Psychology and Neuroscience

The study examines relationship between job tention and employees job satisfaction among selected academic staff of Nasarawa State University, Keffi. The study adopted cross section survey design to sample seventy five (75) the participate utilizing purposive sampling technique, descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze data, while three (3) hypotheses are tested. Therefore result shows a statiscally significant positive  r(75) = 0.542, PC.05. in addition, result revealed no significant difference between male and female academic staff on job satisfaction t(73) = -2.033PC.05. lastly the study result demonstrated insignificant age differences on job satisfaction t(73)= -5.53, PC.05. Based the result findings, therefore, the study recommends proper job description and good  conducive working environment for learning and teaching has to enhance job satisfaction.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

On November 11, 2007, as the 2008 U.S. presidential election was kicking into high gear, the New York Times ran a now infamous op-ed column “This is your brain on politics” (Iacoboni et al., 2007). The author team was led by Marco Iacoboni, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California at Los Angeles. Iacoboni and his coinvestigators hoped to harness the power of brain-imaging technology, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in particular, to ascertain the political preferences of a sample of undecided voters. Like many proponents of the use of fMRI for real-world applications, they began with the assumption that brain-imaging data could help them discern preferences that prospective voters are either unable or unwilling to acknowledge. “Our results reveal some voter impressions on which this election may well turn,” the scientists proclaimed. As revealed by fMRI, voters’ brains ostensibly displayed marked ambivalence toward Hillary Clinton; while viewing her, th...

BACKGROUND:
In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.
AIM OF THE WORK:
In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.
RESULTS:
The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.
KEYWORDS:
garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells

Brain & Behavior is an attempt to reach out to students, to beckon them into the fascinating world of behavioral neuroscience.
Authors: Bob Garrett. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis
Obispo
Gerald Hough. Rowan University
Contributions by
Meghan C. Kahn. Indiana University Southeast
Joshua S. Rodefer. Valdosta State University

Special issue of "Culture Unbound". Through an introduction and six original articles, the issue investigates a variety of cultural and scientific discourses and practices that in different ways are related to neuroscience and the brain.

The special issue was edited by guest editors Peter Bengtsen and Kristofer Hansson.

This paper serves to discuss the biological, psychological, and social factors which may contribute to an individual’s propensity for violent criminal behavior. To do this, the history and definitions needed to understand Biopsychosocial theory and violence as a construct are laid out. The psychological factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include psychopathy and other aspects of personality theory. The biological factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include brain differences in structure, gray matter, and function, as well as sex, and trauma/incidents affecting the brain which may cause personality/behavioral changes. The social factors influencing violent behavior which are discussed include early childhood family relationships/interactions, early attachment injuries, misogyny, and socialization differences between men and women. The paper concludes with an analysis of the data presented and short discussion surrounding how this information can be used and implemented by potential victims and family members to prevent future crime.

"Sabay-sabay na tinatanggap ang magkakaibang pananaw ay isang susi sa pag-unawa sa katotohanan" -Walczak Pananaw

Maaaring sabihin, sa isang kahulugan, ang pananaw na iyon ay "lahat!" Ang pananaw ay magiging partikular na may kaugnayan sa ispiritwalidad na-walang tanong na may ganitong "magkakaibang pananaw!" Higit pa rito, ang pananaw ay magiging partikular na kapansin-pansin sa mga autistic na mayroong buong spectrum ng mga magkakaibang uri lahat sa loob ng kategorya ng autism.

A journalist's question to Carl Jung: Do you think that, in twenty years, anyone will care about the spirit of symbols, fully in the era of interplanetary journeys, with the Sputniks, the Gagarins, and the Shephards? Will not the spirit come to appear passé?

Dr. Jung smiles cunningly and states: “Sooner or later man will have to return to himself, even if from the stars. All this that is happening now is an extreme form of escapism, because it is easier to reach Mars than to find oneself. If man doesn’t find himself, then he faces the greatest of dangers: his own annihilation.

On February 18, 2021, five days ago, this was a highlight in international news: "The new NASA Mars rover, Perseverance, lands on the Red Planet on February 18, 2021—and we'll be following every step of the way. Adding to our rich history of working with NASA and covering their planetary exploration missions, join us online for these free events celebrating and following Perseverance's landing and work on Mars." (https://www.exploratorium.edu/)

The Historical Emergence of Materialism!



