Este trabajo analiza la historia y desarrollo de la Ciencia Política en la Argentina a partir del estudio de sus principales actores, la producción académica básica, la creación de instituciones y la construcción de asociaciones y redes.... more
Este trabajo analiza la historia y desarrollo de la Ciencia Política en la Argentina a partir del estudio de sus principales actores, la producción académica básica, la creación de instituciones y la construcción de asociaciones y redes. Estos aspectos son estudiados en relación a las problemáticas políticas y sociales por las que ha atravesado el país, determinando diferentes agendas temáticas a lo largo del tiempo, lo que fue constituyendo "modelos" de Ciencia Política. Se hace hincapié en el período que comienza de la década de los ochenta junto al proceso democratizador donde se registra un crecimiento sostenido y diversificación del campo disciplinar.
How does science evolve? This study confronts this problem here by showing different models of scientific development from sociology, philosophy and history of science. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of science and scientific... more
How does science evolve? This study confronts this problem here by showing different models of scientific development from sociology, philosophy and history of science. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of science and scientific research. Secondly, the study proposes different theories that can explain how science and its scientific disciplines develop over the course of time. Thirdly, some relevant laws about the production and evolution of science and scientific fields are presented. Overall, then, this study clarifies, as far as possible, some approaches and characteristics of the evolutionary dynamics of science that can lay a foundation for the development of comprehensive properties to explain the advancement of science and technology in society.
The purpose of this study here is to explain the dynamics and characteristics of research fields in the presence of crisis. This paper focuses on effects of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in science... more
The purpose of this study here is to explain the dynamics and characteristics of research fields in the presence of crisis. This paper focuses on effects of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in science dynamics. Results suggest that crisis-driven research field is characterized by an unparalleled velocity of scientific production that supports scientific and technological advances, open access and document type with short notes and papers. Understanding the dynamics of science and its consequences during the crisis is of critical importance for planning and allocating resources toward positive societal impact.
[English below] Este capítulo mostra como as políticas de avaliação utilizadas pelos principais órgãos de fomento à pesquisa científica no Brasil influenciaram e orientaram mudanças no comportamento da comunidade acadêmica. Apresenta-se... more
[English below] Este capítulo mostra como as políticas de avaliação utilizadas pelos principais órgãos de fomento à pesquisa científica no Brasil influenciaram e orientaram mudanças no comportamento da comunidade acadêmica. Apresenta-se uma visão histórica da construção da ciência brasileira e das políticas e práticas de avaliação implementados, mostrando seu impacto sobre: (i) o aprimoramento do próprio sistema científico; (ii) o seu crescimento; (iii) a melhoria das revistas científicas do país; (iv) a internacionalização da produção científica; (v) os hábitos de publicação dos pesquisadores, tanto com respeito ao tipo de comunicação como quanto à seleção do veículo. This chapter shows how the evaluation policies used by the main scientific research funding agencies in Brazil influenced and guided changes in the behavior of the academic community. A historical overview of the construction of the Brazilian scientific system and of the implemented practices and evaluation policies are both presented, showing its impact on: (i) the improvement of the scientific system itself; (ii) its growth; (iii) the improvement the country's scientific journals; (iv) the internationalization of scientific production; and (v) the publication habits of researchers, both regarding the type of communication and vehicle selection
Abstract. This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties... more
Abstract. This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties of the scientific development to understand structure, dynamics and drivers of the scientific and technological evolution in society. Keywords. Scientific development, Evolution of science, Scientific research, Structure of science, Research fields, Economics of science, Political economy of science, Technological change, Research labs. JEL. A19, C00, I23, L30.
