Milking Managment of Dairy Buffaloes

Mozzarella di bufala has been rightly described as the White Whale of
American cheesemaking. The attempt to make this cheese in the US has been mostly unsuccessful so far. Yet, this fantastic cheese is regularly consumed on the tables of thousands of Italians each day. This essay will show how the production of mozzarella di bufala campana D.o.p. in Italy is regulated by a thick set of laws and regulations, which contributed to the emerging of this cheese as an iconic food, deservedly considered as one of the miracles of Italian cuisine. These rules arise from the coordinated efforts of a group of producers who managed to overcome some of the constraints associated with the small-scale dimensions of their farms and were thus able to develop a
viable strategy for a niche product that would eventually pay off. The paper  examines, as well, some of the tensions and problems associated with these  developments.

A study was conducted in adopted villages of
K V K B u n d i t o a s s e s s t h e e f f e c t o f
supplementing shatavari ( )
feed on performance of lactating buffaloes.
Twenty lactating buffaloes in mid lactation
with similar age, body weight and milk yield
were selected from dairy farms of the local
farmers and divided into two groups of ten
animals each. Control group was maintained as
per farmer's practices (feeding of 3 kg cotton
seed cake along with wheat straw), while
groups comprising feeding of wheat straw +
shatavari powder 50gm /day /animal up to 60
days. Result revealed that 19.67 per cent higher
average milk yield was recorded in buffaloes
feeding under group (7.36 kg/day) as compared
to (6.15 kg/day). Increase in the income by
feeding Shatavari came to Rs. 50.50/day/
animal. It was concluded that feeding of
Shatavari along with wheat straw improves
milk yield and fat percent as well as
reproductive performance in lactating
buffaloes.

The purpose of this study was to analyze microbial life and to address
safety issues of milk shakes locally available in road side shops and
carts of Peshawar city, Pakistan. Total of 144 samples of different
flavors were examined for the presence of microbial content as total
bacterial load, total coliform count, fecal coliform count and total
staphylococcal count. Majority of samples have higher bacterial load
(10
2
-10
9
cfu/ml) and total coliform count (10
3
-10
6
cfu/ml).
Escherichia Coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Salmonella  species
were detected using different biochemical tests. 26 samples revealed
the presence of fecal coliform contamination  (10
4
cfu/ml) while 120
samples harbored staphylococci (10
6
cfu/ml).High percentage of drug
resistance among biochemical isolates was found against commonly
used antibiotics like Imipenem, Nalidixic acid, Piperaciline,
Ceftriaxone, Vancomycine, Ampicillin, Amoxicilline,
Ciprofloxacine, and Erythromycine.  Furthermore,  66%  Escherichia
Coli,  60% Klebsiella,  51% Citrobacter  and  25% salmonella  were
found to be ESBL positive. In general the analysis indicates
unsatisfactory quality of milk shakes and need to be
microbiologically controlled by regulatory authorities to ensure
public health safety

Cows that fail to transition successfully into lactation are vulnerable to a host number of problems which occur just after the calving. Further consequences in the early lactation period include, lowered milk production, Immunodepression and compromised reproductive performance. Dry matter intake (DMI) starts to decrease a few weeks before parturition with the lowest level occurring at calving. During the dry period, energy and protein requirements are lower, as there are no needs by the udder for milk production. Generally, dairy cows require around two times more energy for milk production than maintenance with a progress in the lactation period. Cattle have the ability to compensate for deficits of food energy through the mobilization of adipose reserves.Most of the fat soluble antioxidant vitamins such as retinol, α-tocoferol and β-carotene decrease at the time of parturition are reported to be associated with several health problems. The optimal body condition score for a dry cow is 3.0-3.25 and the cows that were conditioned at BCS-3 had higher feed intake coupled with peak milk yield. Lymphocytes play an important role in the mammary gland defense through secretion of lymphokines and antibodies, which facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. Dry cow therapy is the treatment of cows at the end of lactation with a long acting antibiotic preparation with or without a teat sealant.

The aim of this study was to determine the some physico-chemical content of raw milk from Anatolian water buffaloes raised under different village conditions in the Tokat province of Northern Turkey. The study materials included 1272 milk samples from 149 water buffaloes raised at 12 separate villages of the Erbaa, Turhal, and Pazar counties in the Tokat Province. Milk samples were collected during the morning milking between the months of February and May 2012 to 2014. The density, freezing point degree, dry matter, non-fat dry matter (or solid non fat), fat, protein, lactose, milk urea nitrogen and casein content of the milk samples were determined. The study results demonstrated that the mean dry matter, nonfat dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, casein content, density, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and freezing point degree (FPD) of the raw milk samples were 16.99±0.108%, 10.88±0.036%, 5.98±0.107%, 4.85±0.043%, 5.17±0.021%, 3.61±0.036%, 1029±0.056, 21, 22 mg/dl and 0.55 °C, respectively. The study data were evaluated according to the water buffaloes’ lactation stage, parity, and season by using the SPSS statistical program. It was concluded that the sampling time, parity, village conditions, stage of lactation and calving age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the density, freezing point degree, dry matter, non-fat dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, and casein content of raw milk from the Anatolian water buffalo.

