations across the world use self-assessment on a regular basis. There are a few popular business excellence models that provide standard criteria against which an organization can measure its performances. European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is the most popular ones. The EFQM Excellence Model was introduced at the beginning of 1992 as the framework for assessing organizations for the European Quality Award.
It is now the most widely usedorganizational framework in Europe and across the world and it has become the basis for the majority of international, national and regional Quality Awards. It is a practical tool that can be used as a guide to identify areas for Improvement. However, the current EFQM model has some drawbacks and problems which are not able to identify the priorities in Area for Improvement (AFI). For organizations with limitations of time, budget and resources and cannot implement all the Area for Improvement, some standards or indexes and limitations should be defined for prioritizing and choosing the Area for Improvement. Using Topsis method which is one of the multi-attribute decision making model, the Area for Improvement can be identified. Therefore, this work will develop a method of evaluating, assessing and determining the Area for Improvement in the EFQM model. The results showed that the developed model is more valid and acceptable and the experts
verified the model for selecting of Area for Improvement in EFQM in practice. The proposed model was employed in a case study
and drawn out results from it and were evaluated from
different points of view."

A type-2 fuzzy set, which is characterised by a fuzzy membership function, can provide us with more degrees of freedom to represent the uncertainty and vagueness of the real-world problems. Interval type-2 fuzzy sets are the most widely used type-2 fuzzy sets and have significant applications in modelling of the multi-criteria decision-making problems. In this paper, we present a new method of Evaluation by an Area-based Method of Ranking Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (EAMRIT-2F) for multi-criteria group decision-making. First, we propose a new method for ranking interval type-2 fuzzy sets based on the area under the upper and lower membership functions and the possibility degree of fuzzy sets. The ranking values of the proposed method are also compared with some existing methods. Then, the EAMRIT-2F method is presented based on the proposed ranking method of interval type-2 fuzzy sets for handling the fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making problems. Applying the proposed method to an example concerning the selection of a facility location, we illustrate the process of the proposed method in the fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making. The result of the EAMRIT-2F method is compared with five other methods. The comparison shows the consistency between the proposed method and other methods.

Flood management alternatives are often evaluated on the basis of flood parameters such as depth and velocity. As these parameters are uncertain, so is the evaluation of the alternatives. It is thus important to incorporate the uncertainty of flood parameters into the decision making frameworks. This research develops a spatial probabilistic multi-criteria decision making (SPMCDM) framework to demonstrate the impact of the design rainfall uncertainty on evaluation of flood management alternatives. The framework employs a probabilistic rainfall-runoff transformation model, a two-dimensional flood model and a spatial MCDM technique. Thereby, the uncertainty of decision making can be determined alongside the best alternative. A probability-based map is produced to show the discrete probability distribution function (PDF) of selecting each competing alternative. Overall the best at each grid cell is the alternative with the mode parameter of this PDF. This framework is demonstrated on the Swannanoa River watershed in North Carolina, USA and its results are compared to those of deterministic approach. While the deterministic framework fails to provide the uncertainty of selecting an alternative, the SPMCDM framework showed that in overall, selection of flood management alternatives in the watershed is “moderately uncertain”. Moreover, three comparison metrics, F fit measure, κ statistic, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ), are computed to compare the results of these two approaches. An F fit measure of 62.6%, κ statistic of 15.4% to 45.0%, and spatial mean ρ value of 0.48, imply a significant difference in decision making by incorporating the design rainfall uncertainty through the presented SPMCDM framework. The SPMCDM framework can help decision makers to understand the uncertainty in selection of flood management alternatives.