Milking Managment of Dairy Buffaloes

Negative energy balance must be minimized to improve health and fertility. Dairy animals with high genetic potentials are required to be fed on maintained and high concentrate diets to fulfil their nutritional requirements. Suddenly changing the feed from fodder to concentrates of pregnant dairy animals leads to rumen acidosis. The rumen pH comes down to 5.2 (normal 6.5 to 7.0) and this is not favorable for proper feed digestion hence called Rumen acidosis. At this pH, all rumen bacteria which helps in digestion die. Dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) based ration feeding is another way to balance the acid-base chemistry of the dairy animals which can be altered by manipulating major anion and cation inclusion in diet. Study was designed with randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. A total of 300 farmers were selected for study after complete enumeration of seven villages. Out of 300 farmers, 210 most desirable farmers were selected for the study. A 12% increase in milk in case of buffaloes and 14.50% increase in case of cows of treated group was obtained. The net income to variable cost was more in case of buffalo rearing farmers' (`17025) than cow rearing farmers' (`13437).

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in fatty acid (FA) profile, with emphasis on C18:1cis-9 and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), of milk obtained from dairy cows under typical farming conditions practiced in Serbia, as well as to investigate variations in fatty acid composition among retail milks labeled differently in relation to fat content (3.2%, 2.8% or 1.5%). Accelerated solvent extraction of milk lipids followed by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was used for milk FA determination. The results obtained in this study showed that in raw milk, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) accounted for up to 73.73% of the total FAs, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (23.44 to 26.92%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (2.72 to 3.92%). Very similar results were obtained in retail milks. The FA composition of raw milk did not significantly differ between the geographical regions examined, except in the contents of C18:2n...

Mandalar [Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758)] tropikal kökenli olmasına rağmen, iklimsel farklılıklara karşı oldukça hassastır. Sıcaklık stresinin mandalar üzerinde olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak amacıyla alınabilecek idari tedbirler vardır. Bu amaçla manda çiftliklerinde gölgelik alanlar, fanlar, duş sistemleri, doğal ve yapay havuzlar oluşturulabilir. Sıcak havalarda mandalara yapay havuzlar ya da gölgelik alanlar oluşturularak vücutta meydana gelebilecek ısı artışı engellenir. Diğer yandan besleme kapsamında rasyonda yapılacak değişikliklerle (yemleme sistemi, rasyonda düşük ısı değerine sahip yemlerin secimi ve katkı maddelerin tercih edilmesi) yem tüketimindeki düşme engellenmekte ve böylece hayvanın performansı olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede olumsuz çevre koşullarından dolayı oluşabilecek manda kayıpların önüne geçebilmek, hayvanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmesi ve nitelikli ürünler verebilmesi için idari ve beslemenin önemi anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Manda, Bubalus bubal...

The purpose of this study; Erzurum in Turkey and the current status of buffalo -breeding and the potential to reveal the current data. Turkey in 2015 Turkey Statistical Institute data on 133 766 head of buffalo are grown and the company made buffalo rearing 62 761 tons of milk and 326 tons of red meat has been obtained. It is produced extensively in the world and especially in our country and the presence of animals buffalo production is decreasing. Turkey buffalo existence, up to 2011 showed a rapid decrease of course, the food takes the measures for the development of manacling of Agriculture and Livestock Ministry, to support and, as the projects initiated as interest in the consumer buffalo products has led to stop the decline. This study will be presented and the overall situation of rising buffalo in Erzurum.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between milk components and amino acid (AA) profiles among different buffalo crossbreds in Bangladesh. A total of thirty-six (36) lactating buffaloes were selected from Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Mehsana crossbreds, and they were assigned to 03 groups, each with 12 buffaloes. The total experimental period was 10 weeks, including the initial 10 days of diet adjustment. The results from the experiment revealed that milk protein, fat, and total solids contents of Murrah crossbred was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Mehsana and Nili-Ravi crossbreds. In contrast, the lactose content of all buffalo crossbreds was statistically similar (p>0.05). In the case of milk amino acid contents, all the milk samples entailed a higher concentration of Glutamic acid (0.9-1.00 g/100 g of milk), whereas Cysteine had the lowest concentration (0.02-0.05 g/100 g). The most prevalent essential amino acids were Leucine, Lysine, and Phenylalanine, whereas the m...

