Spectra

In this review paper we have information about determination of  organic compounds , techniques of  characterization ,analysis  of peaks  and frequency , applications of  spectroscopic techniques through  explanation of figures.

Keywords:
NMR,UV-VIS, spin, spectra, identification, HNMR.

El presente trabajo analiza la caracterización de Spectra en la saga cinematográfica de James Bond desde el primer título hasta 1985. Para ello describimos las herramientas y recursos narrativos empleados con el objetivo de construir un enemigo a través de una fantasía. Las implicaciones políticas, históricas y culturales de una saga que se creó bajo el telón de fondo de la Guerra Fría, así como el respaldo de taquilla, favorecen su interés académico. El análisis revela la forma en que este género de acción presentó de forma velada al bloque soviético, sirviéndose de una narrativa truculenta y de cierta comicidad.

The spectral lines given off by Hydrogen are well known and is simply described by the Rydberg formula. However, this only works on the hydrogen atom. If we try to describe the spectra with the Rydberg formula for helium and lithium, it fails – or does it? This a paper explores the idea that the spectra of heavier elements like helium and lithium can actually be described by just providing scaling factors to the Rydberg formula to explain the spectra given off by multi-electron atoms. This shows that the spectra is not a complex multi-body problem and that there is a very simple stair case pattern that the spectra follows.

The spectral lines given off by Hydrogen are well known and is simply described by the Rydberg formula. However, this only works on the hydrogen atom. If we try to describe the spectra with the Rydberg formula for helium and lithium, it fails – or does it? This a paper explores the idea that the spectra of heavier elements like helium and lithium can actually be described by just providing scaling factors to the Rydberg formula to explain the spectra given off by multi-electron atoms. This shows that the spectra is not a complex multi-body problem and that there is a very simple stair case pattern that the spectra follows.

Studies handling the lights and the colors as key components of computation attracted the scientists and engineers since these studies are potentially applicable to the signal processing through optical interconnections between electronic devices. Here, a novel optical computing model is proposed by modifying the known optical parallel logic gates, after employing the printed colors as the input/output data, instead of shadowgram images projected on a screen. The proposed approach allows spontaneous and parallel Boolean operations by simply overlaying the colors printed on films or duplicating the prints on papers. By setting a limited number of color prototypes with known CIELAB color coordinates, prediction of color changes due to duplicated color printing and/or film-on-paper overlaying of the printed colors was performed through Boolean “AND” operation and their experimental confirmation after actual color reading was also performed. Furthermore, possible applications of this CIELAB-coded printable logic gate system in natural computing and development of novel color barcodes were discussed.

ABSTRACT. New complexes cis-[Mo2O5(Hapdhba)2], trans-[UO2(Hapdhba)2], [Pd(Hapdhba)Cl(H2O)], [Pd(bpy)(Hapdhba)]Cl, [Ag(bpy)(Hapdhba)], [Ru(Hapdhba)2(H2O)2], [Rh(Hapdhba)2Cl(H2O)] and [Au(Hapdhba)Cl2] are reported, where H2apdhba is the Schiff-base derived from 2-aminopyrimidine and 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde. The complexes were characterized by IR, electronic, 1H NMR and mass spectra, conductivity, magnetic and thermal measurements. The inhibitive effect of H2apdhba for the corro-sion of copper in 0.5 M HCl was also determined by potentiodynamic polarization measurements.

We are concerned with stable spectral collocation solutions to non-periodic Benjamin Bona Mahony (BBM), modified BBM and Benjamin Bona Mahony-Burgers (BBM-B) initial value problems on the real axis. The spectral collocation is based alternatively on the scaled Hermite and sinc functions. In order to march in time we use several one step and linear multistep finite difference schemes such that the method of lines (MoL) involved is stable in sense of Lax. The method based on Hermite functions ensures the correct behavior of the solutions at large spatial distances and in long time periods. In order to prove the stability we use the pseudospectra of the linearized spatial discretization operators. The extent at which the energy integral of BBM model is conserved over time is analyzed for Hermite collocation along with various finite difference schemes. This analysis has been fairly useful in optimizing the scaling parameter. The effectiveness of our approach has been confirmed by some numerical experiments.

In the last two decades, a number of researchers have been engaged in the study of natural computing systems that employ physical, chemical, and biological properties as direct media for manifesting computations. Among such attempts, studies focusing on the use of lights as key computation components in particular have attracted the attention of researchers and engineers, since these studies are potentially applicable to signal processing through optical intercon-nections between electronic devices. Our research team has recently been engaged in the study of a novel color-based natural computing model. Our recent works included using CIELAB-coded colors on printed-paper to compute Boolean conjunctions (AND operations). In this study, we performed Boolean operations based on CIELAB-coded colors by placing color-printed films over aluminum-coated reflectors with and/or without color. The results of the operations were gathered by testing the color codes printed on the films for negation or highlighting. This type of CIELAB-based color computing has a wide range of potential applications, such as a method for security or access control to secured systems. Such applications could match paired color keys on which the arrays of color codes could be printed and optically computed.

The ever-increasing number of mobile telecommunication base station as a result of increasing demand for broadband applications has raised a growing concern and worry over the health implications and safety of the radiations from these base stations by the resident of Ekiti State and Nigeria in Nigeria. Measurement of radio frequency was conducted in this research in order to study the electromagnetic field radiation level in Ekiti State Nigeria. Investigation was conducted with the four available mobile operators with the three sub-frequency band viz 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz. The power density of radio frequency radiation was estimated through measurement with the aid of A 3-axis RF radiation strength meter TM-196 and handheld spectrum analyzer model NA-773, 144/430. The peak and average power density was computed using the method of theoretical calculation and the safety distance from the antennas were estimated. The measured and the calculated values were compared with the international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) standard for public and occupational exposure level. Results show that the radiations from the base stations adheres to the standard provided by ICNIRP.