The Scientific Revolution began near the end of the Renaissance, and the genesis is sometimes connected with the publication of Copernicus' 1543 astronomy book. The Scientific Revolution later gave rise to the Age of Enlightenment. The Age of Reason was an intellectual and philosophical movement - or revolution - that dominated the world of ideas during the 1700's, which, played a significant role in giving birth to European democracy and the American Revolution. The rise of science and reason brought with it a materialist-mechanistic bias - of course. The French philosopher Rene Guenon argued that materialism began with Descartes writing about mathematics, science, and philosophy.

Carl Jung expressed the influence of materialist thinking another way: "Epistemological criticism was on the one hand an expression of the modesty of medieval man, and on the other a renunciation of, or abdication from, the spirit of God, and consequently a modern extension and reinforcement of human consciousness within the limits of reason." (CW8 - 359) The maverick scientist, Rupert Sheldrake, explains the origins of materialist science and psychology: “The rising influence of mechanistic science accelerated this process from the seventeenth century onward. God was removed from the workings of nature, now seen as inanimate, unconscious, and mechanical, functioning automatically.” (p.155) In retrospect, the power struggle between church and science which had been ongoing since the Catholic Church imprisoned Galileo for his scientific theories - and before, in truth. That undercurrent still remains strong today, in my view.

You know only science can change science - which is why I focus on methodology and facts. The arguments are straightforward.

1. There is a flaw in materialist methodology because as McGliChrist and Kay Deaux emphasize, the Materialist Methodology has a "rigid adherence to quantification and laboratory experiments which excludes everything that won't fit into a laboratory setting.- such as the group related instincts involved in genocides because you can't fit genocides won't fit into  laboratory settings - leaving authorities with no understanding of the powerful emotions involved in ideologies, patriotism, and racism.

2, The mainstay argument of the Materialist Doctrine is that spirit does not exist because it can't be measured. It is true that the artificial academic abstraction of "spirit" cannot be measured - but that is a fallacy, specifically the Definist Fallacy. You can measure the spirituality of people (versus an academic abstraction) until the end of time - and then some. Studies and experiments have been conducted on the spirituality in grieving, in depression, in recovering addicts, in adolescents, in autistics, in NF personalities, and so on. So - absolutely - the spirituality of people Can Be and Has Been measured and quantified - somewhat extensively.       

By the rules of logic, "biased" or "loaded terms" used in rational argument create a logical fallacy - as defined by the universally accepted rules of logic. In the rules of logic, it is termed the Definist Fallacy! , I had a neuroscientist on a FB Neuroscience group stated that: “please keep the religious drivel to religious channels, this is science and science by its very nature only deals with the material - what can be observed and measured. It serves no practical use of time to hypothesize whether giant cosmic parrots travelling from higher dimensions are responsible for anything because unless one flies into our view there’s no way to prove it.”

Freud, to my knowledge was one of the first to realize the problem. In one of his saner moments, Freud stated that the only correct scientific approach is a “functional” approach since “Transcendental Spirit“ or the “Supernatural” is beyond the scope of science and cannot be measured. Carl Sagan said the same thing – just in a different way. Carl Sagan stated unequivocally that “The Absence of Evidence is not Evidence of an absence.”  In top of that, Sagan stated that he has not seen evidence to show that God does not exist. The physicist Brian Josephson made the same observation though in a different context. Brian D Josephson said almost exactly the same thing Freud said long before: “With religion, focusing on the factuality or otherwise of religious belief similarly misses the point: the significant questions in this context relate to the functions and fruitfulness of religious beliefs.”  (Religion in Genes Nature, Vol 362, April 15, 1993)

Dr. Crystal Park and Dr. Raymond F. Paloutzian, in the Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, state "numerous survey studies in both the United States and Europe have demonstrated the normalcy of reports of religious experiences, including mystical experience (see Spilka, Hood, Hunsberger, & Gorsuch, 2003, pp. 307-312).


For the record I have an essay which is a critique of materialism in Maryland Universities endorsed by 4 prominent psychologists including Dr. Koenig, a medical researcher at Duke who publishes on the NIH website, as well as Dr. Paul Wong a well known psychologist and author editor of two volumes of anthologies of Man's Quest for Meaning. Plus, Dr Stefan Schindler, and a local psychology professor form a local Maryland University. That essay basically covers much of what I am saying here. On top of that Dr. Wong agreed that my Fallacy argument is valid.

