Redevelopment

Abstract:  This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

Many forms of planning policies seek to facilitate the intensification of existing neighborhoods. In densely-developed urban areas intensification occurs primarily through redevelopment of existing properties to more intense uses. This paper examines the determinants of low-rise residential redevelopment in the City of Seattle over the 2003 to 2012 time period. Using a duration analysis, I find that factors that increase potential profit or decrease potential costs are positively associated with higher redevelopment risk; results parallel with expectations from redevelopment theory. Testing the impacts of market characteristics { option values and competition/priming effects { show mixed results in terms of theoretical expectations. Finally, the effects of certain factors on redevelopment risk are shown to vary over both space and time. These variations suggest that policies intent on facilitating redevelopment should both consider the localized spatial context and be adaptable to changing market trends.

As suburbanization has led to new development on the outskirts of urban areas, the industries and mills under industrial zones are found to be in non-working condition since decades. These industries have closed either because of failure, due to global competition, technological change, or simply because of outdated equipments. These large chunks of land are not being used up to its fullest potential. These unutilized, abandoned industrial lands are known as “Brown fields.”The paper will describe the disadvantages and the need of redevelopment of such properties which will not only revitalize the social fabric of areas where Brownfield are located nearby the surrounding neighborhoods but also provide much needed revenue to the city and increase business activity in the region. Hence to unfold these unused abandoned sites of the city, and reducing the urban sprawl, it is thus very important to revitalize or redevelop or convert these unused vacant lands into an alternative residential/commercial or mixed land use. These Brownfield sites reduce urban sprawl, lessen Greenfield development, create jobs, increase local revenue and rejuvenate the urban areas.

Remaining as before-modernist style, under 5 story building, narrow alley, and small shops, these districts attract people more than newly developed area in Seoul right now. Newly developed shopping malls and streets get in trouble to invite people. Through the comparison among vibrant streets and comparative case, the important element for street vitalization in structure level could be traced. Comprehensive researches on newly rising areas and a redeveloped area are carried out through this paper. The research takes holistic approach on open space and street elements. Zoom-in method from regional level to street level is used and the characters of vibrant streets are elicited through cross correlation of cases at the end of research.
As a result, the research, street structure, number of retails, building scale, and cultural contents make a difference between new rising streets and redeveloped area. The street which has more complicated and wavy street structure, the more number of retails, the lower and smaller building scale, the more abundant cultural contents, and the more interested pedestrian attraction becomes a popular street. These figures are the indicator which should be primarily considered in development projects. Public development on street level is recommended to preserve existing street structure and cultural and historical theme.

Charlestown Riverside holds huge potential to attract investment due to its location in Salford, North West England: one of Britain’s key growth areas. The aesthetic appeal of Charlestown Riverside’s waterfront and open spaces gives the area a unique edge. This report sets out by outlining findings from an in-depth Baseline Analysis previously conducted by Group 12 (see Annex A). The Baseline Analysis focusses on the physical attributes and fundamental issues present on the site. The Baseline Analysis then outlines three indicative visions for the development of the site which have the aim to meet the development needs of the Charlestown in different ways.

Abstract: This paper mainly explores the development of Moganshan District in Shanghai, China from the 1890s till now in a chronological sequence. This area is along the Suzhou Creek and has transformed from an industrial core to a mixture of a famous ‘ art village’ , abandoned industrial buildings, and vacant areas during the past 20 years. The transformation of Moganshan District was mostly through a bottom-up approach and initiated by private sectors until 2005 when the government began to implement the planning of one parcel in the district. The concentration of this paper is on the functional and spatial transformation as well as the effects of the government physical planning on this waterfront. In the end, it indicates that the development of the waterfront area is unsustainable and the government follows the market interest rather than implement the planning which ensures the public interest.

The purpose of this study is to reveal how the phenomenon of redevelopment is
affecting the historical urban layers of the city of Tirana and especially the transformation of
the city center. The National Theatre of Albania, built under Albanian monarchy, by the
Italian company Patter Milano, the project was designed by Gulio Berte, the Italian architect. is part
of this transformation, even though it faced a vibrant opposition, capable to have a repercussion
in all the city and to other social movements connected to the right to housing. The demolition
of the National Theatre opens many investigative questions, and on the future of the city,
seriously affecting the nearby neighborhoods - nowadays under gentrification process. Through
a mixed design of the urban layers, the research brings an explanatory methodology based on
field observations and interviews. Results of the study show that the process of the city center
transformation is causing social, economical, and cultural effects. During this redevelopment
process, there have been lost important urban footprints by affecting the historical inhabitants
and consequently the rights under adequate housing definition, such as tenure right and cultural
adequacy.