Reduction of 2-cyanopyridine by sodium in dry methanol in the presence of 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazide produces 2-pyridineformamide 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone, HAmpip. Complexes with nickel(II) have been prepared and characterized by magnetic susceptibility and spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of [Ni(Ampip)2], [Ni(Ampip)OAc], and [Ni(HAm-pip)Cl]Cl have been solved. Coordination of the anionic and neutral ligand is via the pyridyl nitrogen, imine nitrogen, and thiolato/ thione sulfur. [Ni(Ampip)2] is an approximately octahedral NiN4S2 center with the tridentate ligands in a meridonal arrangement. [Ni(Ampip)OAc] is essentially planar except for the acetato ligand, which is /808 out of the coordination plane, and the ionic [Ni(HAmpip)Cl]Cl involves the neutral thiosemicarbazone ligand. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

The ever-increasing number of mobile telecommunication base station as a result of increasing demand for broadband applications has raised a growing concern and worry over the health implications and safety of the radiations from these base stations by the resident of Ekiti State and Nigeria in Nigeria. Measurement of radio frequency was conducted in this research in order to study the electromagnetic field radiation level in Ekiti State Nigeria. Investigation was conducted with the four available mobile operators with the three sub-frequency band viz 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz. The power density of radio frequency radiation was estimated through measurement with the aid of A 3-Axis RF Radiation Strength Meter TM-196 and Handheld Spectrum Analyzer Model NA-773, 144/430. The peak and average power density was computed using the method of theoretical calculation and the safety distance from the antennas were estimated. The measured and the calculated values were compared with the ...

Reduction of 2-cyanopyridine by sodium in dry methanol in the presence of 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazide produces 2-pyridineformamide 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone, HAmpip. Complexes with nickel (II) have been prepared and characterized by magnetic ...

As tensions based on race, gender and class continue, I believe it is imperative for scholars reexamine Patricia Hill Collins’ Black Feminist Thought. Collins uses an intersectional approach to describe the unique oppression which women of color in the United States face. Although the book was published over a decade ago, I believe it can aid one in understanding current oppression women of color still face today. Furthermore, Black Feminist Thought can help to facilitate meaningful dialogue around topics of racism and sexism which are happening across the country. As women continue to be at the forefront of activism against the current division and oppression in the United States, Black Feminist Thought will aid in establishing an inclusive and educated movement.

During annual spring migration in Western Europe many amphibians are killed by traffic when they cross roads moving to reproduction sites. Especially in urban settings these roads are often equipped with street lighting. The response of amphibians to this light during migration is however poorly known. Street lighting may attract migrating amphibians increasing the risk of being struck by traffic. Using experimental illumination we tested whether light affected the migration and if adjustment of the spectral composition could mitigate effects. Barriers used to catch toads and help them cross roads safely were divided in 25 meter long sections and these were illuminated with white, green or red light or kept dark. The number of toads caught in each section was counted. Common toads avoided sections of roads that were illuminated with white or green light but not red light. Street light thus affects migrating toads but not as expected and red light with low levels of short wavelength ...

This paper considers the phenomenon of financialization, the integration of everyday life activities into the logic of finance capital, and the spatio-temporal fixes attached to emergent dynamics of capital circulation. I analyze the growing industry of Alternative Finance Service Providers (AFSPs), focusing on the rapid expansion of payday and title loan lending. I argue that the increased presence of AFSPs has occurred in conjunction with practices of finance capitalism, which serve to constitute a specific economic subject. Examining the practices of TMX Finance LLC, the largest title loan company in the United States, I argue that the preferential distribution of debt dramatically shapes the space we live in, and seeks to order the bodies that occupy those spaces.

Color is one of the most useful and attractive characteristics of light applicable to optical science and the related industries. In recent decades, a number of studies focusing on the use of light as a key component of computation have attracted considerable attention from researchers and engineers because these studies are potentially applicable to signal processing through optical interconnections between electronic devices. Such studies include the optical parallel logic gates proposed by a Japanese research group, allowing spontaneous and parallel computing with spatial coding using lights, simply by overlaying a pair of shadowgram images. For computational handling of the colors visible to human eyes, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairge has defined CIE 1976 color space (CIELAB). The author has been engaged in the development of CIELAB-based printable and computable color codes possibly used for novel optical logic gate system as one of natural computing approaches. In the present study, by employing the pairs of CIELAB-coded-printed transparent films overlaid, a Boolean operation for the crossing (conjugation) of 2-by-2 color matrices based on the scanning of CIELAB values was demonstrated. This approach is still primitive but might be a significant step for manifesting the array-based processing of colors representing print-preserved and digitalized information .

I explain a simple definition of causality in widespread use, and indicate how it links to the Kramers–Kronig relations. The specification of causality in terms of temporal differential equations then shows us the way to write down dynamical models so that their causal nature in the sense used here should be obvious to all. To extend existing treatments of causality that work only in the frequency domain, I derive a reformulation of the long-standing Kramers–Kronig relations applicable not only to just temporal causality, but also to spacetime 'light-cone' causality based on signals carried by waves. I also apply this causal reasoning to Maxwell's equations, which is an instructive example since their causal properties are sometimes debated.