Semantic Integration

Six lexical decision experiments were conducted to examine the influence of complex structure on the processing speed of English compounds. All experiments revealed that semantically transparent compounds (eg, rosebud) were processed more quickly than matched monomorphemic words (eg, giraffe). Opaque compounds (eg, hogwash) were also processed more quickly than monomorphemic words. However, when the experimental materials and/or procedure encouraged decomposition/integration, this advantage ...

When computer security violations are detected, com-puter forensic analysts attempting to determine the relevant causes and effects are forced to perform the tedious tasks of finding and preserving useful clues in large networks of op-erational machines. To augment a computer crime ...

Аbstract The main objective of digital transformation is to fulfi ll the needs of a "new digital generation customer" for on-demand delivery, quality and personalization. "Anything as a service" has become the key principle of the digital paradigm. This is about a data-oriented service which relies on sharing information resources (including public ones) and the requirements for interoperability, security and trust. This paper presents the main approaches to digital transformation based on the example of the most innovatively active sectors such as banking and healthcare. We compare the proprietary development of digital services (products) to the building of a digital sector ecosystem aimed at attracting an unlimited number of participants. We defi ned the purpose of creating an ecosystem that is to provide the population with digital services formed on demand, in real time, in compliance with legislation and regulations, as well as in the context of maximum trust. We emphasize the role of openness for uniting the eff orts of the community interested in the development of a digital industry, extension of public-private partnerships and building a competitive environment in order to ensure the rapid growth of available digital services, as well as to improve their quality. Since the knowledge MODELING OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The proliferation of heterogeneous data sources of semantic knowledge base intensifies the need of anautomatic instance matching technique. However, the efficiency of instance matching is often influenced bythe weight of a property associated to instances. Automatic weight generation is a non-trivial, however animportant task in instance matching technique. Therefore,identifying an appropriate metric for generatingweight for a property automatically is nevertheless a formidable task. In this paper, we investigate anapproach of generating weights automatically by considering hypotheses: (1) the weight of a property isdirectly proportional to the ratio of the number of its distinct values to the number of instances contain the property, and (2) the weight is also proportional to the ratio of the number of distinct values of a propertyto the number of instances in a training dataset. The basic intuition behind the use of our approach is theclassical theory of information content that infrequent words are more informative than frequent ones. Our mathematical model derives a metric for generating property weights automatically, which is applied ininstance matching system to produce re-conciliated instances efficiently. Our experiments and evaluationsshow the effectiveness of our proposed metric of automatic weight generation for properties in an instancematching technique

Enabling applications that exploit heterogeneous data in the Semantic Web will require us to harness a broad variety of semantics. Considering the role of semantics in a number of research areas in computer science, we organize semantics in three forms: implicit, formal and powerful, and explore their roles in enabling some of the key capabilities related to the Semantic Web. The central message of this paper is that building the Semantic Web purely on description logics will artificially limit it potential, and that we will need to both exploit well known techniques that support implicit semantics, and develop more powerful semantic techniques.

Consistent query answering is an inconsistency tolerant approach to obtaining semantically correct answers from a database that may be inconsistent with respect to its integrity constraints. In this work we formalize the notion of consistent query answer for spatial databases and spatial semantic integrity constraints. In order to do this, we first characterize conflicting spatial data, and next, we define admissible instances that restore consistency while staying close to the original instance. In this way we obtain a repair semantics, which is used as an instrumental concept to define and possibly derive consistent query answers. We then concentrate on a class of spatial denial constraints and spatial queries for which there exists an efficient strategy to compute consistent query answers. This study applies inconsistency tolerance in spatial databases, rising research issues that shift the goal from the consistency of a spatial database to the consistency of query answering.

In the processes and optimization of information integration, such as query processing, query planning and hierarchical structuring of results to the user, we argue that user quality priorities, data inconsistencies and data quality differences among the participating sources have not been fully addressed. We propose the development of a Data Quality Manager (DQM) to establish communication between the process of

Samples of spontaneous speech were analyzed according to their distributions of phonations and silences. Some of these exhibited cyclic, or “rhythmic,” patterns, in the sense defined by Goldman-Eisler. Transcripts of three such samples were subjected to a segmentation procedure carried out by independent judges utilizing a common semantic intuition. Points in the transcripts where agreement was high among the judges were found to correspond with the beginnings of temporal cycles, and agreed semantic segments coincided with sentence or clause boundaries and usually consisted of several clauses and more than one sentence. It is argued that a theory of speech generation must contain provision for semantic integration at the suprasentential level.

The development of e-Science presents a major set of opportunities and challenges for the future progress of biological and life scientific research. Major new tools are required and corresponding demands are placed on the high-throughput data generated and used in these processes. Nowhere is the demand greater than in the semantic integration of these data. Semantic Web tools and technologies afford the chance to achieve this semantic integration. Since pathway knowledge is central to much of the scientific research today it is a good test-bed for semantic integration. Within the context of biological pathways, the BioPAX initiative, part of a broader movement towards the standardization and integration of life science databases, forms a necessary prerequisite for its successful application of e-Science in health care and life science research. This paper examines whether BioPAX, an effort to overcome the barrier of disparate and heterogeneous pathway data sources, addresses the needs of e-Science. We demonstrate how BioPAX pathway data can be used to ask and answer some useful biological questions. We find that BioPAX comes close to meeting a broad range of e-Science needs, but certain semantic weaknesses mean that these goals are missed. We make a series of recommendations for re-modeling some aspects of BioPAX to better meet these needs. Once these semantic weaknesses are addressed, it will be possible to integrate pathway information in a manner that would be useful in e-Science.

Abstract. Increasing product complexity, growing competition, emerging globalization, and stronger customer focus force the majority of enterprises to network their own geographically dispersed sites and to extensively cooperate with customers or suppliers, introducing the need to ...

A seamless support of information flow for increasingly distributed healthcare processes requires to integrate heterogeneous IT systems into a comprehensive distributed information system. Different standards contribute to ease this integration. In a research project focussing on the development of a reference architecture for inter-institutional health information systems, we identified and categorised concurring integration standards by distinguishing between technical and semantic integration on the one hand, and data and functional integration on the other hand. In addition, standards for semantic integration are roughly categorised according to their scope. By placing standards into a corresponding matrix a "semantic gap" is revealed, which cannot be covered by standards as it contains volatile medical concepts. As a conclusion, it is recommended to conceptually consider the necessity of system evolution in systems architectures and also in future integration standards.

Over recent years, there has been a worldwide growing need for interoperability among the systems that manage and reuse public sector information. This paper explores the documentation needs for public sector information and focuses on metadata interoperability issues. The research work studies a variety of public sector information metadata standards and guidelines internationally accepted and presents two methodologies to obtain interoperability. The first develops an application profile, while the second is based on the semantic integration approach and results in the creation of an ontology. The outcomes of the two approaches are compared under the prism of their scope and usage in terms of interoperability during the metadata integration process.

This paper overviews and compares the DERI and DEI-Cefriel approaches to the SWS-Challenge workshop mediation scenario in terms of the utilized underlying technologies and delivered solutions. In the mediation scenario one partner uses RosettaNet to define its B2B protocol while the other one operates on a proprietary solution. Goal of the workshop participants was to show how could these partners be semantically integrated.