Delhi has a significant history and housing has been a critical aspect that has defined the city form through time. Housing of the masses is now among the foremost issues that city has been grappling. The rapid pace of evolution of this typology of housing suggests a favorable demand trend of this kind of housing. This housing texture of this housing type is synonymous with a characters of built environment like 'organic growth' ,high density, narrow lanes, small plots, high ground coverage and structures of about 3-4 floors height, mixed land use and a general deficiency of infrastructure. Often outside the ambit of the planned and perceived as chaotic, these locations are then categorized as the " informal, unregulated and unplanned " which are deficient in services and unfit for habitation. The city administration and growth regulators from time to time attempted to find formal solutions like redevelopment for such reorganizing these housing chunks. The Delhi master plan 2021 encourages redevelopment as a developmental policy and details an entire chapter on the possible clauses that could be adopted for a redevelopment exercise. Our investigations into the nature of these settlements reveal existence of evolved and established social and economic networks and an equilibrium between life styles and aspirations of the people. We through our paper wish to critically evaluate the suitability of redevelopment as a process in such a scenario. The essential question that we intend to pose is – Is redevelopment the right solution for organic Delhi? Our paper would attempt to understand redevelopment through study of Vinod Nagar (a combination of unauthorized, unauthorized regularized and an urban village) located in East Delhi. Some of the questions that we wish to explore are: • Understanding the context of Vinod Nagar (social and economic profile) and Its connection to the city. • Understanding of the policy of redevelopment in context of Delhi. • Imagining redevelopment against the context of Vinod Nagar and critical analysis of the outcome.

Redevelopment is a process created to assist the government in eliminating blight or dilapidation from a designated area to change its face, and to achieve desired development, reconstruction and rehabilitation of residential, commercial and industrial areas through this process.
Legislation for Local level Planning Regulations n Delhi iis still required to be prepared and notified so that the Local Area Plans could hold the strength of implementation if tested in the court of law.

‘Race’ is a socio-political construct whose meaning has been re-formed and defined in the context of urban development processes. At the same time, core definitions and understandings of the American city have racial connotations. These relationships are not only linguistic maneuvers: the intersecting political economies of race and cities impact each other to material effect in everyday people’s lives. This article uses an overview of post-World War II redevelopment to help frame a conversation about urban race–space intersections in US cities.

Built after the city expansion in the 1860s-70s, the former goods station district in the north of Antwerp, near the historic port, was once dominated by nations and warehouses. At the end of the 20th century, the harbour activities moved further northwards. As a consequence, building promoters got interested in the vacant warehouses because of their valuable, large plots near the centre of the city. Their safeguarding is endangered by the speed and intensity by which the urban space is being redeveloped. However, the warehouses are a key element for the revival of the neighbourhood. This paper aims to provide a scientific base to support their preservation and adaptive reuse. It analyses the planning history of the district over the past 150 years, defines the historical importance of the warehouses and assesses reconversions of warehouses and their changing integration in the urban fabric. The study aims to support qualitative redevelopment projects and therefore it is essential to revalue historic industrial buildings in the evolving city centres and to investigate how this valuable heritage can be preserved for further generations.

The city of Makkah is one of the holiest and most sacred places for the followers of Islam. Since the advent of Islam has associations with the built as well as unbuilt environs of the city, the entire urbanscape forms a part of history of not just for the muslims but the humanity. Destructions or alterations of such sites will reduce the important history of the evolution of humanity into legend.

