Best Practices

A focal sample of 103 intervention outcome studies was considered to confirm the evidence base for "best practice" for intervention for challenging behaviour in persons with intellectual disability and acquired brain injury and establish the service conditions associated with its effective implementation. Evidence supports the effectiveness of behavioural interventions with challenging behaviour, particularly those based upon prior functional analysis of behaviour. However, problems in formulating practice guidelines from such literature include: the limited evidence regarding clinical effectiveness in work with persons with acquired brain injury; the uncertain durability of change subsequent to intervention; and the heavy reliance upon research personnel external to services for assessment, analysis and programme design in reported studies. Subsequently, a further 42 papers which directly addressed the issue of the capacity of direct care for the delivery of interventions were reviewed. These suggest the importance of supervision processes, attitudinal change and establishment of formal review mechanisms as adjuncts to staff training in intervention methods.

Triple Bottom Line Accounting (TBLA) refers to a method of measuring the economic, environmental, and community service impacts of an organization rather than the traditional practice of measuring just the financial bottom line. This chapter explores TBLA from a historical point-of-view; offers examples in higher education and discusses the implications for academic libraries. It concludes with ideas for the implementation ofTBLA in libraries.