Policy Framework

През последните десетилетия, понятието културно наследство разширява не само обхвата и съдържанието си, но увеличава и значението си за обществото. То вече представлява съвкупност от материални и нематериални ценности, които обогатяват жизнената ни среда и определят градската идентичност. Логично това води до създаването на нови, съвременни методи и инструменти за неговото опазване, защита и социализация. Налага се необходимостта от полидисциплинарен подход и цялостна политика за опазването и развитието на средата.
Статията разглежда значението на културното наследство за обществото в 21 век и проследява световните практики и политики за опазването му. Представя основните нормативни документи и инструменти в България в тази сфера и предлага възможни действия за подобряване на процедурите за опазването на комплексното културно наследство през 21 век.
---
Conservation of cultural heritage is a systematic process that involves three main sets of activities: 1) identification of cultural properties, 2) legal protection, and 3) expert activities to ensure physical preservation, sustainable use, and modern socialization.
Over the last decades, the notion of cultural heritage has expanded both its scope and its importance to society. It has become an integral part of urban identity with its tangible and intangible values. Therefore, this demands а more comprehensive approach for its conservation,
legal protection, and socialization.
This paper examines international documents in the field and analyzes contemporary interdisciplinary approaches to the preservation of cultural heritage. Bulgarian legislation is compared to the global trends and recommendations are made for its improvement.

Purpose – With roots dating back to the early twentieth century, integrated rural development (IRD) is a term that became commonplace in international development circles in the 1960s and afterwards. Based largely on a dual concept of helping to meet basic needs and improve the overall quality of life of poor people from rural and remote regions within national contexts, IRD initiatives have undergone a series of shifts in emphases, approaches and funding schemes. The purpose of this paper is to document the historical background and development of IRD initiatives over time.

Design/methodology/approach – The research design for this study included a series of mixed data collection methods, including case study examples of best practices, interviews and a thorough review of the formal literature, as well as an in-depth examination of alternative and multi-media literature (e.g. project reports, policy reports, government reports, working papers, newspaper articles, internet publications, etc.).

Findings – The findings of this paper are divided into the following sections. First, key terms of IRD are defined. Next, the background and overview of IRD is introduced including addressing how IRD is viewed as an approach to development, its historical evolution over time, some major IRD initiatives and the major development organizations engaged in promoting IRD. Third, an examination of several IRD models is introduced based on recommended methodologies, noting the sequencing of interventions important to successful IRD initiatives, select examples of IRD initiatives built on public-private partnerships, and the positive and negative outcomes and impacts from select IRD approaches.

Originality/value – The final section focuses on conclusions and seven key recommendations (or ingredients) outlined by the author as essential for implementing successful IRD initiatives: first, create an enabling environment that is conducive and supportive of IRD; second, establish a National Policy Framework for Integrated Development, which includes IRD; third, establish supportive policies and a legal framework that is based on the National Policy Framework; fourth, include two or more sectoral approaches in the initiative (e.g. agriculture, education, health, employment, infrastructure and industry, environment, etc.); fifth, garner participation and commitment from all stakeholders during each of the planning, implementation and evaluation stages; sixth, secure initial seed capital and funding and afterwards sustained funding streams; and seventh, conduct continual monitoring and evaluation throughout the lifespan of the entire initiative with specific adherence to the four key principles of good governance: coordination, information flow, transparency and accountability. Replete with critics and supporters, integrated rural development (IRD) remains an important approach to development in many contexts. As implied by its name, IRD highlights the inherent synergistic and symbiotic potential of this integrated approach. No single paper has examined the global historical evolution of IRD. This paper helps fill this void by providing a framework to position IRD within the broader development context. The paper also provides a background and overview of global IRD, complete with specific examples of implementation methodologies. Finally, the conclusion outlines key characteristics that are essential for successful and sustained IRD implementation initiatives. IRD is an approach that focuses on rural and remote regions of a country, province, state, territory, district or other geographic location. The term IRD is well known within international development circles and is an approach often taught to graduate students, development workers, government planners, practitioners and staff members of international donor agencies who are involved with international development in one way or another.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the internal auditor's understanding of Risk Based Internal Audit (RBIA), identifying the application of risk assessment and risk matrix in the Government of North Sumatra Province. Produce driving and inhibiting factors for the application of risk based internal audit in the Government of North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted using quantitative approaches. The research population is internal auditors in the local government, while the informants in this study are people who understand the problems of implementing Risk Based Internal Audit. The variables that are thought to affect the successful implementation of risk based internal audit are the role of the internal auditor function, top management commitment, training, policy framework, and communication processes. The results showed that top management commitment, training, policy framework had a significant effect on the success of risk management implementation, while the role of the internal audit function and the communication process had no significant effect on the application of risk based internal audit. The results showed that the application of risk based internal audit has a significant effect on the quality of internal audit. JEL Codes : M42