Buildings and Remnants is an essay-project looking at post-industrial spaces through diverse conditions of buildings and materials. The project´s most immediate aim is to commission a group of readings of Guimarães and Vale do Ave in Portugal, departing from ASA factory, and amplifying it with other locations and wider concerns in Europe. It is an experimental project, playing with different findings, archives and visual formats, articulating several fields of knowledge, so to essay a multidisciplinary reflection on post-industrial spaces and buildings.
https://www.incm.pt/portal/loja_detalhe.jsp?codigo=102376

This study addresses the persistence of unsustainable redevelopment practices that tend to harm people and places where redevelopment occurs. It was guided by the naturalistic perspective and involved in-depth interviews; participant observation seeking to understand, explain, and address often acknowledged destructive tendencies of redevelopment private-public partnerships; and ethnographic and grounded theory methodologies. Research questions included: (a) is there a way to explain the incongruity between need and the spatial distribution of redevelopment projects and allocation of funds? (b) how can one differentiate sustainable from unsustainable projects? and (c) why do decision-makers approve redevelopment projects when presented evidence that proposed projects are not likely to be sustainable? Outcomes from this study include: (a) a historical overview of redevelopment and its private-public partnerships, (b) a case study illustrative of unsustainable redevelopment practices, (c) application of social identity theory and other relevant theories to explain destructive dynamics associated with redevelopment partnerships, (d) a sustainable redevelopment typology for assessing whether a proposed project may be beneficial or detrimental to a community, (e) the redevelopment cult hypothesis that explains the tenacity of unsustainable practices despite decades of reforms, and (f) recommendations to replace destructive cult-like behavior with sustainable practices.

The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital city of Banda Aceh. The utmost affected components are infrastructure and services which require further redevelopment initiatives for 'Build Back Better' (BBB) agenda. These initiatives provide an opportunity for Malaysian entrepreneurs to invest for redevelopment projects of Banda Aceh. Inspired by the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP), capitalising on potential market abroad; the aim of the research is to establish business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. In order to achieve the aim, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical needs of Acehnese from various sectors (i.e., social economics; amenities, infrastructure and facilities; Legal and Political; and Technology). A-three-month of data collection was conducted in the form of literature search and document analysis from Banda Aceh Master Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. To underpin the findings, a one-day workshop with expert panels from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency; government officials from Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA) and researchers from Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh were employed. The findings revealed four critical business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. These are water supply improvement; upgrading sanitation system; energy generation and improvement fisheries services. Collective incentives by Governments of Malaysia, Indonesia and Aceh to assist Malaysian entrepreneurs in terms of law and regulations; tax exemptions and access to financing are required to be more strategic in the transformation of political relations, community recovery, rehabilitation and redevelopment of post-disaster agenda. Abstract The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital city of Banda Aceh. The utmost affected components are infrastructure and services which require further redevelopment initiatives for 'Build Back Better' (BBB) agenda. These initiatives provide an opportunity for Malaysian entrepreneurs to invest for redevelopment projects of Banda Aceh. Inspired by the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP), capitalising on potential market abroad; the aim of the research is to establish business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. In order to achieve the aim, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical needs of Acehnese from various sectors (i.e., social economics; amenities, infrastructure and facilities; Legal and Political; and Technology). A-three-month of data collection was conducted in the form of literature search and document analysis from Banda Aceh Master Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. To underpin the findings, a one-day workshop with expert panels from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency; government officials from Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA) and researchers from Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh were employed. The findings revealed four critical business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. These are water supply improvement; upgrading sanitation system; energy generation and improvement fisheries services. Collective incentives by Governments of Malaysia, Indonesia and Aceh to assist Malaysian entrepreneurs in terms of law and regulations; tax exemptions and access to financing are required to be more strategic in the transformation of political relations, community recovery, rehabilitation and redevelopment of post-disaster agenda.

Pressures for urban redevelopment are intensifying in all large cities. A new logic for urban development is required - green urbanism - that provides a spatial framework for directing population and investment inwards to brownfields and greyfields precincts, rather than outwards to the greenfields. This represents both a major opportunity and a major challenge for city planners in pluralist liberal democracies. However, plans for more compact forms of urban redevelopment are stalling in the face of community resistance. A new paradigm and spatial planning platform is required that will support timely multi-level and multi-actor stakeholder engagement, resulting in the emergence of consensus plans for precinct-level urban regeneration capable of more rapid implementation. Using Melbourne, Australia as a case study, this paper addresses two of the urban intervention challenges - where and how - via the application of a 21st century planning tool ENVISION created for this purpose.

