Maglev

El control de los dispositivos funciona de forma local, teniendo los tres componentes (sensor, controlador y actuador) de estos dispositivos en una sola tarjeta de adquisición de datos que se conecta a una PC, debido a la complejidad que presenta este sistema de control desde diferentes puntos del área de trabajo surge la necesidad de implementar una estrategia que permita el control de dispositivos de forma remota.

A multi-purpose low-earth-orbit system of rings circling the earth - the "LEO ARCHIPELAGO" - is proposed as a means of solving or bypassing many major problems hindering man's quest to get into space. A fiber-optic ring about the earth would be an initial testing and developmental stage for the ring systems, while providing cash-flow through a LEO-based, high-band-width, world-wide communication system. A Low-Earth-Orbit-based space-elevator system, "Sling-on-a-Ring," is proposed as the crucial developmental stage of the LEO Archipelago. Being a LEO-based heavy-mass lifter, rather than earth- or GEO-based, it is much less massive and therefore less costly than other proposed space-elevators. With the advent of lower-cost, higher-mass transport to orbit, the options for further space development (e.g., communications, space solar power, radiation dampers, sun shades, and permanent LEO habitation) are greatly expanded. This paper provides an update of the Sling-on-a-Ring concept in terms of new materials, potential applications, and trade-offs associated with an earlier model. The impact of Colossal Carbon Tubes, CCT, a material with high tensile strength, extremely-low density, and other favorable properties and new technologies (e.g., solar-powered lasers, power beaming to near-space and earth, and thermal-control systems) on the development of associated LEO-Ring systems (e.g., "Solar-Shade Rings" and "Power Rings") is also explored. The material's effect on the timeline for the system development indicates the feasibility of near-term implementation of the system (possibly within the decade). The Sling-on-a-Ring can provide a less-expensive, environment-friendly, mode of access to space. This would pave the way (via eventual operation at >1000 tonnes per day by 2050) for large scale development of space-based technologies.

— The use of natural resources in our day today life is increasing which leads to shortage of these resources in the upcoming generation, mainly in transportation we are wasting a lot of crude oils and other resources which leads to global earthling. The name maglev is derived from magnetic levitation. Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology [1]. It has various uses. The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and thus no wear and friction [6]. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. The magnetic levitation technology can be used as an efficient technology in the various industries. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev systems. Many systems have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. This paper tries to study the most important uses of magnetic levitation technology. The results clearly reflect that the maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future engineering needs of the world. So in this paper we're discussing about magnetic levitation and the uses in transportation.

Reviews Nd-Fe-B history briefly while examining fairly recent Magnetic properties (2010) and the exciting prospect of Maglev using this technology commercially. Other magnets have been used but the permanent ones still in process of being used to build commercial track. Brings together references on Magnetic properties and manufacturing practices and sums it all up with another review paper discussing Maglev in depth for the readers interest.

A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm approach is proposed for the H-infinty design of an electromagnetic suspension (EMS) control system for a maglev vehicle. The evolutionary algorithm is used in conjunction with an H-infinty loop-shaping design procedure to perform multiobjective search over a set of possible weighting function structures and parameter values in order to satisfy a number of conflicting design criteria. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach offers a number of potential benefits over other `mixed optimization' techniques by allowing the control engineer to select from a number of satisfactory design solutions of differing complexity.

Agradeço ao meu orientador, Prof. Joaquim António Fraga Gonçalves Dente, a disponibilidade, paciência e empenho demonstrados, ao Professor Paulo Branco ea minha co-orientadora, Prof.ª Maria Eduarda de Sampaio Pinto de Almeida Pedro pelo apoio ...

Magnetic Levitation System (MLS) objective is to levitate objects to the desired height without any contact. MLS is highly nonlinear and inherently unstable. Such a system imposes a challenge when designing robust and high-performance controllers. This paper presents the design of a Sliding Mode (SM) controller with an Integral term called SM-I controller to achieve the desired levitation against nonlinearities and uncertainties of the system. The controller parameters are tuned using the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm. The Effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated by simulation results. Simulations are performed for servo tracking with and without perturbations in the MLS parameters. The proposed controller is compared with the conventional SM, LQR, and PID controllers to show its superiority. The results prove that the SM-I is more efficient than the other controllers.

This paper deals with design and implementation
of controllers to stabilize a ferromagnetic ball in a Magnetic
Levitation (Maglev) system and control the ball position to track
a reference signal within an operating region. For this purpose,
PID and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers have been
designed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bacterial
Foraging (BF) optimization, and Bacterial Foraging oriented by
PSO (BF-PSO) optimization algorithms. The PID and FOPID
controllers are implemented in the Maglev system of Feedback
Instruments (Model No 33-210) and tested with step change,
sine wave and square wave as reference signals. Transient
and steady state responses are found to be satisfactory. The
results reveal that BF-PSO provides better tuning algorithm
than individual BF and PSO algorithm. Further, FOPID works
better than PID, with BF-PSO tuning approach.

The development of alternative vehicle were continued by designing hybrid vehicle that using compressed air and electrical propulsion. This compressed air propulsion on the rear wheels and two electric motor as a front wheel drive (FWD) were installed independently, where left and right can rotate with different speeds and direction. Independent FWD could be a problem when two wheels has a different rotation. The first experiment was tested by measuring the rotation per minute (RPM) on each wheel. Measurement were performed by varying the position of the throttle pedal. The result of measurements on both wheels rotating speed showed a difference of 1 %. The second test was to compare the space requirement, which derived from the function of cornering radius. Space requirement for inactive vehicle cornering system is 4.52 meters and 3.39 meters when system is active.

Agradeço ao meu orientador, Prof. Joaquim António Fraga Gonçalves Dente, a disponibilidade, paciência e empenho demonstrados, ao Professor Paulo Branco ea minha co-orientadora, Prof.ª Maria Eduarda de Sampaio Pinto de Almeida Pedro pelo apoio ...

The aim of this paper is description of small scale magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) system, (testbench) for demonstration of possibility of aircraft safety take-off and landing assisted by the MAGLEV runway. The testbench supply system (its electrical and magnetic field characteristics) is measurable. The control system allow to demonstrate the safe take-off and landing on the ground based device. The measuring system is base on photogrammetry, which requires high speed camera and a special software.

In this work, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based embedded software platform coupled with a software-based plant, forming a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL), is used to validate a systematic sensor selection framework. The systematic sensor selection framework combines multi-objective optimization, Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control, and the nonlinear model of a maglev suspension. The physical process that represents the suspension plant is realized in a high-level system modeling environment, while the LQG controller is implemented on an FPGA. FPGAs allow to rapidly evaluate algorithms and test designs under real-world scenarios avoiding heavy time penalty associated with Hardware Description Language (HDL) simulators. Moreover, the HIL technique implemented shows a significant speed-up in the required execution time when compared to the software-based model.