With the advent of new technologies integrated with research data management tools has led to a great revolution in the automation and digitization in libraries to provide innovative
services that cater to the modern “smart” users’ needs. At the same time,
adoption of various policy frameworks for managing the data
and workflow systems
along with other Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOS) such as
Metadata, taxonomies, ontologies
that enable the interoperability of research data that enable information retrieval pose challenges to the information professionals. The expectations of the library patrons are increasing day-by-day, as the required information need to be made available on their fingertips within the short span of time. Within this framework, Research Data Management (RDM) plays a crucial role in the information management and dissemination of research data. The paper will first present a brief overview of RDM, detailed literature review regarding the RDM aspects adopted in libraries of the world. It will also describe several tendencies concerning management of repository tools for managing research data and also the showcase the associated challenges in implementing the RDM. This will also depict the proper planned training and skill development for all stakeholders by mentors to train both staff and users are some of the issues that need to be considered to enhance the RDM process. An attempt will be tried to depict and present the suitable policies with a policy framework and workflows with adoption of best practices in RDM will boost the research process in an organisation.

Url: http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in/dspace/handle/2080/2514

Markets have been an integral part of every society and civilisation, and a core component of everyday life and human interdependency. Street markets in India have been customary modes of livelihood for the larger section of the under skilled and marginalised population. Street vending in each city, big or small, is prevalent outside schools, colleges, government institutions, transport hubs, corporate offices etc. bringing everyday services to the door. But with the neoliberal stints in the economy, the recognition of the economic contribution of street vendors or hawkers has been deferred. Their right to livelihood has been denied dignity and legality, leading to everyday struggles and working under constant threats of evictions, entering a cycle to corruption to make ends meet. Nonetheless, on 6 September 2014, Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 was passed which recognized street vending as a legal occupation.
This paper aims to critically analyse Community Economies and Social Innovation in India through policy making, taking the case of Street Vendors Act, 2014. This research asserts the need to acknowledge socio-economic diversity, not simply as a strategic theoretical choice for cohesion, but rather is a territorialized process As Gibson-Graham (2006) states, “identifying and describing a rich diversity of economic practices and organizations is a key aspect of a politics of language – making space for, and giving legitimacy to, forms of social and economic activity that are obscured and devalued by a capital centric worldview.”
Street Vendors Act, 2014 is a first, and a long overdue initiative taken by the government of India, to acknowledge the existence of the “Social Economy” (Moulaert, 2005). The research aspires to understand and define the important parameters for policy framing and implementation. To do so, the paper demonstrates the case of Bhubaneshwar, a city in the East of India, and elucidates the process of policy making, and its spatial implications. Is this model successful? What is the role of policy making and community participation in Social Innovation in this case?

Although, the emerging literature on social entrepreneurship (SENT) is riddled with theoretical inconsistencies, definitions controversies & framework contestations, the evidences supporting the role of SENT in fostering the socioeconomic development of nations are evolving continuously. However, the policies concerning the creation & management of social enterprises are yet to be crafted in majority of the countries including India. This paper draws on the prevailing state of relevant policies & recent SENT policy developments within India. The paper attempts to analyze the system necessities & develops a conceptual framework of SENT policy in India. The paper finds that there is significant increase in the policy development efforts from Governments of certain developed countries. However, there are little or no concerns for SENT policy framework in majority of developing countries including India. Hence, the paper lays the foundation for development of the policy framework for SENT in India.