Over the past thirty years, China’s transition to a semi-open market economy has manifested as a process of rapid urban development. Low-income, migrant populations who arrive in the city in search of better work opportunities are being integrated into a class of new urban poor and must contend with limited housing options. As the first gateway city for global investment, Shenzhen’s urbanization is now constrained due to a shortage of developable land. Urban villages, which are recognized as rural, collectively owned land located within the urban boundary, are now becoming targeted for government supported urban renewal. Because the urban villages’ land lies outside the regulatory reach of the municipal government, these areas tend to develop in an informal manner and attract low-income migrant tenants. However, urban village tenants are being excluded from the renewal process, and they subsequently receive limited support in the form of social services from the city.
The aim of this research is to examine these widely debated concerns within the case of the ongoing Caiwuwei urban village renewal project in Shenzhen. Through thisresearch, I reconsider the functionality of power relations within China’s rapid economic growth, particularly between urban development decision makers and the marginalized migrant tenant groups. These groups of migrant workers who rent housing in urban villages have a stake in the urban renewal process because they are participate in the urban village social network which supporting the need of cheaper supply from surrounding area. By applying theories of public participation to the process of giving avenue to speak up what they need, which is empowering from the urban village tenant groups, I identify challenges and possibilities for the inclusion of public voices in future government processes in China. This paper intends to understand, evaluate, and develop a platform for collaboration among all stakeholders in the urban village renewal process, including the government, developers, designers, township and village enterprises, urban village tenants, and the general public.
In this study, I find that the empowerment of urban village tenant groups may lead to the reformation of legislation pertaining to the issues of household registration and land use rights. The rural migrant should be legally registered under the social benefit structure in the city, and the tenants could have the right for their leasing during the renewal case. By means of a collaborative planning process, characterized by open, transparent and more equally distribute power relation, the array of stakeholders could develop a more inclusive and practical model for the transformation of the urban village community. I suggest that the project finance model of a public-private partnership could be structured around this collaborative process of renewal, in order to develop a platform for ongoing public participation, particularly in the provision of social services and institutions within the urban village community. Such an arrangement for urban redevelopment will facilitate the balancing of influence among disparate income groups.

The scale and tempo of our contemporary economy along with the shift towards the consumerism triggered the emergence of new types of the spaces. Industrial spaces within the city are no longer used for production. On the contrary, today most industrial spaces are re-developed into the art galleries, offices and public spaces. The subject of industrial space redevelopment is widely covered by the researches. But the issue which this paper addresses is whether a former industrial space is read by users as a public space, after its function has been changed to a public facility. Within this paper both the issues of space design and space use are addressed. In order to tackle the issue a mixed method research is used.
Literature review forms a foundation, built on theories and research by experts, on which all the other research methods are based. This research has revealed that space is experienced in three parts; place identity, social identity and identity process. The methods of mapping and observation are to determine what the physical environment qualities of Vershal het Veem are, and how they might be experienced by users in order to determine the place identity. Survey and interview take a deeper look into the relationship between the physical qualities of the space and how this is perceived on an individual’s  level. This will give insight into the social identity in correlation with the experience of place identity. The methodologies have found that place identity and social identity might differ from each other. Thus creating a contradiction within the design of the redeveloped space. Where the identity process is acting as a mediator to help people adapt their social identity with the change of the place identity according to the newly redeveloped place.
Written by:  M.J.W. van den Elsen (0659315), Y. Hong (0928296), J.C. Scherptong (0831770),
E. Shulgina (0887359), K.K. Yuen (0833757),
Keywords:  Industrial space, redevelopment, public space, place identity

Currently, large nationwide and multinational corporations are closing their doors for business, leaving communities from coast to coast with vacant stores that represent a tremendous amount of square footage that is extremely difficult to fill with a single vendor.  This trend includes such stalwarts of the US economy as Macy’s, Wal-Mart, JC Penney, Target, Sports Authority, Barnes and Noble, Sears, Borders, K-Mart, and Kohl’s, large stores once thought to be cornerstones of economic activity as they attracted consumers from a large geographic area.  Cities need a strategy to reverse the trend of vacant storefronts as these empty parcels are a drag on the health of the local economy.