Essay "Letter to a Congressman Endorsed by 4 Prominent Doctors - Dr. P. Wong, Dr. H. Koenig, Stefan Schindler, and a Local Psychology Professor" https://www.spirittruthandmeaning.com/draft-letter

Preface: "Embracing divergent perspectives at the same time is a key to understanding reality" -Walczak

Perspective is important in anything, but especially in spirituality which has such "divergent perspectives!" That would also be true of autistics which have an entire spectrum of divergent types all within the category of autism. The Physicist Frank Walczak, echoing the physicist Wolfgang Pauli's statement that "although [particle physics] allows for an acausal form of observation, it actually has no use for the concept of 'meaning'!" observed that "To do full justice to reality, we must engage it from different perspectives. That is the philosophical principle of complementarity. It is a lesson in humility that quantum theory forces to our attention Complementarity is both a feature of physical reality and a lesson in wisdom. You have to view the world in different ways to do it justice, and the different ways can each be very rich, can each be internally consistent, can each have its own language and rules. But they may be mutually incompatible-and to do full justice to reality, you have to take both of them into account."

Why is this essay important? I believe this essay is very relevant - and important – because any objective analysis would easily demonstrate that the most salient underlying cause of the attack on the capital would be the - at times - horrifically powerful emotions generated by group-related instincts in conflicts with outgroups. The problem as I explain below is that due to a serious Flaw in the Methodology of Materialist doctrine. 
 
The New Social Identity Theory is based on existing Social Identity Theory. The ingroup-outgroup syndrome is the central concept. Through extensive laboratory experiments the reality of the ingroup-outgroup syndrome and best illustrated by the minimal group paradigm which has been proved experimentally and demonstrates that even the minimal “cognitive” trigger can set the ingroup-outgroup syndrome into action which could be portrayed as having the distinct characteristic of people [subjects] showing at time exaggerated favoritism towards ingroups coupled with at times overt hostility towards out group members.

What makes the New Theory of Social Identity “new” is the fact that I add group-related instincts as the Unconscious Processes that the Ingroup-Outgroup Syndrome trigger into action. What makes this especially relevant is because this New Social Identity Theory can explain how scapegoating works and it does work as Hitler clearly demonstrated as well as many other political leaders such as Trump, Putin, and many other contemporary political leaders of several countries now show. The theory explaining scapegoating is relatively simple. What Trump does is to vilify and demonize outgroups – Mexicans, Blacks (i.e., Black NFL players who take a knee), other minorities such as Muslims (i.e., the Squad).

There are two factors one needs to keep in mind: 1. There are very powerful unconscious emotions involved in patriotism 2. The ingroup-outgroup trigger which activates them is a hair trigger.  So, when Trump vilifies outgroups that triggers the ingroup-outgroup syndrome since Trump has self-identified himself as an ingroup-patriot – and the powerful emotions do the rest. There are some underlying conditions that facilitate this as well – such as a widespread emotional perception among right wing political and Christian that the “moral fiber” of America has deteriorated that is undermining the true strength of America and Christianity.

. In perhaps the most comprehensive review of this literature, Harold Koenig, Michael McCullough, and David Larson (2001) concluded that, in the majority of studies, measures of religious and spiritual beliefs, practices, relationships, and experiences are correlated with:

Well-Being, happiness and life satisfaction
Hope and optimism
Purpose and meaning in life
Higher self esteem
Greater social support and less loneliness
Lower rates of depression Lower rates of suicide
Less anxiety
Less psychosis
Lower rates of alcohol and drug use
Less delinquency and criminal activity
Greater marital stability and satisfaction

Rebecca, who has had a few of her own rather striking spiritual-psychic experiences observes, "It [spiritual-psychic experiences] totally reshapes your reality. You walk around asking yourself why you experienced it and the loneliness that there isn’t another who can relate."

Consistent studies reveal that somewhere between 1/3 to 1/2 of people have spiritual-psychic experiences. These people have been marginalized in contemporary society - and primarily as a result of the norms created by the "professionals" in the social sciences.  And these prejudices, intolerance, and ignorance about spiritual-psychic experiences are very real and palpable judgmental norms in todays' world. The reason for this essay is to address the norm that spiritual-psychic experiences are automatically mental illness with the ordinary view that spiritual-psychic experiences are irrational and have no connection with reality,

Seven or so years ago when I got out and started to connect and speak with people who also have had spiritual-psychic experiences, what I found out, is that in the majority of people who I spoke with are relatively level-headed people, many spiritual-psychic experiences were clearly initiated by personal circumstances during that particular time in their lives.