Abstract. The purpose of this study here is to explain the dynamics and characteristics of research fields in the presence of crisis. This paper focuses on effects of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in... more
Abstract. The purpose of this study here is to explain the dynamics and characteristics of research fields in the presence of crisis. This paper focuses on effects of global pandemic crisis of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in science dynamics. Results suggest that crisis-driven research field is characterized by an unparalleled velocity of scientific production that supports scientific and technological advances, open access and document type with short notes and papers. Understanding the dynamics of science and its consequences during the crisis is of critical importance for planning and allocating resources toward positive societal impact. Keywords. Dynamics of science, Research field, COVID-19, Pandemic crisis, Environmental threats, Crisis management, Scientific advances, Technological change. JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23 .
This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties of the... more
This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties of the scientific development to understand structure, dynamics and drivers of the scientific and technological evolution in society.
This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties of the... more
This study presents different theories of the evolution of science to explain how science and its scientific fields evolve over the course of time. In particular, this study clarifies, as far as possible, models and properties of the scientific development to understand structure, dynamics and drivers of the scientific and technological evolution in society.
La implicación del profesorado de primaria y de secundaria como investigadores de su práctica docente, considerada objeto de discusión a lo largo de varias décadas, constituye una práctica cada vez más importante en el mundo actual. Los... more
La implicación del profesorado de primaria y de secundaria como investigadores de su práctica docente, considerada objeto de discusión a lo largo de varias décadas, constituye una práctica cada vez más importante en el mundo actual. Los resultados de la investigación sobre el conocimiento y el desarrollo profesional del profesorado apuntan a la importancia de la construcción de nuevos conocimientos, en respuesta a los diferentes desafíos y necesidades impuestos por la complejidad de los contextos educativos. Existe un amplio consenso por parte de los que defienden la implicación del profesorado como investigadores como una estrategia de toma de decisiones basada en la evidencia, la evaluación e innovación de las prácticas. Sin embargo, parece que existe menos consenso en relación con el concepto del papel de docente-investigador/a, así como en los contextos y formas de participación del profesorado como investigador. En este artículo, tenemos como objetivo reflexionar sobre el papel y las perspectivas actuales del profesorado-investigador en cuanto reconstructor de la profesionalidad docente, teniendo como base un marco conceptual formado por lo que designamos los pilares de la arquitectura educativa en el mundo actual. Esta reflexión nos permite concluir que la adopción por parte del profesorado de una actitud investigadora sobre la práctica, debe ser fundamentalmente un proceso sistemático de reflexión y crítica sobre la eficacia de su trabajo, no teniendo necesariamente que obedecer a la rigidez de los criterios tradicionales de la investigación académica.
There are many contradictions in Nigeria concerning development. This is where people seek for technological development without human development and also seeks technological advancement without commensurate attention to what happens in... more
There are many contradictions in Nigeria concerning development. This is where people seek for technological development without human development and also seeks technological advancement without commensurate attention to what happens in pre tertiary school science classrooms and laboratories. Obviously, these result in exercises in futility. In this paper pre tertiary means any science education from nursery to secondary schools. Thus it includes pre basic, basic and senior secondary schools. We may not have biology, chemistry and physics in basic and pre basic levels as we do have in senior secondary school but science is offered at these levels and we must examine what happens at that level if there must be scientific developments.
How do scientific disciplines evolve? This is one of the fundamental problems of the dynamics of science. This study confronts this problem here by investigating the evolution of experimental physics, which plays a vital role for the... more
How do scientific disciplines evolve? This is one of the fundamental problems of the dynamics of science. This study confronts this problem here by investigating the evolution of experimental physics, which plays a vital role for the progress of science in society. In particular, the main aim of this article is to analyze the structure and endogenous processes of experimental physics to explain and generalize, whenever possible, the properties of the evolution of applied sciences in the phase of continuous expansion of the universe of science. Empirical analysis here suggests the following properties of the dynamics of science: (a) scientific fission, the evolution of scientific disciplines generates a process of division into two or more research fields that evolve as autonomous entities, creating new disciplines of scientific specialization; (b) ambidextrous drivers of science, the evolution of scientific disciplines by scientific fission is due to scientific discoveries or new technologies; (c) higher growth rates of the scientific production are in new research fields of a scientific discipline rather than old ones; (d) average duration of the growth phase of scientific production in research fields is about 80 years, almost the period of one generation of scholars. Overall, then, this study explains, whenever possible, the relationships that support scientific change of disciplines to develop comprehensive properties of the evolution of science directed to economic, technological and social progress.
