Open Source Hardware

We present Edaq530, a low-cost, compact and easy-to-use digital measurement solution consisting of a thumb-sized USB-to-sensor interface and a measurement software. The solution is fully open source, our aim being to provide a viable alternative to professional solutions. Our main focus in designing Edaq530 has been versatility and transparency. In this article, we shall introduce the capabilities of Edaq530, complement it by showing a few sample experiments, and discuss the feedback we have received in the course a teacher training workshop in which the participants received personal copies of Edaq530 and later made reports on how they could utilise Edaq530 in their teaching., Edaq530: a transparent, open-end and open-source measurement solution in natural science education, Eur.

In our late industrial times, two weighty terrestrial infrastructures appear inescapable when becoming unstuck from the earth’s surface. Whether it is gasoline in propeller planes, kerosene in jet engines, propane in hot air balloons, or helium in stratospheric balloons, going up isn’t possible without drilling down. The actual burning of fuel in commercial airplanes, pumping out innumerable ultrafine particles and 50 pounds of CO2 for every mile traveled, is the final corrosive sputter of an already environmentally costly hydrocarbon extraction process. The second set of infrastructures—less materially manifest than the mesh of pipelines, condensate tanks, drill rigs, frack chemical impoundments, water trucks, refineries, and compressor stations that establish landscapes of oil and gas extraction—are those that maintain intellectual property.  Aircrafts like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner are the vibrating embodiments of over 1000 patents and many more proprietary secrets. The Aeroscene is poised to de- and re-engineer the hydrocarbon and intellectual property infrastructures that envelop our world.

Although solar photovoltaic (PV) module costs have been declining aggressively there has been only modest capital cost improvements for the balance of systems (BoS) in general, and for racking in particular. For small-scale PV systems racking can make up the majority of the capital expenditures. To overcome this challenge, in this study a novel parametric mobile low-cost open source racking system is designed using open source software and validated with numerical modeling. The system is designed to use readily accessible vertically-mounted conduit and steel cables and be built with common hand tools so that it is easily replicable in remote areas and the developing world. It can be assembled and deployed in half an hour and easily dissembled and flat-packed for transport. The system can be fabricated for less than commercial racks and is completely customizable in terms of tilt angle and size. The racking system is designed to resist light to moderate wind loads consistent with everyday breezes rather than those commonly used for structural design which are based on extreme events; as it is assumed the racking system will be disassembled and stowed prior to an extreme wind event.

