Socio Onomastics

Статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей включения городских топонимов в личную сферу говорящего. Материалом для исследования послужили тексты сборника «Москва: место встречи». Цель статьи - выявить способы включения городских онимов в личную сферу говорящего.
The article considers specific of including city toponym in the personal sphere of speaker. The material for the research was the texts of the collection "Moscow: a meeting place". The purpose of the article is to identify ways of including urban onyms in the personal sphere of speaker.

Chrematonimy w funkcji kulturowo-użytkowej. Onomastyczne studium porównawcze na materiale polskim, włoskim, francuskim, Wydawnictwo, Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, 2008 (wyd. I), 2011 (wyd. II). ISBN 978-83-7525-233-0

Książka przedstawia szerokie spojrzenie na świat nazw własnych we współczesnym życiu publicznym z punktu widzenia nowej subdyscypliny nauk onomastycznych, chrematonomastyki. Autor rozpatruje trzy klasy chrematonimii użytkowej (ChU): chrematonimię marketingową (ChM – nazwy firm i produktów), chrematonimię społecznościową (ChS – nazwy zrzeszeń i organizacji), chrematonimię ideacyjną (ChI – nazwy przedsięwzięć kulturowych). Jednostki onimiczne zestawione w różnorodnych chrematonomastykonach analizowane są pod względem motywacji nazwotwórczych, użytej formy językowej oraz ich funkcjonowania pragmatycznego w komunikacji społecznej – kryteriów opracowanej metodologii kulturowo-użytkowej. Badane chrematonimy pochodzą z trzech porównywanych obszarów językowych: polskiego, włoskiego i francuskiego.

El estudio de los nombres propios, sobre todo desde el punto de vista de su evolución en el uso y los diferentes valores sociales que han desarrollado a lo largo del tiempo, ha presentado dificultades evidentes para su captación más allá de los trabajos de frecuencias. En la presente investigación abordamos un análisis socionomástico de los antropónimos desde los postulados metodológicos de la disponibilidad léxica, a partir de una muestra restringida geográficamente y con distribución homogénea según diversos parámetros sociales (edad, género y nivel sociocultural). Los resultados confirman, en primer lugar, la idoneidad del procedimiento a la hora de detectar esquemas y modelos de hábitos onomásticos, así como la posibilidad de establecer comparaciones con otros recuentos de frecuencia ya existentes. Por otra parte, a partir del análisis cuantitativo, es posible detectar comportamientos diferenciados entre los colectivos que resultan de la estratificación de la muestra a partir de...

Are contemporary Bulgarian personal names still indicative of Bulgarian identity? Abstract: The Bulgarian three-component name system was established in the late 19th century, shortly after the Bulgarian independence. Based on the long-standing Bulgarian tradition, first names, patronymics and family names reveal the ethnic and cultural identity of the name bearers. This study is synchronic and investigates the effect some current naming practices have on the contemporary Bulgarian onomasticon. Special emphasis is placed on the following issues: diachronic name dynamics, contemporary given-name frequency, name loss, name borrowing, issues regarding hereditary patronymics, and family names and their forms. The research is based on official first and father’s name registries and on a corpus of family names from publicly available records. The main conclusions show that two parallel trends can be delineated: 1) the Bulgarian anthroponymicon looks more international nowadays; 2) the pre...

From 2017 to 2019, a number of street names were changed in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya City by each Provincial Government for the purpose of celebrating the reconciliation between the Sundanese (West Java) and the Javanese (Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta) after years of dispute due to the infamous Bubat Tragedy which occurred in the 14th century. Some existing street names in Yogyakarta and Surabaya were changed to those associated with Sundanese history, such as Jalan Padjadjaran and Jalan Siliwangi, while some existing street names in Bandung were changed to those associated with Javanese history, such as Jalan Majapahit and Jalan Hayam Wuruk. The author explores this phenomenon using the concept of critical toponymies and examines the connections between naming, place-making, and power underlying such policy. This study found that, although the changes were made with good intentions, in some cases this was actually opposed by several factions within the local community because those changes could obliterate the historical significance and collective memory represented by the previous names. From theoretical perspective, this paper also discussed the successful and unsuccessful changes of street names, as well as their relevance to the current context. In other words, our findings can be taken into consideration in future policy-making process.