The pursuit of the national interest is closely linked to geography, strategy and contexts specific in foreign policy, anchoring remains significant and spatial to the Nation's production possibility frontier with empirical case studies of China and the United States of America. Foreign policy solutions 'desired outcome' are in 'the continuum' termed poly singularity. Public value theory, Kingdon's multiple streams approach and Baumgartner and Jones's punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) was applied as critical thinking to captures decision constructive process of national interest with focus on value streams for stakeholders with the contexts specific situation illuminated as spatial polysingularity construct in framework. China's 'Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)' Project altercasting as liberalist and realist for global economic and militarily power in East Asia. The United States energy interests drives its 'Globalization Agenda and market economies' globally. A new superpower crucible framework with win-win national interest's scenario termed 'warfare ecosystem' postulated.

Keywords: policy development, spatial polysingularity, national interest, public value theory, globalization 4.0, foreign policy, warfare ecosystem and wicked problems framework.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the policy landscape of the social enterprise which is not spoken in any of the present policies and laws of Bangladesh. This study reviews the existing policies and regulatory affairs related to social enterprise formation and operations in Bangladesh. This study also focuses on the analysis of literature that described the national, regional and international good practices on social enterprise. This study tries to find out the past, present and future insight and findings of social enterprises policy implications in Bangladesh. This study finds the breadth and ranges of the policy approaches that the government has implemented for social enterprise development and policy priority for Bangladesh. Because at present in Bangladesh a social enterprise can establish and operate under different laws as there is no specific policy to register and operate the social enterprise in Bangladesh, so it’s confusing for the social entrepreneur to registe...

The purpose of the study is to highlight the policy landscape of the social enterprise which is not spoken in any of the present policies and laws of Bangladesh. This study reviews the existing policies and regulatory affairs related to social enterprise formation and operations in Bangladesh. This study also focuses on the analysis of literature that described the national, regional and international good practices on social enterprise. This study tries to find out the past, present and future insight and findings of social enterprises policy implications in Bangladesh. This study finds the breadth and ranges of the policy approaches that the government has implemented for social enterprise development and policy priority for Bangladesh. Because at present in Bangladesh a social enterprise can establish and operate under different laws as there is no specific policy to register and operate the social enterprise in Bangladesh, so it’s confusing for the social entrepreneur to registe...

Indian education system is witnessing significant reforms with the advent of National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020). The policy framework envisions a comprehensive roadmap from school to higher education system in the 21st Century, which is more experience and discussion based, investigation-driven and student centric. NEP 2020 envisages the idea of holistic and multidisciplinary approach, flexible teaching, learning and evaluation process through multiple-entry exit, and eradication of boundaries between various academic disciplines, activities and streams to promote unity and integrity of all knowledge.

Climate change means that countries like Canada need to find suitable transition pathways to overcome fossil-fuel dependence; one such pathway is the so-called 'bio-economy'. The bio-economy is a term used to define an economic system in which biological resources (e.g., plants) form the basis of production and production processes. For example, it would involve the replacement of petroleum energy, inputs, chemicals, and products with bioenergy, biological inputs, bio-chemicals, and bio-products. A number of countries and jurisdictions have established policy strategies in order to promote and support the development of a bio-economy, exemplified by the European Union where the bio-economy represents a key pillar in its broader Horizon 2020 strategy. Other countries, like Canada, do not yet have an over-arching bio-economy strategy, but have a series of diverse, and often competing, policy visions and frameworks. It is useful to analyse countries like Canada in order to understand how these policy visions and policy frameworks are co-constituted, and what this might mean for the development of an over-arching bio-economy strategy. This raises a number of questions: How is the bio-economy imagined by different social actors? How are these imaginaries and policy frameworks co-produced?