Este libro contiene una recopilación de artículos que presentan elementos teóricos, técnicos y de reflexión sobre la integración de las tecnologías en la sociedad venezolana, desde una perspectiva histórica y política congruente con el Proyecto Nacional. En particular, se hace referencia a la categoría de las "tecnologías libres", es decir, aquellas cuyas fuentes de código y diseños son accesibles y pueden ser reutilizados con permiso y reconocimiento de los autores. Algunos ejemplos de este tipo de tecnología son las aplicaciones de software basadas en linux (software libre) y las impresoras 3D con diseños abiertos (hardware libre). Las tecnologías libres se conciben como una alternativa para la superación de limitaciones estructurales en Venezuela y en América Latina. Pero no en el sentido ingenuo o tecno-optimista que toma la tecnología como variable causal en los procesos de cambio social, sino más bien en el sentido crítico de plantearse la generación de tecnologías en sus dos dimensiones: la humana y la instrumental. Por esa razón, las tecnologías libres aparecen situadas en el contexto social que define no solamente su utilidad, sino también su sentido dentro del proyecto histórico de sociedad. Además, se hace énfasis en el tema del Infogobierno como un modo de aportar al debate que en los últimos años se desenvolvió en el país en torno a la discusión de la Ley de Infogobierno y la apropiación de tecnologías libres por parte del Estado venezolano. El libro está ordenado en tres apartados. En el primero, "Exploraciones en torno al Conocimiento como Bien Público y el Infogobierno", se presenta una indagación que permite el cuestionamiento de algunas creencias comunes en el campo del pensamiento sociotécnológico. Entre otros aspectos, se hace énfasis en la crítica a la neutralidad tecnológica, cuando se plantea la posibilidad de ver el desarrollo tecnológico como problema político-ideológico y de situar la discusión en torno al conocimiento en un contexto cultural y territorial. Además, se muestra de qué manera los movimientos del software libre son resultados de contradicciones históricas, como por ejemplo la diatriba entre capitalistas clásicos y neoliberales. Por lo tanto, los primeros artículos sirven para ilustrar el rechazo a la neutralidad de la tecnología, para presentar ésta, en cambio, como resultado de dinámicas políticas y culturales. El segundo apartado, "Linderos para la construcción del Infogobierno venezolano", presenta algunas propuestas conceptuales para apoyar la tesis de que el conocimiento es un bien con sentido público. Conceptos como "colonialismo" e "independencia", que expresan complejas dinámicas sociales, contribuyen a darle sentido a conceptos como "innovación" y "desarrollo tecnológico" como parte de propuestas de interpretación prospectiva. Por ejemplo, se explica la relación entre el Proyecto Nacional y la tecnología como actividad socioproductiva, al mostrar de qué manera ésta siempre se encuentra relacionada con determinado horizonte de sociedad; y se explica que el mismo se encuentra siempre en disputa, como en el caso de las comunidades de software libre venezolanas y el sabotaje a la industria petrolera en el 2002. Así, desde esta plataforma, se formula una proyección sobre la importancia de la Ley de Infogobierno para la sociedad venezolana, en el sentido de mostrar que, más que establecer la obligatoriedad del uso de software libre en la administración pública, lo que se presenta es una oportunidad para generar dinámicas que favorezcan la transformación política, educativa y productiva del país, en cuanto que, como se ha explicado, las tecnologías libres se presentan en su relación humana e instrumental. En el tercer apartado, "Cimientos para el Infogobierno con Sentido Nacional, Popular y Revolucionario", se exponen algunos proyectos en tecnologías libres para su consideración a la luz de los elementos presentados hasta ahora. El proyecto de Mapa Industrial de Venezuela ilustra cómo las tecnologías libres pueden entrar en un esquema de planificación económica que favorezca la autonomía con respecto a los proveedores de bienes nacionales e importados, y para generar insumos a la formulación de políticas de inversión económica. El proyecto Planificación Estratégica Situacional propone una metodología reemplazar la planificación normativa en las instancias de la administración pública por un enfoque de planificación estratégica, y presenta un sistema de apoyo para automatizar la toma de decisiones estratégicas y presupuestarias en la planificación nacional. Por último, el proyecto de Televisión Digital Abierta parte de una concepción integral de esta tecnología y expone un conjunto de propuestas de investigación y desarrollo en diferentes campos de actuación, así como también aplicaciones ilustrativas, como "Pueblo Alerta", un sistema para informar a la población sobre…

Measuring climatic conditions is a fundamental task for a wide array of scientific and practical fields. Weather variables change depending on position and time, especially in tropical zones without seasons. Additionally, the increasing development of precision or smart agriculture makes it necessary to improve the measurement systems while widely distributing them at the location of crops. For these reasons, in this work, the design, construction and fabrication of an adaptable autonomous solar-powered climatic station with wireless 3G or WiFi communication is presented. The station measures relative humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind speed, and light radiation. In addition, the system monitors the charge state of the main battery and the energy generated by the photovoltaic module to act as a reference cell for solar energy generation capability and agrivoltaic potential in the installation area. The station can be remotely controlled and reconfigured. The collected data from all sensors can be uploaded to the cloud in real-time. This initiative aims at enhancing the development of free and open source hardware that can be used by the agricultural sector and that allows professionals in the area to improve harvest yield and production conditions.

I have designed the Brewcast project, a communication interface that attempts to combine coffee drinking, social networking technology and telecommunication interface design. By making a functioning prototype, I attempt to problematize current design conventions and motivations, placing value on the narrative of the design, a design fiction. The design fiction I create in my work takes place in a near-future where post smartphone culture, ubiquitous computing and wide spread internet or network access has replaced the need for individualized smart-phones and social networking apps. Through this widespread access to wi-fi hotspots that provide city-wide internet access people may be less inclined to carry around a personal communication device because of access to internet based connection almost anywhere. Social networking may revert back to traditional social collective interaction styles with the obsolescing of individualized mobile communication technologies. Durational interacti...