[Dari 2017 hingga 2019, telah dilakukan penggantian sejumlah nama jalan di Kota Yogyakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya oleh pemerintah provinsi dengan tujuan untuk merayakan tuntasnya konflik yang timbul antara orang Sunda dan orang Jawa setelah  peristiwa Perang Bubat pada abad ke-14. Sejumlah nama jalan di Yogyakarta dan Surabaya diubah menjadi Jalan Padjadjaran dan Jalan Siliwangi yang berciri Sunda, sedangkan nama sejumlah nama jalan di Bandung diubah menjadi Jalan Majapahit dan Jalan Hayam Wuruk yang berciri Jawa. Selanjutnya, penulis menganalisis fenomena itu menggunakan konsep critical toponymies (toponimi kritis) dan mengkaji hubungan  antara ikhtiar penamaan (naming), penciptaan tempat (place making), dan unsur kuasa  (power) yang melatarinya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun penggantian nama itu dilakukan dengan itikad baik, pada sebagian kasus, kebijakan ini justru ditentang oleh sebagian masyarakat karena pengubahan dapat menghilangkan nilai sejarah dan memori kolektif yang terkandung di dalamnya. Dari segi teoretis, makalah ini juga mendiskusikan keberhasilan dan ketidakberhasilan pengubahan nama jalan serta kaitannya dengan konteks aktual sehingga dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan di dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan di masa depan.]

Are contemporary Bulgarian personal names still indicative of Bulgarian identity? Abstract: The Bulgarian three-component name system was established in the late 19th century, shortly after the Bulgarian independence. Based on the long-standing Bulgarian tradition, first names, patronymics and family names reveal the ethnic and cultural identity of the name bearers. This study is synchronic and investigates the effect some current naming practices have on the contemporary Bulgarian onomasticon. Special emphasis is placed on the following issues: diachronic name dynamics, contemporary given-name frequency, name loss, name borrowing, issues regarding hereditary patronymics, and family names and their forms. The research is based on official first and father’s name registries and on a corpus of family names from publicly available records. The main conclusions show that two parallel trends can be delineated: 1) the Bulgarian anthroponymicon looks more international nowadays; 2) the pre...

Resumen Los nombres de comercios constituyen una subcategoría dentro de los nombres propios y a su vez un tipo especial de crematónimos (Galkowski 2014) o ergónimos (Bauer 1985). Se trata de un tipo de vocablos que cuenta con escasos estudios, pero cuyo interés es indudable si consideramos la doble función que posee como una clase dentro de los nombres de marcas y como microtopónimos o topónimos urbanos. El corpus del que partimos ha sido captado a partir de pruebas asociativas orales de disponibilidad léxica llevadas a cabo en un área perteneciente al llamado español central-peninsular, a partir de una muestra de hablantes seleccionados por cuota con afijación uniforme y considerando las variables género, edad y nivel sociocultural. Una vez editados y procesados estadísticamente los datos, abordamos dos tareas: en primer lugar, caracterizamos el nuevo centro de interés, especialmente en contraste con otros crematónimos, los nombres de marcas, con los que comparten rasgos comunes, pero también atributos diferenciadores, precisamente por su carácter híbrido. En segundo lugar, analizamos cuantitativa y cualitativamente la distribución de los nombres de comercios en función de las variables 1 Para correspondencia, dirigirse a: Carmen Fernández Juncal (cjuncal@usal.es). Facultad de Filología. Plaza de Anaya, s/n. 37008 Salamanca, España.

Zusammenfassung: Dieser Beitrag untersucht erstens die diachrone Entwicklung der Ehena-menwahl in Deutschland und zweitens deren Legitimierung anhand von Argumentationstopoi. Mithilfe umfangreicher Standesamtsdaten der Jahre 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 und 2016 kann gezeigt werden, dass sich die Namenwahl im Zeitverlauf von traditioneller hin zu moderneren Formen der Namenführung bewegt: Zunehmend mehr Paare entscheiden sich statt des Fami-liennamens des Mannes für eine alternative Variante, zum Beispiel getrennte Namenführung oder den Namen der Frau. Dieser Prozess vollzieht sich schneller in Städten als auf dem Land. Ebenso wählen Paare mit höheren Bildungsabschlüssen eher eine Alternative als solche mit niedrigeren. Die Analyse von Argumentationstopoi zur Begründung der Namenwahl auf Grundlage einer Online-Umfrage von 2019 hat ergeben, dass Heiratende zwischen dem Erhalt der eigenen Individualität und der Herstellung einer kollektiven Familienidentität abwägen und diesbezüglich häufig in Konflikt geraten.
Abstract: This article analyzes the diachronic development of martial naming in Germany and its legitimization by topoi of reasoning. Based on large registry data from 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, the articles shows, how marital naming develops from traditional to more mod-ern forms of marital naming: instead of choosing the husband’s surname, couples increasingly decide upon alternatives, for instance to retain their names or to the wife’s name. This process takes place faster in urban than in rural areas. Besides couples with higher education rather choose an alternative than ones with lower education. The analysis of topoi of reasoning to legitimize martial naming by an online survey from 2019 shows how partners trade off preserv-ing their own individuality against producing a collective family identity. Thereby couples often come into conflict with each other.