Ethnography in Gujarat, India's poster-state of market reforms, recovers what transpires when the individual embraces capital for market-driven production. This article reports on resource-poor rural households who embark on dairying through buffaloes acquired with microcredit. The essay discusses the politics of economic value pertaining to gender, labor and natural resources; and economic value encountering other values, lifeworlds and affective relations related to work, humans and non-human others. These phenomena interrupt commodity production. Human-animal relations challenge both capitalism's treatment of bovines as machines, and the bovine politics of Hindu nationalism rooted in ignorance of rural economy, lifeworlds and livelihoods.

The present study was performed to identify the effect of different milking methods and frequencies on milk yield, composition and health of Holstein Friesian cattle at Government Dairy Farm (GDF) Quetta. Sixteen pure Holstein Friesian cattle breed lactating animals were selected according to their age, body weight and lactation period. They were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D with four cows in each group. Research work was conducted on dry matter intake (DMIT), milking frequencies, milking practices (both hand and machine milking), animal behavior, milk composition (fats and solids not fats) and cost of milk production aspects in light of factual prevalent rates. Results on group mean values indicated that DMIT in groups A, B, C and D was 16.63±0.53 kg to 16.74±0.55 kg for all experimental animals, out of the total of 38 kgs feed/fodder, daily per cow. As a whole total dry matter intake depicted 25-26%. The effect of milking frequencies on milk yield was significant. In hand milking the mean values of milk yield in group A and B was 15.5 and 15.72 liters respectively; while machine milking twice 17.38 liters group C or thrice 17.74 liters group D were significantly different (P<0.05) as the machine milked cows thrice give comparatively high production. Percentage of milk fat composition in group averages recorded as 4.14±0.14. These values of hand milking in group B was 3.89±0.07. In group C the mean values were 3.98 ±0.06 and in group D these fat values were 3.95±0.16 respective. Results regarding mean values of milk solid not fats in group A, B, C and D were 9.72% ±0.17, 9.70%±0.05, 9.46%±0.11 and 9.46±0.08 respectively. These results show that practices and frequencies of milking did not have any significant effect on milk yield fats and / or SNF. Cost of milk production (based on cost of green fodder @ Rs. 150/-, Concentrate feed @ Rs 200/-, wheat straw Rs.25/-.With a highest milk production yield 17.74 liters milk fetched Rs. 106.4/-@ Rs. 60/-per liter.

Higher serum Non Esterified Fatty acid (SNEFA) concentration associated with negative energy balance (NEB) around calving has been used to predict dairy animals at risk for metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the SNEFA, Altered Non Esterified Fatty Acid percentage (ANEFAP) levels and Service period (SP) in forty eight dairy buffaloes allotted to three dry period lengths (&gt; 60 d (n=16); 46 to 60 d (n=16); and 30 to 45 d (n=16)). The serum NEFA and ANEFAP levels were influenced by length of dry period and pre and postpartum periods of the entire experimental study. The NEFA concentration showed an increased trend from the time of drying to 60 days postpartum, followed by a decreased trend from 60 to 90 days postpartum, irrespective of the groups. The NEFA concentration has increased (P&gt;0.05) with higher postpartum ANEFAP levels (P&gt;0.05), either pre or postpartum in the buffaloes allotted to traditional dry period group. SNEFA concentration was negativ...

Udder and teat characteristics differ between buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos taurus) and the differences are important in relation machine milk ability. Dairy buffalo milk out more slowly and are more difficult to milk than dairy cows, especially when milking machines are used. The goal of this study was to determine the ultrasonographic characteristics of udder and teat morphology in dairy buffaloes in Brazil, a country with a relatively recent history of buffalo farming. External assessment of the udder type and ultrasonography of the teat were done in 63 purebred Murrah and Mediterranian × Murrah dairy buffalo cows on three farms with different management systems. Udder types differed among farms; the rear-heavy udder type was most prevalent on two farms and the ball-shaped type occurred frequently on the third farm. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teat were made on one farm and showed correlations between the width of the teat tip and teat canal length, between the width of the teat tip and teat wall thickness and between the width of the teat tip and teat length. During the ultrasonographic examination of the teat, hyperechogenic membrane-like structures in the region of the annular folds, referred to as prominent annular folds (pAFs), were detected in at least one teat in 98 % of all buffaloes. These folds caused narrowing of the lumen between the teat cistern and gland cistern, but their physiological function and relevance concerning machine milk ability remain unclear. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of prominent annular folds on milk flow characteristics during mechanical milking in dairy buffaloes.