Enabled by ICTs and digital fabrication tools such as 3D printing, and facilitated by shared workspaces such as makerspaces and FabLabs, digital innovation and fabrication networks (DIFNs) are emerging globally. To open the debate on this nascent phenomenon in the global South, this paper examines the current state of knowledge and offers future research directions. Through a systematic scoping review of 70 articles, it identifies a need for more empirical and more conceptualised research, particularly on under-researched regions including Latin America, Africa and most of Asia. Three research topic areas are identified for immediate attention: the nature of production processes within DIFNs; the relationship between DIFNs and the wider innovation systems within which they sit; and the tension between the open and closed worldviews manifest in DIFNs.

It is a challenge to introduce and practice computational modes of visual narrative in art and design and computer science classroom environments. Students need to learn, practice and synthesize a collection of multidisciplinary skills when they develop projects (software development, art production, animation, interactivity, game design, electronics, among others), and such efforts often require collaborative work in team-based environments. These challenges are especially acute in domains such as augmented, mixed and virtual reality, where teams are also tasked to innovate in emerging platforms, as standards, affordances and potentials are open-ended and changing rapidly. As students address such design problems with creativity, they practice divergent thinking, and ingenuity, solving problems in inventive ways-such skills are difficult to teach. Emerging curricular strategies sometimes focus on fostering collaborative spaces and challenges that require multidisciplinary problem solving for unorthodox scenarios and the interplay of technology, arts, and design thinking. That is the focus of this paper. We present a project and technology platform called Story-Go-Round. The particulars of the platform are evolving-it was developed over the course of an academic semester, as a studio assignment for art and design students. The project involves a collection of technologies and a flexible, open-source design-a depth camera, actuated physical stage, basic electronics, digitally fabricated cabinet, computer and game controller controls, and a series of software templates and development environments. The students are asked to consider the affordances of the system and consider its potential to be modified, hacked and hybridized, towards the goal of creating a novel, cyclical storytelling experience. Story-Go-Round is a mythotrope, meaning "story turning", a term coined by the authors as a reference to a zoetrope, a historically significant cylindrical pre-film animation device developed in the 19 th century. It is an experimental physical development platform for producing augmented digital experiences. Students physically construct dioramas in an actuated carousel, modify the hardware platform, and then integrate the hand-crafted sets and engineered technical system with digital content, animation, interactivity, gameplay and effects. The platform has a low barrier to entry, it first involves crafting using methods familiar from childhood. It then introduces foundational skills, allowing the students to show off expert skills while at the same time crossing discipline domains into new areas. Along the way students consider the history of animation, video game consoles and digital media. As educators in this highly virtualized era, we are tempted to shift the focus exclusively to digital tools; however, this limits the design that students produce to choices and levels of complexity offered by software, and the results become alike and repetitive. We wanted to create an assignment that functions by combining two made-up worlds: one that is physically produced and another that is digitally animated and controlled. When students try to develop a multi-faceted project like this, which crosses multiple technical and artistic domains, and try to quickly learn the skills they need to implement their vision, they get to experience the remixing, mashup, open-source making culture, which is so prominent in the way we work today. How else can young designers best learn the duct-tape and jerry-rigging skills which will allow them to see potential opportunities in disparate things, and find new ways of hacking them together to create something new, playful and whimsical, even if what they create is also "absurd", and often not practical?

Mr Kwana Tulu returning from a hard day of hoeing at his small family farm in central Gambia lamented about the back-breaking job of a farmer. Especially one without a tractor. He has saved for a John Deere tractor for some years now, but he was not any closer to buying one. His son, Gatamana showed him blue-prints for building a tractor.  Gatamana said he got them from opensourceecology's website and they were free. Gatamana said they could build a “GVCS tractor” and that the information said “GVCS tractors” are cheaper than a John Deere tractor if you build it yourself using the plans on the site.

The paper argues about the importance of textile manufacturing in the age of
digital fabrication. Today, the tools of desktop fabrication have been developing rapidly, at the
same time the first digital personal manufacturing tool for home-use that is an electronic
knitting machine from 1976 has been forgotten.
The first part of article aims to bring forward changes in manufacturing industry starting from
the Industrial Revolution up to the today's tendencies towards a one-person-industry. As well
the phenomena of Fab Labs and open hardware are discussed, and the absents of textile
fabrication underlined.
Through several case studies, examples, and detailed technical realization of an obsolete
electronic knitting machine's modification, we aim to demonstrate the efficiency and future
possibilities for applying a knitting machine in the field of personal manufacturing and
desktop fabrication.