We recommend that cities pass a Parcel Savings Account (PSA), which is intended to be a stabilizing measure for entering, existing, and exiting businesses, and includes an incentive for all parties to expedite the redevelopment process.  The best way for a jurisdiction to respond to the economic instability levied by vacant storefronts is through the creation of a new tool like a PSA. The PSA is an interest bearing account that is supplied by monthly, quarterly, or yearly payments by the business on a parcel based on their generated revenue.  The money in the PSA does NOT go into the general fund or any other general use purpose; the PSA dollars stay with the property.  In the end, each parcel will have a savings account fund attached to it that the business on that land can tap into to open or maintain their shop.

Typefaces are an essential resource employed by graphic designers. The increasing demand for innovative type design work increases the need for good technological means to assist the designer in the creation of a typeface. We present an evolutionary computation approach for the generation of type stencils to draw coherent glyphs for different characters. The proposed system employs a Genetic Algorithm to evolve populations of type stencils. The evaluation of each candidate stencil uses a hill climbing algorithm to search the best configurations to draw the target glyphs. We study the interplay between legibility, coherence and expressiveness, and show how our framework can be used in practice.

Transformation of postindustrial areas and adaptation to the new users needs are in these days equally desirable as diffcult. The process depends on a large group of factors, internal and external, that may be a barrier or an incentive. The purpose of this article is to identify problems and barriers to the process of transformation of the functional areas belonging to the former Plant Cotton Industry “Frotex” in Prudnik. The study also assessed the spatial policy carried out by the local authority to redevelopment.

This paper scrutinises the effects that the financialisation of land has on the land use planning process. Although finance is increasingly penetrating not only real estate but also land planning and development, there are few in-depth case studies describing and analysing this process. Contemporary urban development is characterised by the clustering of investments, the relocation of projects into peripheral areas, and an instrumental approach to planning. These trends are expressions of a change in the development process, characterised by the increased detachment between land use planning processes at the local level and financial investor logics located at other scales. We call this the decontextualisation of land capital. An in-depth analysis of the internal economic mechanics of an urban project in the Milan area is provided to illustrate these trends. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges that the conditions of financialised land capital pose to local and national governments. Keywords: financialization, urban redevelopment, real estate, land use planning, brownfield

In the 15 chapters of this book, a diverse group of writers explores the unique structure of the chawl, all the while considering a complicated and interwoven set of themes and questions. While many of these questions remain unanswered, we struggle with them because, at their heart, they are the questions of Mumbai itself. With vacant land being non-existent, the demolition of the chawls is going to redefine the skyline of south and central Mumbai. The chawls make up around 16,000 structures, located in the heart of Mumbai. Yet, for many of us these structures are unfamiliar, as this city of extremes is often understood through only its slums and its mansions. In this book we have tried to trace the past, present and future of the city, as told through and within the chawl. These conversations are meandering and circular, at times overlapping and repetitive. Like a walk through the chawl neighbourhoods themselves, each chapter leaves the impression, Haven t I walked down this lane before? This is both intentional and unavoidable. How is the chawl defined? What makes it unique among the various building typologies located throughout the city? How have cultural formations emerged through the constraints imposed by such limited living space? These are not easy questions to answer, but this multi-genre book, with the help of an assemblage of visuals - from floor plans, photographs and drawings to screenplay and cinematic representations - attempts to consider the ways in which the chawl emerges as a distinct symbol of the city of Mumbai, holding not only the history of the city s transformation but also its unique social identity.

offer a range of scholarship examining the way socioeconomic and political change and urban policy interventions influence the nature and functioning of cities with large Latino populations. They argue that the volume blends traditional critical urbanism perspectives with varied theoretical perspectives on political and policy interventions. The volume has three themes: (1) the limits of popular community development models in neighborhood and commercial spaces, (2) urban living experiences and the role of market-driven and racialized public policy, and (3) community organizations and change. Scholars with varied disciplinary backgrounds provide a mix of contemporary and historical case studies and essays. One group of readings examines the extent to which popular urban design principles are culturally and class appropriate and novel to Latino urban areas. Diaz argues that " barrio urbanism " (Diaz, 2005), a term he coined to refer to common lifeways in Mexican immigrant and Chicana/o barrios in the Southwest, requires acknowledgment in the mainstream planning literature. Barrio urbanism has been shown to involve normative planning and urban health ideals such as walking, socializing, using public transportation , and other environmental sustainable practices.

