Penguin

Polar seabirds adopt different over-wintering strategies to survive and build condition during the critical winter period. Penguin species either reside at the colony during the winter months or migrate long distances. Tracking studies and survey methods have revealed differences in winter migration routes among penguin species and colonies, dependent on both biotic and abiotic factors present. However, scan sampling methods are rarely used to reveal non-breeding behaviors during winter and little is known about presence at the colony site over this period. Here we show that Adélie penguins on the Yalour Islands in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are present year-round at the colony and undergo a mid-winter peak in abundance during winter. We found a negative relationship between daylight hours and penguin abundance when either open water or compact ice conditions were present, suggesting that penguins return to the breeding colony when visibility is lowest for at-sea foraging...

Архипов-Балтийский С.В. Рассуждение о морфомеханике. Норма: В 2-х томах. – Калининград, 2004. – 820 с. (электронная версия 1.5, исправленная и дополненная). Содержит 15 таблиц, 340 иллюстраций, библиография - 885 названий. Текст доступен по ссылке: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/04/2004.html
В книге рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся функции связки головки бедра и значения механического фактора для живых систем. Освещены статика и динамика опорно-двигательной системы человека.
Печатная версия книги имеется в Российской национальной библиотеке (Санкт-Петербург, primo.nlr.ru) и Российской государственной библиотеке (Москва, aleph.rsl.ru).

Представлена новая версия Общей классификации патологии ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), которая доступна на специализированном сайте по адресу: kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com. Первый вариант классификации был опубликован в 2020 году и вызвал определенный интерес у врачей и редакторов. В очередной версии уточнены формулировки, добавлены новые разделы и параграфы. Для некоторых перечней приведены ссылки на источники, появилась функция комментирования. Классификации призваны систематизировать патологию LCF, помочь в разработке общих подходов к ее описанию, регистрации, анализу и лечению.

Currently, anterior cruciate ligament grafting is one of the most popular operations on the knee joint, but despite the fact that the technique has been used for years, there is a high percentage of unsatisfactory long-term postoperative results, reaching 25%, according to various authors. The concern over this problem has led to an increase in the number of studies aimed at the understanding of the causes of these failures. Most researchers have concluded that the unsatisfactory results are associated with instability in the knee joint, which is caused by the damage of a ligamentous structure found in many dissections, namely, anterolateral ligament (ALL). In this literature review, we have analyzed the articles dedicated to the ALL, its anatomical and histological structure, its biomechanics, as well as its role in the anterolateral stability of the joint. Also in this review we consider the existing surgical methods for the correction of anterolateral instability associated with ...

Compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AA) has rapidly become a powerful tool in studies of food web architecture, resource use, and biogeochemical cycling. However, applications to avian ecology have been limited because no controlled studies have examined the patterns in AA isotope fractionation in birds. We conducted a controlled CSIA feeding experiment on an avian species, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), to examine patterns in individual AA carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation between diet (D) and consumer (C) (Δ13CC‐D and Δ15NC‐D, respectively). We found that essential AA δ13C values and source AA δ15N values in feathers showed minimal trophic fractionation between diet and consumer, providing independent but complimentary archival proxies for primary producers and nitrogen sources respectively, at the base of food webs supporting penguins. Variations in nonessential AA Δ13CC‐D values reflected differences in macromolecule sources us...

The relevance of the problem of children with upper limb trauma medical rehabilitation is determined by the high frequency elbow joint fractures; the risk of complications development, disabilityc of the patient. A comprehensive medical rehabilitation program assumes a personalized approach and a differentiated prescription of physical factors, depending on the time period of rehabilitation. Early physical rehabilitation is a key link in the complete recovery of the function of a patient’s limb with damage to the elbow joint. The purpose of this work is to analyze literature and summarize the results of our own research to determine the optimal approaches and methods for medical rehabilitation of children with upper limb injury. The medical rehabilitation program includes various methods of kinesiotherapy, robotic mechanotherapy, massage, a wide range of apparatus physiotherapy to improve the trophism of the periarticular tissues, to maintain mobility in joints free from immobilizat...