According to a group of Stanford scientists, mealworms, the larva of darkling beetles, can digest Styrofoam, a type of polystyrene, and break it down into carbon dioxide. This paper investigates the plastic-digesting property of mealworms on different types of plastic, namely polystyrene (PS), low- density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Since mealworms breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. To measure the extent of plastic intake, we explored an alternative method to measure the extent of plastic digestion - using Arduino carbon dioxide sensors instead of calculating the difference in weight of plastic. As the increase in the exhalation of carbon dioxide is indicative of the amount of plastic consumed, the authors measured the change in carbon dioxide concentration of the mealworms' environment as they consume plastic. This is put into comparison with when the mealworms respire without food. The results show that mealworms consume Styrofoam to a certain ...

Some of the most promising distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) technical systems use fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF), where compression screws force post-consumer waste plastic through a heated nozzle for direct 3D printing. To assist the technical evolution of these systems, this study provided the details of an invention for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source grinding machine for compression screw manufacturing. The system itself can be largely fabricated using FPF/FGF following the self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) methodology. This grinding machine can be made from a cordless cut-off grinder and < $155 in parts. The new invention is demonstrated to be able to cut custom screws with variable (i) channel depths, (ii) screw diameters, (iii) screw lengths, (iv) pitches, (v) abrasive disk thicknesses, (vi) handedness of the screws, (vii) and materials (three types of steel tested: 1045 steel, 1144 steel, and ...

Apparatus, methods, and systems for automated liquid droplet manipulation include an open droplet supporting surface. An actuator can translate the surface in space with at least one degree freedom of movement to influence movement of one or more droplets on the surface. In one embodiment, the surface is patterned with areas that attract the droplets and interstitial areas that repel the droplets to enhance transport of droplets. For example, for water-based droplets the attracting areas can be hydrophilic and the repelling hydrophobic. In one embodiment, the repelling areas are superhydrophobic. Electromechanical movement of the surface avoids expensive and complex microfluidic fabrication and components, and avoids electrowetting requirements.

Scientists have begun using self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers to manufacture open source digital designs of scientific equipment. This approach is refined here to develop a novel instrument capable of performing automated large-area four-point probe measurements. The designs for conversion of a RepRap 3-D printer to a 2-D open source four-point probe (OS4PP) measurement device are detailed for the mechanical and electrical systems. Free and open source software and firmware are developed to operate the tool. The OS4PP was validated against a wide range of discrete resistors and indium tin oxide (ITO) samples of different thicknesses both pre- and post-annealing. The OS4PP was then compared to two commercial proprietary systems. Results of resistors from 10 to 1 MΩ show errors of less than 1% for the OS4PP. The 3-D mapping of sheet resistance of ITO samples successfully demonstrated the automated capability to measure non-uniformities in large-area samples. The ...

Fused particle fabrication (FPF) (or fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has potential for increasing recycled polymers in 3-D printing. Here, the open source Gigabot X is used to develop a new method to optimize FPF/FGF for recycled materials. Virgin polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and prints were analyzed and were then compared to four recycled polymers including the two most popular printing materials (PLA and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) as well as the two most common waste plastics (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP)). The size characteristics of the various materials were quantified using digital image processing. Then, power and nozzle velocity matrices were used to optimize the print speed, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for a given polymer feedstock. ASTM type 4 tensile tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of each plastic when they were printed with a particle drive extruder ...

This study reports on the results of a systematic literature review on ‘open design’ in academic fields including and beyond design and HCI. The review investigates how studies are framed as open design and open-source design (including ‘open hardware’): how researchers contribute to conceptual theorizing about open design or study its practical operationalization, in do-it-yourself ‘making,’ manufacturing and practices in-between these domains. Most of the papers reviewed were empirical studies from diverse fields. Open design was analyzed not only as contributions and solutions, but also as open-to-participate processes, openly shared processes, and open, closed, and modular (open and closed) outcomes. Various research fields presented an open design framing as an alternative to the status quo: new ways to do business and/or to foster socio-environmental sustainability. On the manufacturing side, open design was sought especially to accelerate innovation cycles; on the making side, it was espoused to foster democratization. However, the studies reviewed indicated that companies do not appear to develop much beyond business-as-usual. From the research perspective, the conceptual potential of open design to promote sustainability saw little practical exploration. Additionally, issues around open design community governance and ownership, safety and reliability of open outcomes require further investigation.