This study aimed to assess the relationship between milk components and amino acid (AA) profiles among different buffalo crossbreds in Bangladesh. A total of thirty-six (36) lactating buffaloes were selected from Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Mehsana crossbreds, and they were assigned to 03 groups, each with 12 buffaloes. The total experimental period was 10 weeks, including the initial 10 days of diet adjustment. The results from the experiment revealed that milk protein, fat, and total solids contents of Murrah crossbred was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Mehsana and Nili-Ravi crossbreds. In contrast, the lactose content of all buffalo crossbreds was statistically similar (p>0.05). In the case of milk amino acid contents, all the milk samples entailed a higher concentration of Glutamic acid (0.9-1.00 g/100 g of milk), whereas Cysteine had the lowest concentration (0.02-0.05 g/100 g). The most prevalent essential amino acids were Leucine, Lysine, and Phenylalanine, whereas the m...

The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological quality of different commercially available fruit juice of Dhaka city. In this study total 20 fruit juice samples of five different types were repeatedly subjected to bacteriological and mycological screening for three months. Isolates were identified and confirmed using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Current study showed high bacterial and fungal loads consisting of specific pathogens such as coliform and Staphylococcus spp., fecal coliform and other pathogens are totally absent. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus portends health risk to consumers as some species produce potent toxins associated with food borne illnesses. And high bacterial count indicated unhygienic conditions of the processing area, and that good manufacturing practices during processing are not maintained properly. Recommendations are required to reduce the microbiological contamination and promote quality assurance of the products. Stamfo...

The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological quality of different commercially available fruit juice of Dhaka city. In this study total 20 fruit juice samples of five different types were repeatedly subjected to bacteriological and mycological screening for three months. Isolates were identified and confirmed using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Current study showed high bacterial and fungal loads consisting of specific pathogens such as coliform and Staphylococcus spp., fecal coliform and other pathogens are totally absent. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus portends health risk to consumers as some species produce potent toxins associated with food borne illnesses. And high bacterial count indicated unhygienic conditions of the processing area, and that good manufacturing practices during processing are not maintained properly. Recommendations are required to reduce the microbiological contamination and promote quality assurance of the products. Stamfo...

The percentage of cadmium or lead present in the fat fraction of bovine milk is not affected by heating or freezing. In human skimmed milk, cadmium is mainly associated with a fraction with molecular weight lower than 10,000. Storage at −20°C for 10 days does not have any effect on the distribution of cadmium when milk is incubated with this metal before freezing. This treatment causes only a small increase in the amount of cadmium associated with the low molecular weight fraction when the metal is added after freezing. In bovine milk, 64% of cadmium is associated with a fraction with molecular weight above 70,000. Freezing causes a 37% decrease of the cadmium present in this fraction when the metal is added after thawing. When bovine milk was incubated with cadmium before freezing there was not a marked change in its distribution as when added after thawing. Heating at 63°C for 30 min caused a slight decrease in the amount of cadmium present in the casein fraction. The distribution...

Insulin resistance in early lactation includes low glucose concentration, low insulin release and responsiveness and high lipolysis. Niacin is important antilipolytic agent and leads to increase glucose and insulin concentration. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of niacin on the insulin resistance in cows during early lactation using the difference of value and regression analysis between blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and insulin concentrations, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and glucose-to-insulin ratio. Niacin supplementation led to a decrease of NEFA concentration and an increase of glucose and insulin concentrations during the first three weeks after calving. Cows in the niacin group which were more resistant to insulin showed higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid in comparison with more sensitive cows from the same group, but still lower than the control. The regression analyses suggest the followi...

Although a lot of work has been done on the safety of street foods in most developing countries, not much has been done with regards to the hotel industry. A pilot study to investigate food and its preparation conditions in ten selected hotels in Accra, the capital of Ghana with respect to food safety was therefore initiated in 2005/2006. A total of 184 samples; 105 swabs of kitchen working surfaces, cutlery and plates; 29, 30, and 20 samples of food, water and fruit juice respectively were taken for microbial analysis from ten highly patronized hotels between December 2005 and June 2006. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation, enumeration, and identification of bacteria. Thirty Seven (37) of the swab samples showed the presence of coliforms while Escherichia coli was absent in all the 105 samples. The total count of aerobic bacteria was high in the swabs from the working surfaces and cutting boards (> 10 3 cfu/ml). All the food samples tested negative for Salmo...

The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological quality of different commercially available fruit juice of Dhaka city. In this study total 20 fruit juice samples of five different types were repeatedly subjected to bacteriological and mycological screening for three months. Isolates were identified and confirmed using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Current study showed high bacterial and fungal loads consisting of specific pathogens such as coliform and Staphylococcus spp., fecal coliform and other pathogens are totally absent. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus portends health risk to consumers as some species produce potent toxins associated with food borne illnesses. And high bacterial count indicated unhygienic conditions of the processing area, and that good manufacturing practices during processing are not maintained properly. Recommendations are required to reduce the microbiological contamination and promote quality assurance of the products. Stamfo...