The present data book is another one in the series of publications, dedicated to different aspects of scientific development in the Russian Federation. It begins with tables, where together with the main science and technology indicators... more
The present data book is another one in the series of publications, dedicated to different aspects of scientific development in the Russian Federation. It begins with tables, where together with the main science and technology indicators there are data concerning the main innovative activities. The publication presents statistics on R&D organisations, R&D personnel and funding as well as its material and technical facilities. In some sections you may find information about intellectual property, technology commercialisation and usage, international comparisons data. The data book includes the information of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Servicefor Intellectual Property, the CIS Interstate Statistical Committee, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Commission, Eurostat, UNESCO, the World Intellectual Property Organisation, as well as results of methodological and analytical studies conducted by HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge. In some cases the data amends the information published before.
چکیده در این مقاله، پس از ذکر ویژگیهای دوران ششگانه پیشرفت علمی، بررسیهای انجام شده در خصوص علل بهوجود آمدن این تحوّلات تجزیه و تحلیل میشود. اندیشمندان، وجود بستر دینی ادیان ابراهیمی را عامل بسیار مؤثری در پیدایش این رشد علمی... more
چکیده در این مقاله، پس از ذکر ویژگیهای دوران ششگانه پیشرفت علمی، بررسیهای انجام شده در خصوص علل بهوجود آمدن این تحوّلات تجزیه و تحلیل میشود. اندیشمندان، وجود بستر دینی ادیان ابراهیمی را عامل بسیار مؤثری در پیدایش این رشد علمی میدانند. این مقاله در پی بررسی نحوه و شواهد دالّ بر این تأثیر است. این مقااله در مجله پژوهشهاي فلسفي كلامي، فصلنامه علمی- ترویجی دانشگاه قم، شماره 18-17، سال پنجم شماره اول و دوم، پاییز و زمستان 1382، صص 74-65 منتشر شده است
The demand for the quality power is increasing nowadays due to various nonlinear loads. Voltage compensation is the main consideration in the power system because uncompensated system will lead to the system fault and the equipment... more
The demand for the quality power is increasing nowadays due to various nonlinear loads. Voltage compensation is the main consideration in the power system because uncompensated system will lead to the system fault and the equipment connected to the power system may damage, hence it is very much necessary to keep the transmission line compensated. The compensation also makes the system stable. The multilevel inverters provide the better compensation than the normal inverter in the compensation unit. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is the compensation unit used to compensate the power system. DSTATCOM is the distribution static synchronous compensator placed in the distribution side. This project presents an investigation of nine-Level Cascaded H bridge (CHB) Inverter as Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) in Power System for compensation of reactive power and harmonics. The compensations of CHB inverter are low harmonic distortion, reduced number of switches and suppr...
La implicación del profesorado de primaria y de secundaria[1]1 como investigadores de su práctica docente, considerada objeto de discusión a lo largo de varias décadas, constituye una práctica cada vez más importante en el mundo actual.... more
La implicación del profesorado de primaria y de secundaria[1]1 como investigadores de su práctica docente, considerada objeto de discusión a lo largo de varias décadas, constituye una práctica cada vez más importante en el mundo actual. Los resultados de la investigación sobre el conocimiento y el desarrollo profesional del profesorado apuntan a la importancia de la construcción de nuevos conocimientos, en respuesta a los diferentes desafíos y necesidades impuestos por la complejidad de los contextos educativos. Existe un amplio consenso por parte de los que defienden la implicación del profesorado como investigadores como una estrategia de toma de decisiones basada en la evidencia, la evaluación e innovación de las prácticas. Sin embargo, parece que existe menos consenso en relación con el concepto del papel de docente-investigador/a, así como en los contextos y formas de participación del profesorado como investigador. En este artículo, tenemos como objetivo reflexionar sobre el p...