El uso de hardware y software libre dentro de la comunidad artística a nivel mundial cada vez toma más fuerza, sin embargo en el país es un tema que se desconoce o se lo aplica muy poco. Con la introducción al uso y aplicaciones del hardware libre y en combinación con el software libre, permite que el artista pueda desarrollar su arte de una manera más abierta, brindando la posibilidad de que pueda desarrollar performances más avanzados que justamente expresen lo que el artista quiere decir desde su imaginario.

Open source software (OSS) and hardware (OSH) are two expressions of one broader concept and its related movement. One of the most fundamental questions relating to these phenomena is why developers contribute their private resources to these public goods. While this question has been discussed, theorized, and empirically investigated in the context of OSS, there has been no research so far in the context of OSH. Can we really assume the motivations behind the development of the OSH to be the same as those behind OSS? Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), we provide original insights into the motivations behind contributions to OSH development. We collected data from the most common and active 3D printing communities, which are the main loci of OSH development. We thus have a unique cross-sectional data set with participants from over 30 different countries using all kinds of different OSH platforms. Our analysis reveals several important findings: firstly, the motivations are in some aspects very similar to those in open source software notwithstanding different possibilities, hurdles, and incentives regarding the OSS and OSH. Above all, enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation is a major factor affecting contribution levels. Secondly, among internalized extrinsic motivations, expected private benefits through improving own skills stands out. Thirdly, different factors of internalized extrinsic motivations can have different moderating effects on the effect of enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation. Given the imminent changes in business models throughout manufacturing industries in order to adapt to the challenge that OSH will increasingly pose, our findings have important implications not only for OSH communities and 3D development platforms, but also for businesses that want and probably soon have to engage in open innovation.

This project presents a design for schools in developing countries such as Indonesia. It encourages a networked mesh of open source environmental sensors to help teachers surface students’ evolving intuitions and conceptions about their local microclimate through a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-based curriculum. The objective is to afford teachers in resource-poor environments the means to design curriculum which would permit and encourage empirical investigation of environments familiar to learners, to increase task authenticity and context. Two cycles of Lesson Study were conducted, and results were analyzed in terms of teacher engagement and learner dispositions such as creativity. Teachers found the journey rewarding. The project continued through 2017 and into 2018.

AXIOM is the first professional, extendable, affordable and modular cinema camera platform based on Free ("libre") Software, Open Design, Open Hardware, transparent development processes and extensive documentation. The community project establishes an ecosystem that offers a sustainable basis for a broad spectrum of imaging applications and empowers enthusiasts, videographers as well as developers in the technology and creative industry sectors.

The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) is Europe's largest association of hackers with 5,500 registered members. The CCC hosts the annual Chaos Communication Congress, Europe's biggest hacker gathering. When the event was held in the Hamburg congress center in 2013, it drew 9,000 guests. For the 2016 instalment, 11,000 guests were expected, with additional viewers following the event via live streaming.

Human Development is not a term used in casual conversation, it describes the current approach used by large aide international development organizations like the United Nations; but most people are familiar with the terms “emergency relief” and “humanitarian intervention”. Emergency relief focuses on providing assistance to save lives, alleviate suffering, or protect populations; while human development uses various societal levers to improve living conditions. The United Nation has been publishing an annual report on human development since 1990 (UNDP 1990), and it is widely recognized as a consistent measure of global living conditions. Development strategies revolve around a transfer of something valuable to an aided population: education, vaccination, fertilizers, etc. In technology-based human development projects, technology artefacts (a medical record computer system, solar electrification systems, irrigation) and related knowledge (education, operation and maintenance instruction) are those valuables being transferred. The benefits of technology are specific to each economy, and dependant on how quickly technology is adapted and integrated in the local economy (Cypher & Dietz 2008). The value of ideas increases to the degree they can be shared with and used by others (Houghton & Sheehan 2000): the more knowledge is diffused and adopted, the greater its value. The success of free and open-source software exemplifies this principle, and a growing number of scholars agree that the model also applies to hardware (Balka et al. 2009; Thompson 2008). This thesis presents research on open source hardware and its knowledge-sharing approach as a means to human development. It presents a model that leverages the collaborative design methodology of open hardware for adoption of artefacts that address pressing “humanitarian technology” needs, for example, in health or education. To achieve this, critical literature reviews on open source and on technology-based human development are first done; the findings from literature are then complemented with the findings from interviews and case studies to model a sustainable deployment strategy for open source use in human development projects. Adopting the human development paradigm defined in the first Human Development Report (“HDR1990”), which aims at three people-centered aspirations: to live a long and healthy life, to be educated and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living (UNDP 1990). This thesis research models its deployment strategy using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), showing that: (a) open source hardware, like any technology used in development, can magnify effective development programs when used appropriately; (b) Dr. E.F. Schumacher’s appropriate technology principles, and P. Polak’s reinstatement, mesh very well with the open source methodology, as long as required constituents in the aided communities are taken care of (availability of electricity, internet access, technical know-how, etc.); (c) extreme affordability is particularly important for open source hardware, because a sustainable strategy is based on the belief that aided population would want to procure these artifacts if they improve their earning potential; (d) participatory human development practices work well with the open source methodology, but “solutions” must be fully verified before deployment. This document is structured in 5 chapters: introduction, literature review, research strategies, case studies and interviews, and conclusion. The appendix include three articles published on parallel work for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) on defining a strategy for the IEEE’s use of opens source technology in their humanitarian activities. This research provides insight into the new topic of open source hardware and its proposed use in the mission critical context of international development; because entrepreneurship is a key enabler to the strategy it describes, I hope the research can support future work on that aspect.