This paper Identifies factors that affect the productivity and economic efficiency of dairy breeders. The research problem is focused on low production efficiency (milk production in Egypt compared to other countries), which is reflected in the lower average consumption of Egyptian animal protein than the level of safety. The research aims to show milk producers' productivity and economic efficiency from its various sources in the Ibrahimi and Minya al-Qamh Centres in the Al-Sharkia governorate. The research used SPSS V. 20 in linear, logarithmic, and double images to reach the best images, the results of which are consistent with statistical and economic logic. The study proved that the most important factors affecting the production of cow's milk were the amount of concentrated feed and the amount of human action, while the factors affecting buffalo milk production were the amount of green and dry feed. We conclude from the indicators of economic efficiency that Minya al-Q...

Food safety is a big challenge that concern all human communities and food production factories. The information on the bacterial evaluations of fresh natural juices in the city of Benghazi remained very limited and unclear. This study was carried out to evaluate the bacterial contamination for two of the most popular selling freshly made juices, including mango and strawberry juices. The results of screening showed bacterial growth in 117 (91.41%) out of the total samples 128. The evaluation during the second season showed a higher bacterial growth rate of 96.55 %. The most predominant bacteria contaminating the targeted juices was Klebsiella pneumoniae, with an average of (36.21%), followed by fecal Escherichia coli (31.03%) for both juices. All the contaminated juices represented bacteria count out of the accepted value. Gram-negative pathogens showed resistance to limited antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Clarithromycin, whereas the Gram-positive bacteria showed ...

The inductions of lactation were carried out in 30 animals, divided into three groups with 10 animals in each group. Group I, animals which were in first lactation (nulliparous) served as control, not given any treatment. Group II, administered with 17βestradiol at 0.1 mg/kg body weight and progesterone at 0.25 mg/kg body weight were administered from day 1 to 7 twice daily 12 h apart by subcutaneous route at either side neck region on alternate days. Dexamethasone (20mg/animal/day) was administered for 4 days (day 14 to 17) by intramuscular route. The treatment schedule for Group III, from day 1 to 7 were adopted same as group II and Metoclopramide (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and dexamethasone (20mg/animal) were administered for 4 days from day 14 to 17 by intramuscular route. The relative efficacy of lactation induction protocol employed in group II was 90 per cent and while in the group III it was 100 per cent. In both the treatment groups droping of milk from the teats were noticed ...

Enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a marker of inflammation in domestic animals, but it is unclear whether it is a reliable marker of oxidative stress, especially in the transition period in dairy cows. This study aims to assess if ADA and redox status measurements in saliva provide the same utility to detect disease condition as that obtained from serum. Sixty-eight multiparous Holstein cows, between 2 and 3 weeks postpartum were selected. Five study groups were established: control (healthy), and cows with ketosis, mastitis, laminitis, and metritis. The parameters measured were ADA activity, total oxidants (TOS), antioxidants (TAC), and OSi ratio.Regarding redox status, no significant differences arise in both saliva and serum being the correlations negative and not significant. In saliva, ADA activity in healthy cows differs from those with pathological processes, having the lowest activities. In serum, ADA activity is similar in the healthy and ketosis cows, showing the lowest ...

Although a lot of work has been done on the safety of street foods in most developing countries, not much has been done with regards to the hotel industry. A pilot study to investigate food and its preparation conditions in ten selected hotels in Accra, the capital of Ghana with respect to food safety was therefore initiated in 2005/2006. A total of 184 samples; 105 swabs of kitchen working surfaces, cutlery and plates; 29, 30, and 20 samples of food, water and fruit juice respectively were taken for microbial analysis from ten highly patronized hotels between December 2005 and June 2006. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation, enumeration, and identification of bacteria. Thirty Seven (37) of the swab samples showed the presence of coliforms while Escherichia coli was absent in all the 105 samples. The total count of aerobic bacteria was high in the swabs from the working surfaces and cutting boards (> 10 3 cfu/ml). All the food samples tested negative for Salmo...

This study aimed to investigate the energetic and hormonal profiles of dairy goats fed diets supplemented with monensin during the peripartum period. Eleven pregnant Saanen goats were subdivided into two random groups, a control group (GC) and the monensin group (MG). The MG group received 40 mg sodium monensin per animal per day for 15 days before partum and throughout the subsequent experimental period. Clinical observations and sample collection were performed at 30, 15, and 7 days before birth; on the day of partum; and at 5, 15, and 30 days after birth. The following biochemical and hormonal profile variables analyzed were: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin. The ruminal fluid pH, chloride content, and volatile fatty acids were also measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation. At partum, the ...