The article is devoted to the application of modern technologies of medical rehabilitation in Pediatrics. Developed and scientifically based innovative technologies of hardware physiotherapy are presented: electrotherapy, light therapy, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy, peloidotherapy. New methods of kinesotherapy are highlighted: robotic mechanotherapy, kinesiotaping. Modern methods of medical rehabilitation in Pediatrics are presented: manual therapy, psychotherapy, etc.

Background. Severe hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the biceps brachii is a primary cause of restriction in activities of daily living in patients with arthrogryposis. Aim. To estimate the possibility of restoring elbow active flexion via a latissimus dorsii transfer in patients with arthrogryposis. Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2018, we restored active flexion of the elbow via a latissimus dorsi transfer to the biceps brachii in 30 patients with arthrogryposis (44 upper limbs). We used different regimes including clinical examinations, EMG donor and recipient sites, and CT of the chest wall and shoulder. Results. The mean age of the patients was 4.0 ± 2.4 years, and the follow-up period was 3.2 ± 1.9 months. Follow-up results were available for 26 patients (30 upper limbs). The active postoperative elbow motion was 90.5 ± 14.9°. Elbow extension limitation occurred in 51% of cases (12.8 ± 4.3°) without any problems in activities of daily living. In total, 55.6% of patients had good ...

Popularity of pet birds has increased tremendously in recent years, resulting in the importation of large numbers of birds, especially psittacines. During this same time period, there has been an unprecedented increase in the rate of habitat destruction in the tropics. The combination of these two factors has caused a decrease in the number of individuals in many wild psittacine populations. It would be very beneficial to find ways of increasing the productivity of captive birds and, simultanec usly, increase their genetic diversity. Cryogenic semen preservation is one way of achieving these goals. A frozen  sperm bank could ensure the maintenance of a large degree of genetic diversity, should individuals be lost, and it is cheaper than maintaining large, captive populations. A sperm bank would also decrease the need to import large numbers of individuals and thus aid in maintaining wild populations. A few individuals could occasionally be captured to supply " new blood" t...

This study identified and compared the attitudes of visitors toward zoo-housed little penguins, their enclosure and visitor experience that may influence the way visitors behave toward little penguins at two Australian zoos. Visitor attitudes were assessed using an anonymous questionnaire, targeting visitor beliefs, and experiences, where visitors were randomly approached at the penguin exhibit after they had finished viewing the penguins. Visitors were given two options to complete the questionnaire, on an iPad during their zoo visit or online (URL sent via email) after their zoo visit. A total of 638 participants (495 at Melbourne Zoo and 143 at Taronga Zoo) completed the questionnaire, 42% were completed onsite during their zoo visit and 58% were completed online after their zoo visit. Most participants were living in Australia, non-zoo members, female, previously or currently owned a pet, aged between 26 and 35 years and had a University degree. Results showed that the attitude ...

Background. Severe hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the biceps brachii is a primary cause of restriction in activities of daily living in patients with arthrogryposis. Aim. To estimate the possibility of restoring elbow active flexion via a latissimus dorsii transfer in patients with arthrogryposis. Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2018, we restored active flexion of the elbow via a latissimus dorsi transfer to the biceps brachii in 30 patients with arthrogryposis (44 upper limbs). We used different regimes including clinical examinations, EMG donor and recipient sites, and CT of the chest wall and shoulder. Results. The mean age of the patients was 4.0 ± 2.4 years, and the follow-up period was 3.2 ± 1.9 months. Follow-up results were available for 26 patients (30 upper limbs). The active postoperative elbow motion was 90.5 ± 14.9°. Elbow extension limitation occurred in 51% of cases (12.8 ± 4.3°) without any problems in activities of daily living. In total, 55.6% of patients had good ...