Common circumstances in peoples’ lives that I found common influences in peoples’ spiritual-psychic experiences, besides the drive to understand and enlightenment, would be grieving, recovering addicts, depression (or difficult times), adolescence (Stanley Hall in 1882 showed that adolescents - due presumably to their hormonal distress often had spiritual-psychic experiences regularly), or even high-functioning autistic people who, as Ingela Visuri, showed have spiritual-psychic experiences quite often which appear to have been caused by distress.

Furthermore, Reductionism, the process of breaking entities down into their constituent parts is pervasive and prevalent throughout the social sciences. As Rupert Sheldrake, a modern maverick scientist, observes about materialism that "The trouble is that the sciences give us vast amounts of data, but it is devoid of personal or spiritual meaning." (p.169)

In that context, then, a people approach in understanding spirituality-and putting spiritual experiences in context of the circumstances in their lives such as grieving, depression, addiction, adolescence, troubled times, autism, and personality. This essay is a brief sketch of some of those forces.

From the articles, dedicated to stability in biological systems and to determining differences between living and non-alive (physical-chemical) systems that is ensured via neurophysiological control over living creature control over its goal-determined behavior or from Contingent Choice of Causation to the stress-release reaction as evolutionary factor to sustain the dynamic nature of life Adaptability of living systems to the surrounding conditions in their environment is ensured by particular kind of stability for these environment-adaptive stages-dynamic kinetic stability (DKS)-which is not usually observed in regular chemistry.-writes system chemists Addy Pross in his article Addy Pross How can a chemical system act purposefully? Bridging between life and non-life (ref1.4) "Despite the considerable advances in our understanding of biological processes, the physicochemical relationship between living and nonliving systems remains uncertain and a continuing source of controversy. In this review, we describe a kinetic model based on the concept of dynamic kinetic stability that attempts to incorporate living systems within a conventional physicochemical framework. Its essence: all replicating systems, both animate and inanimate, represent elements of a replicator space. However, in contrast to the world of non-replicating systems (all inanimate), where selection is fundamentally thermodynamic, selection within replicator space is effectively kinetic. As a consequence, the nature of stability within the two spaces is of a distinctly different kind, which, in turn, leads to different physicochemical patterns of aggregation. Our kinetic approach suggests: (a) that all living systems may be thought of as manifesting a kinetic state of matter (as apposed to the traditional thermodynamic states associated with inanimate systems), and (b) that key Darwinian concepts, such as fitness and natural selection, are particular expressions of more fundamental physicochemical concepts, such as kinetic stability and kinetic selection". In the article Extending the concept of kinetic stability: toward a paradigm for life (ref 1.5) he supposes that since all living systems may be thought of as manifesting a kinetic state of matter (as opposed to the traditional thermodynamic states),tat approach may allow the translation of key Darwinian concepts, such as fitness and natural selection, into other levels of adaptive evolution-or causal difference-making, in other words-from the chemical to social one. (1.5) Introduction of this new peculiarity helps explaining obviously teleometric nature of adaptive dynamics in ecology, the phenomena of emergence and Great Exterminations in evolution of biosphere on Earth.

This essay addresses the argument that the "ease of processing" in Mere Exposure Effect generates positive affect. My question regards whether the recognition of a familiar image, which would be a realization or activation of meaning, would generate the positive affect – as opposed to the “ease of processing” factor. 

Recent research into the mere exposure effect, semantic coherence, and prototype preference has focused on the positive affect generated in these processes. There has been a substantial amount of research into the mere exposure effect which has convincingly demonstrated that, after repeated exposure, people have a tendency to prefer the familiar over the novel. Eddie Harmon-Jones and John Allen conducted an experiment on the mere exposure effect, which used facial electromyography to measure the emotional expressions of the subjects' facial features......  The authors argue that the evidence of positive affect exhibited by the activity of the zygomatic major muscle as a spontaneous affective response resulting from the increased ease of processing involved in the priming process. As a result the authors advocated the Hedonic Fluency Theory

The basic assumption behind my question would be that the brain would likely have built in inherent biophysiological processes to facilitate, encourage basic meaning making and meaning seeking processes. Damasio has convincingly demonstrated that nonconscious processes are important in judgment, decision-making, and determining meaning. So, it would stand to reason that the nonconscious processes engaged in Mere Exposure Effect would be oriented and geared toward meaning seeking, and may be integral to decision-making and judgment. In the case of Mere Exposure, then, the recognition of a familiar image, which would be a realization or activation of meaning, would generate the positive affect – as opposed to the “ease of processing” factor.