Статья выполнена в рамках социоономастики - нового гибридного направления, формирующегося на стыке ономастики и социолингвистики. Автор считает, что влияние общества на системы собственных имен можно проанализировать на примере городского онимического пространства, поскольку в нем быстрее и ярче отражаются любые политические, экономические и культурные изменения. Статья посвящена рассмотрению онимических конфликтов, прослеживается история данного термина в российской и зарубежной ономастике, приводятся примеры аналогичных работ, проведенных другими исследователями. Автор отмечает, что обычно ученые рассматривают этот вопрос на примере коммерческих названий. В статье предлагается собственное определение данного термина. Под онимическим конфликтом автор понимает разногласия между социальными группами или их представителями из-за несходства во взглядах, мнениях, оценке относительно восприятия какого-либо собственного имени или группы собственных имен, а также осознанное или неосознанное нарушение права на владение собственным именем или на его использование. В основе статьи лежит рассмотрение онимических конфликтов в урбанонимическом пространстве российских городов. Автор анализирует периоды появления конфликтов, указывает типы городских онимов, их продуцирующих, приводит примеры онимических конфликтов, зафиксированных во время работы автора в городской межведомственной комиссии по наименованию объектов улично-дорожной сети Ярославля. В статье рассмотрены три публичных конфликта, связанных с увековечиванием памяти А. А. Кадырова, Б. Е. Немцова и В. С. Высоцкого. В завершении исследования делается вывод о том, что урбанонимические споры редко приводят к устранению их причины; продолжительность противостояния обусловлена характером созданного урбанонима, местом его расположения, историей объекта. Исследование онимических конфликтов поможет выработать рекомендации по их предотвращению и разрешению.
Ключевые слова: ономастика; социолингвистика; социоономастика; онимический конфликт; городское онимическое пространство, урбаноним.
The article is made within socioonomastics – a new hybrid direction which is being formed on the border of onomastics and
sociolinguistics. The author considers that influence of society on the systems of own names can be analysed on the example of city
onymic space as there are reflected any political, economic and cultural changes quicker and more brightly. The article is devoted to
consideration of the onymic conflicts, the history of this term in the Russian and foreign onomastics is traced, examples of the similar
works, which are carried out by other researchers, are given. The author notes that usually scientists consider this question on the
example of commercial names. In the article own definition of this term is offered. The author understands disagreements between
social groups or their representatives because of dissimilarity in views, opinions, assessment of perception of any own name or group
of own names as the onymic conflict and also conscious or unconscious violation of the right for possession of own name or on its
use. Consideration of the onymic conflicts in urbanonymic space of the Russian cities is a cornerstone of the article. The author
analyzes the periods of emergence of the conflicts, specifies types of the city onyms producing them, gives examples of the onymic
conflicts recorded during the author’s work in the city interdepartmental commission on naming objects of Yaroslavl street road
network. In the article three public conflicts connected with perpetuation of memory of A. A. Kadyrov, B. E. Nemtsov and
V. S. Vysotsky are considered. In completion of the research the conclusion is drawn that urbanonymic disputes seldom lead to
elimination of their reason; duration of opposition is caused by the nature of the created urbanonym, the place of its arrangement,
object history. The research of the onymic conflicts will help to develop recommendations about their prevention and permission.
Keywords: onomastics; sociolinguistics; socioonomastics; onymic conflict; city onymic space, urbanonym.

This paper investigates the various sources that can serve as a starting point for the study of anthroponomastic processes. We examine two types of resources for this kind of research. On the one hand, we can access more or less established repertoires, as is the case of the database provided by public institutions in different countries (censuses, registers, statistical agencies, among others), whose purpose as a public service is open and multifunctional.
On the other hand, this list can be complemented by other compilations of very different origin and purpose that can be used in a subsidiary manner. These corpora are mostly compiled by the onomastics researcher himself, who uses tools such as interviews, surveys or other mechanisms from which onomastic catalogues can be established, as well as gathering other relevant information in the processes that take place to determine the impact of certain parameters in the attribution processes, specifically in that which affects personal names.