Desde la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ciencia y tecnología han comenzado a ocupar un lugar preponderante en la agenda de políticas públicas de los Estados, y a ser consideradas como elementos claves de poder, especialmente... more
Desde la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ciencia y tecnología han comenzado a ocupar un lugar preponderante en la agenda de políticas públicas de los Estados, y a ser consideradas como elementos claves de poder, especialmente la tecnología nuclear. Sin embargo, esta tecnología de usos duales no fue solo fuente de conflicto, sino que fue utilizada muchas veces como elemento de proyección de poder regional y global a través de la diplomacia atómica, práctica perteneciente al fenómeno más amplio conocido como Tecnodiplomacia. El presente artículo propone analizar el rol que la tecnología nuclear jugó en la transformación de relaciones conflictivas entre Argentina y Brasil en vínculos cooperativos estratégicos, durante el siglo XX. Since the end of World War II, science and technology have begun to have a prominent place in State policies agendas, and to be considered key power elements, especially nuclear technology. Nonetheless, this dual use technology was not perceived only as a source of conflict but also as a key component of global and regional projection through atomic diplomacy, a practice belonging to a wider phenomenon known as technodiplomacy. This article seeks to analyze the role played by nuclear technology in the transformation of conflictive relations between Argentina and Brazil into strategic cooperative links during the twentieth century.
How does science evolve? This study confronts this problem here by showing different models of scientific development from sociology, philosophy and history of science. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of science and scientific... more
How does science evolve? This study confronts this problem here by showing different models of scientific development from sociology, philosophy and history of science. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of science and scientific research. Secondly, the study proposes different theories that can explain how science and its scientific disciplines develop over the course of time. Thirdly, some relevant laws about the production and evolution of science and scientific fields are presented. Overall, then, this study clarifies, as far as possible, some approaches and characteristics of the evolutionary dynamics of science that can lay a foundation for the development of comprehensive properties to explain the advancement of science and technology in society.
A brief historical taxonomic sketch as well as distribution of Sapindaceae in West Africa, Cameroon and Madagascar is presented based on extensive study of herbaria and field collections. The infrafamilial taxonomy of the family... more
A brief historical taxonomic sketch as well as distribution of Sapindaceae in West Africa, Cameroon and Madagascar is presented based on extensive study of herbaria and field collections. The infrafamilial taxonomy of the family Sapindaceae was re-examined using both qualitative and quantitative morphological characters. A total of 17 vegetative and 24 reproductive characters were used in the description of the family. 2 subfamilies were recognised; a strongly predominant subfamily – Sapindoideae – with 8 tribes and subfamily – Dodonaeoideae – comprising 3 tribes. A total of 28 genera and 118 species were recorded in the study area. The most diverse genera are Allophylus with 20 species followed by Placodiscus with 17 species and Chytranthus with 14 species. Members of the family are characterised by compound leaves (paripinnate, imparipinnate or trifoliate); flowers are in spirits, fruits occur as berry, drupe or capsule and contain seed with white or orange aril. A descriptive key...
The evolution of innovation system literature is scrutinized to delineate the conceptual trends over the past 30 years. We applied the Sigma index which is supposed to include not only the frontier contributions in the field but also the... more
The evolution of innovation system literature is scrutinized to delineate the conceptual trends over the past 30 years. We applied the Sigma index which is supposed to include not only the frontier contributions in the field but also the intellectual bases conveying transformative concepts. Our examination shows that after the establishment of the National Innovation System (NIS) as a principal framework, Regional IS literature emerged as a main branch during the period of 2002-2007, while Technological IS developed as the second main branch from 2007 to 2012. Surprisingly, Sectoral IS has not yet generated a separate constellation, whereas the period after 2012 mainly witnessed the emergence of Triple Helix and Agricultural IS as two new branches. The core of the literature has become classified into persistent intellectual bases (e.g.