Specifically, in regard to the role of ease of processing, they argue that the positive affect could be regarded “not only as informative but also rewarding” (p 991 smile) which would give the ‘brain’ the incentive to complete its task. “Second, easy processing may be pleasant because it indicates the availability of appropriate knowledge structures…” and so provide a ‘marker’ of cognitive status. It also could be argued that the brain, in promoting quick and easy processing, would ensconce a tendency to operate efficiently.”

A question which I raise that it is possible that the brain's "recognition" of the (familiar) stimuli that generates the positive affect and not necessarily the ease of processing per se. From an evolutionary view, I would argue that it makes sense that the brain is 'rewarded' for 'recognizing" stimuli

A study of biblical lament psalms can help present-day sufferers express their own pain to God, and this can result in personal, social, and biological healing. In this empirical study, Zulu "pain-bearers" first studied Psalms 3 and 13 and then wrote and performed their own laments, using the biblical laments as a model. The use of poetic form is shown to have advantages over narrative therapy approaches. The empirical compositions and performances fit with the insights gained from cognitive psychotherapy approaches as well as the therapeutic steps proposed by Judith Herman. Moreover, apart from facilitating healing of the soul and interpersonal relations, the research insights of Cozolino and others suggest that lament can stimulate the biological healing of the brain, allowing for the healthy processing of the trauma memories.

The phenomenon of spirituality,
which is the subject of this study, has
been kept away from science for a long
time and has been tried to be excluded
from all kinds of studies related to human.
However, many historical founds
show that spirituality was essential
throughout human history. Spirituality
can seen by many people and thus
fall into the area of interest of science
that makes human beings subject of
their research. In this study, the phenomenon
of spirituality is discussed
within the relationship between spiritual
neuroscience, neurotheology, and
spiritual neuropsychology. It is known
that various religious / mystical experiences
have been investigated in the
field of neuropsychology in Western
studies, but such studies are very rare
in Turkey. However, Turkey has a rich
accumulation of spiritual experiences
and offers a wide range of research to
do scientific research on Islamic mysticism.
In the study, the following questions
were asked in terms of spiritual
neuropsychology; For example, what
kind of formation does the spiritual states
experienced by Muslim mystics cause
the brain and circulatory systems?
In addition, how different or similar
are the neurological stimuli that occur
in prayer with Far Eastern meditation?
Answers to these questions have not
yet been found in Turkey. The purpose
of this work is to emphasize this gap. In
order to eliminate this gap and to provide
solution, it is important that fields
such as medicine, neuropsychology
and Sufism work together in an interdisciplinary
manner in laboratories of
Turkey. Also the possible benefits of
methods such as PET, MRI and MEG
in Western studies will be presented
to the attention of turkisch researchers.
In addition, with this work, it will be
pointed out that areas such as spiritual
counseling and guidance that provide
services to people should benefit from
neuroscientific findings.

In recent times, a complex interplay of factors has led to the social sciences grappling with neuroscience, affect/emotion and embodied experience in new ways. This paper engages with the following four questions: How does narrative therapy fit with neuroscience? How does narrative practice engage with emotion? How does narrative practice relate to the affective turn? How does narrative therapy engage with the body/somatic experience/embodied experience? Throughout this paper examples from Michael White's therapy practice and contemporary examples of collective narrative practice are discussed.

Along with a high intensity emotional distress, cancer patients often face neurocognitive changes that are particularly pronounced after chemotherapy. So far, studies have demonstrated that neurocognitive changes most often occur in domains of executive functions, attention and concentration, working memory, information processing speed and visuospatial abilities, but there is still no definite protocol for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Apart from chemotherapy, there are other factors associated with the development and manifestation of neurocognitive deficits in cancer patients: genetic, biological, psychological and socio-demographic.When assessing potential cognitive impairments, it is beneficial to combine neuropsychological test battery and self-report questionnaires for the assessment of cognitive and affective status, as well as modern neuroimaging methods that will indicate neural (structural and functional) changes underlying neurocognitive deficit. In addition to cognitive reserve and emotional status, the patient’s personal characteristics may very likely play an important role in explaining neurocognitive functioning and neurocognitive adaptation of cancer patients upon completion of treatment. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes in cancer patients, with special emphasis on the contribution of psychosocial factors. Based on the novel findings, adequate and timely cognitive rehabilitation treatment will be provided for patients suffering from malignant diseases.