Abstract
Unsteady, hastily and inharmonic development of urban framework is one of the main factors in emerging urban issues especially social class status, bioenvironmental, framework decrease. In many years, most of development cases are not planed based on a system due to a wrong picture of development concept and method.
At last, it is done by the simplest method in the original lands which are around the cities, it has followed some irrecoverable issues, for example, we did not care about the abandoned and unused areas in the cities, and the cities observe the horizontal and disjoined growth and it resulted in their instability. To solve these problems and reduce the incoming pressure on the cities peripheral lands and environment, a modern approach is introduced for internal development as the most stable development pattern for cities. Internal development is a policy which aims to achieve a balanced, harmonic and stable development in order to identify, plan for the optimum usage of existing development capabilities within the urban areas.
We should mention that the optimum usage doesn’t mean the framework development of existing opportunities, but the approach follows social, cultural, bioenvironmental and economic aims. The internal development emphasizes on the effective exploitation of vacant and abandoned lands within cities in compared to the other policies of urban development, it targeted a wide variety of vacant and unused parts within the cities and with different scales. Among these, military plants and lands can be an opportunity for cities revival with a wide range in the cities as one of the most important internal development capabilities. The revival of these areas has been resulted in many urban economic and social investments returns due to their urban infrastructure, so it enjoys a significant importance in the internal development policy. The current study aims to achieve comprehensive framework. To achieve this goal, first we review the internal development literature and present theories and policy background in Iran and other parts in the world, also we reread the concept of military lands development and its approaches, its importance is specified in the urban development, then in the second step with documentation of two internal and external experience and investigation of implemented plans weaknesses and strengths, the field of theoretical knowledge upgrade provides in the arena of internal development with reliance on the knowledge to have more effective policies. The Study method is an analytic interpretive based on studies and evaluation of case study, it is tried to deal with investigation of that subject by internet and library documents help. The obtained results of study showed that the redevelopment of military lands which are within the cities is one of the most important opportunities of internal development. These lands where in the past time were formed around the cities, by passing the time they have been located in the cities with urban framework growth, they assigned wide areas to themselves, finally they can offer some unique opportunities for the cities stable development. Military lands redevelopment, in addition to the district quality in the project field , and affecting on the peripheral  context can be as a drive in the urban recreation plans. So planning should be done foe redevelopment of these areas by evaluating the capability related to the needs, services-functional shortages of peripheral context and these areas dominance. Also the results show that redevelopment of these fields requires the management systematic with internal development policy growing. A structure which performs well with coordination and consistent with other components. Otherwise, the present structure is fading and meeting the goals is not possible. Many of these projects are important due to management barriers which have not been solved and custodian support of these lands to transfer their ownership in an imperfect way  and the final goal has not been met. In other words, existing treasure protection, which is countries contemporary heritage, is considered important. Finally, based on the results emphasized that there is a significant relation between presence and government involvement, mayoralty, local organizations and private sector with military lands successful revival, it shows that the redevelopment of ineffective lands, in addition to economic benefits, influence on increasing life quality , social benefits and environmental benefits. Six main components include: harmonic management, citizenship involvement, effort for social liveliness effect on peripheral environment, bottom up planning, realization principle.

Keywords
Redevelopment, Brownfield, Military Lands, Urban Regeneration.

Salama, A. M. (1997). An Action Plan for the Redevelopment of the Historic Core of the City of Quseir. US-AID, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC. United States.

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Quseir is a small city on the east African Red Sea coast, which in addition to being surrounded by rich coral reserves, boasts a valuable historical heritage that offers a significant potential as a tourist attraction. The aim of the action plan was to integrate and coordinate the life long sustainable utilization and historic preservation of the city. Historical buildings within the historic core were identified and surveyed to determine their physical condition. Infra structure and public services were also assessed. A questionnaire was designed for participatory feedback from local residents to assess their attitudes and wishes pertaining to the development of the city. Socio-economic study for the beautification of Al-Quseir was also conducted. A strategy for a comprehensive action plan has been developed in response to the constraints and requirements discovered through the assessment process.