Background: The standard of the surgical treatment for arthrosis of the knee joint (KJ) at the later stages is total arthroplasty, which allows relieving the pain and eliminating the existing deformity. However, there are not enough data on the long-term results after the surgery that is important for understanding the dynamics of the recovery and predicting the result. Aims: Study of clinical, functional, and biomechanical symptoms in patients after total arthroplasty of the knee joint in the long-term period. Methods: 22 patients after knee joint replacement and 20 relatively healthy adults (control group) were examined in long-term periods. The biomechanics of walking was studied at an arbitrary pace. The temporal characteristics of the gait cycle, shock loads and movements in the hip joints (HJ) and KJ were recorded. We recorded the time characteristics of the walking cycle, shock loads and movements in the hip joint (HJ) and KJ. The patients were divided into two subgroups acco...

The rotator cuff is a complex anatomical and biomechanical structure which allows stabilization of the shoulder joint in the correct position and movements in it. The rotator cuff tears remain the most frequent injury as compared to those of other anatomical structures of the shoulder joint and reach the incidence of 21%, according to a number of authors. Such injuries are prone to inducing a fat replacement of muscle tissues in elderly patients against the background of degenerative changes in the structure of the rotator cuff. These injuries are hard-to-heal, and the incidence of relapses after the surgical treatment reaches 2090%, according to several authors. Based on the investigation of the postoperative treatment failures, alternative methods for the replacement, transfer or surgical repair of damaged tendons are adopted, but there is still no single approach and method in the treatment of this pathology. In this literature review, we have analyzed the data on the anatomical ...

Currently, anterior cruciate ligament grafting is one of the most popular operations on the knee joint, but despite the fact that the technique has been used for years, there is a high percentage of unsatisfactory long-term postoperative results, reaching 25%, according to various authors. The concern over this problem has led to an increase in the number of studies aimed at the understanding of the causes of these failures. Most researchers have concluded that the unsatisfactory results are associated with instability in the knee joint, which is caused by the damage of a ligamentous structure found in many dissections, namely, anterolateral ligament (ALL). In this literature review, we have analyzed the articles dedicated to the ALL, its anatomical and histological structure, its biomechanics, as well as its role in the anterolateral stability of the joint. Also in this review we consider the existing surgical methods for the correction of anterolateral instability associated with ...

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is most often structures to be damaged. In this research investigated biomechanics of walking at the timing, kinematics and dynamics parameters for 34 patients which had verified rupture of ACL. The 11 patients were investigated before surgical treatment and 23 after it. Investigations of patients of the first group were made at the time of 1 week to 6 years after trauma of the knee joint (the average meaning is 18 months). The second group was investigated at the time from 1,5 month to 5,5 years (the average meaning is 13 months).At the current research we did not find any specific for rupture of ACL functional disturbances during level walking compare to normal data and healthy limp. However, we assume some tendency to increase of flection-extention movement at the damaged knee joint after surgery.This result could give us some basis for revision the term of instability, because we did not get definite symptoms at our study.

In the article authors describe the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of development of osteoarthritis, a modern approach to the treatment of this group of diseases. Outlined the problems of treatment of coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis in elderly patients with the presence of concomitant somatic pathology. The study used a unique method for estimating motion in gait. Held objectification of treatment results in aged patients with knee joint hyaluronic acid.

Incidence rate of primary synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder joint makes 15–28 %. It is a rare benign lesion of synovial membrane of the joint featured by multiple foci of cartilaginous metaplasia in tissues of the membrane. Dif- ferential diagnostics should be conducted with the diseases, accompanied by formation of intra-articular loose bodies (secondary chondromatosis) at osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondral fracture of the humeral head, and tuberculous rheumatism. But the critical role belongs to histopathology report and molecular genetic analysis. Synovial chondroma- tosis most frequently afflicts one of the major joints (knee, hip, elbow, or shoulder). The pathology develops mainly in young men. Published descriptions of the development of this shoulder joint lesion are very sparse. Diagnostics becomes possible only on the grounds of histological examination of cartilage flaps removed from the joint. Present treatment of synovial chondromatosis includes removal of in...