The paper contains a study and a closer look at open source virtual reality technology and its application within the field of architecture. It makes an investigation of the past and current state. It is written as part of a Master’s dissertation at the Scott Sutherland School of Architecture of Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Scotland.
The aim is to analyse and describe virtual reality’s relevance to the architecture industry in order to attempt to answer the questions: “Can a better and more intuitive interaction with the future space/unbuilt space help reduce general/technical misunderstanding within the initial phases of the architectural design process?” The research focuses on open sourcing and the relatively inexpensive hardware solutions readily available.
It also tries to make a case towards a general problem which persists in today’s world, namely the information loss when trying to communicate an architectural design proposal following traditional methods.
The first part of the paper tries to formulate a problem background, research justification and context. The second chapter creates an informational background on Virtual Reality, it’s relevance to architecture and various human spatial perceptions and differences between dimension representations. Here, a study on design communication and the evolution of representation within architecture is detailed. The third part of this paper involves a practical experiment using open source virtual reality solutions to demonstrate the difference between the efficiency of a traditional presentation’s design communication and the virtual reality version of the same example using a feedback system of questionnaires. Chapter four makes an evaluation of the experiment, while the final chapter offers conclusions and recommendations.

Among the many issues facing sustainable technological development, dispersed and un-coordinated research, as well as poor communication and collaboration of technological knowledge to those that need it, play a major role in many failed and delayed projects. However, the Internet and its multifaceted platforms provide a potential solution to these problems. This paper examines the ways in which the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) can improve critical shortcomings to sustainable development efforts. Specifically, the strategies of open source appropriate technology (OSAT) and innovation through collaboration are reviewed. The methods are examined by which OSAT is i) accelerating innovation by building and sharing knowledge, ii) improving collaboration and iii) increasing both the efficiency and effectiveness of many programs and projects. Four OSAT case studies are presented for organizations at the forefront of open collaborative technologies for sustainable development: i) Practical Action, ii) Kopernik, iii) Engineering for Change, and iv) The Appropedia Foundation. The key features, models and the approaches employed by these organizations are discussed and conclusions are drawn from these case studies to contribute insight and better guide the development of this new innovation strategy.

This talk investigates the influence and importance of open culture on wearables and fashion tech production, dissemination and technological crafting. By looking at how technologies are facilitating access, networks and small production lines I aim to reveal the changing creative and production practices of fashion and technology from a pure industrialized vs. craft-based one, to a sophisticated, high-tech and networked 21st century cottage industry. An emphasis on the open design principles applied to textile material practices adopted to sustain and enhance this field will be addressed.

L'articolo è una riflessione sulla materializzazione dei dati nel mondo fisico. Riflettendo su fenomeni come il computational design, la stampa 3d, il digital manufacturing, la Internet Of Things, il testo si pone alcune domande riguardanti la cosiddetta "terza rivoluzione industriale". Quali saranno le principali sfide per il future portate dall'ibridazione tra ICT e manifattura industriale ed artigianale?