Background: A milkshake is a delicious and non-carbonated refreshment produced using dairy, frozen flavour related item. The growth of microbes is inevitable in milk shakes when proper hygienic conditions were not maintained. These microbes may produce toxins which are harmful and may lead to food poisoning. This study was established to calculate total plate count (Staphylococcus aureus, Total coliform and Salmonella) present in Apple and Banana milk shakes. Study Design: The samples from 25 different public and private educational institutes were collected to analyse using pour plate method to determinate total microbial load in apple and banana milk shake. Results and Discussion: Total plate count in August was significantly higher than in November. In August TPC range of banana shake was between 2.3x107-7.2x107 cfu/ml and respectively in November range between 2.1 x107-6.7 x107cfu/ml. In August TPC range of apple shake between 2.2x107-7.5x107 cfu/ml and respectively in November ...

The present study was performed to identify the effect of different milking methods and frequencies on milk yield, composition and health of Holstein Friesian cattle at Government Dairy Farm (GDF) Quetta. Sixteen pure Holstein Friesian cattle breed lactating animals were selected according to their age, body weight and lactation period. They were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D with four cows in each group. Research work was conducted on dry matter in-take (DMIT), milking frequencies, milking practices (both hand and machine milking), animal behavior, milk composition (fats and solids not fats) and cost of milk production aspects in light of factual prevalent rates. Results on group mean values indicated that DMIT in groups A, B, C and D was 16.63±0.53 kg to 16.74±0.55 kg for all experimental animals, out of the total of 38 kgs feed/fodder, daily per cow. As a whole total dry matter in-take depicted 25-26%. The effect of milking frequencies on milk yield was significant....

This study aimed to assess the relationship between milk components and amino acid (AA) profiles among different buffalo crossbreds in Bangladesh. A total of thirty-six (36) lactating buffaloes were selected from Murrah, Nili-Ravi, and Mehsana crossbreds, and they were assigned to 03 groups, each with 12 buffaloes. The total experimental period was 10 weeks, including the initial 10 days of diet adjustment. The results from the experiment revealed that milk protein, fat, and total solids contents of Murrah crossbred was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Mehsana and Nili-Ravi crossbreds. In contrast, the lactose content of all buffalo crossbreds was statistically similar (p>0.05). In the case of milk amino acid contents, all the milk samples entailed a higher concentration of Glutamic acid (0.9-1.00 g/100 g of milk), whereas Cysteine had the lowest concentration (0.02-0.05 g/100 g). The most prevalent essential amino acids were Leucine, Lysine, and Phenylalanine, whereas the m...

Alkaline phosphatase is used as the main marker in the evaluation of successful milk pasteurization, although there is concern about whether this method is appropriate for non-cow milk. We systematically reviewed articles related to ALP in non-cow milk and dairy products. From a total of 183 studies retrieved, 31 articles were included in the review. Our study shows that most research is focused on goat and sheep milk, while other species are rather neglected as far as the use of ALP as a milk safety marker is concerned. More evidence on ALP kinetics is required for non-cow milk and its products and on alternative pasteurization-efficiency markers, such as other enzymes, as these issues are crucial for consumer health.

The effect of combined feed supplements (prilled fat, sweetener and toxin binder) was studied on 24 apparently healthy early lactating rural and urban maintained Murrah buffaloes. The feeding of combined feed supplement was carried out for a period of 90 days. DMI, BCS, body weight were recorded at fortnightly intervals and milk composition was analyzed at weekly intervals. Blood samples were analyzed for hormones, plasma metabolites and lipid profile. The supplementation increased (p<0.01) milk yield by 13.6 and 17.0% in urban and rural Murrah buffaloes with respective increases of 20.14 and14.98% in milk fat (p<0.01). BCS and DMI varied non-significantly (P>0.05) between the groups. Body weight increased in rural buffaloes in comparison to urban buffaloes. Plasma GH was higher (p<0.05) before supplementation and fluctuated non-significantly (P>0.05) during supplementation period. Mean leptin levels decreased (p<0.05) while plasma estradiol and IgG level increased...

To evaluate immunologic activities of neutrophils, blood samples were collected from 6 high yielding (HY) and 6 low yielding (LY) Murrah (MU) buffaloes on -15, -7, -5, -3, -2, -1 days prepartum, at calving and on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 15 days postpartum. Blood Total leucocyte counts (TLC) and neutrophil percent increased at calving in both the groups, but the levels were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) high in HY MU buffaloes. The number of bend neutrophils were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in HY buffaloes. Significant (P < 0.05) immunosuppression in relation to PA was found for HY MU buffaloes throughout the peripartum period with lowest immunosuppression at calving in both the groups. Cortisol levels were significantly (P < 0.01) higher during calving and negatively correlated with neutrophilic functions. The difference between two groups also remained significant (P < 0.05) as higher level of cortisol found in HY MU buffaloes. Elastase, collagenase and cat...