Sustainable Manufacturing

This study presents the results of an experimental investigation on turning of NiTi shape memory alloys under a wide range of cutting conditions, and it provides a comparison of machining performance between flood cooling and dry machining in terms of some of the major sustainability measures in machining. Experimental data on force components, surface roughness, chip breakability and surface hardness is presented and analyzed to evaluate the sustainability level of machining of NiTi. The service life of machined products is discussed and the experimental results are analyzed and evaluated in terms of service life.

Purpose - The goal of this study is to evaluate the energy consumed to fabricate nylon parts using selective laser sintering (SLS) and to compare it with the energy consumed for injection molding (IM) the same parts.

Design/methodology/approach - Estimates of energy consumption include the energy consumed for nylon material refinement, adjusted for SLS and IM process yields. Estimates also include the energy consumed by the SLS and IM equipment for part fabrication and the energy consumed to machine the injection mold and refine the metal feedstock required to fabricate it. A representative part is used to size the injection mold and to quantify throughput for the SLS machine per build.

Findings - Although SLS uses significantly more energy than IM during part fabrication, this energy consumption is partially offset by the energy consumption associated with production of the injection mold. As a result, the energy consumed per part for IM decreases with the number of parts fabricated while the energy consumed per part for SLS remains relatively constant as long as builds are packed efficiently. The crossover production volume, at which IM and SLS consume equivalent amounts of energy per part, ranges from 50 to 300 representative parts, depending on the choice of mold plate material.

Research limitations/implications - The study is limited to material refinement and part fabrication and does not consider other aspects of the life cycle, such as waste disposal, distributed manufacturing, transportation, recycling or use. Also, the crossover volumes are specific to the representative part and are expected to vary with part geometry.

Originality/value - The results of this comparative study of SLS and IM energy consumption indicate that manufacturers can save energy using SLS for parts with small production volumes. The comparatively large amounts of nylon material waste and energy consumption during fabrication make it inefficient, from an energy perspective, to use SLS for higher production volumes. The crossover production volume depends on the geometry of the part and the choice of material for the mold.

The manufacturing industry is still a significant economic sector and organizations try to make it attractive enough for their workforce, e.g. by motivating organizational culture. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a survey of organizational culture and its motivational potential in manufacturing organizations supporting sustainable manufacturing. Empirical exploration is based on Cartwright’s Nine Factors Methodology. The findings show that, generally, the subculture of the production workers has lower motivational potential than the subculture of non-production workers. At the same time production workers’ motivational potential decreases even more with the increasing length of service in the organization.

The highly competitive nature of the manufacturing environment requires manufacturers to consider the ultimate outcome of their green
strategy adoption, focusing on those that are strategic to their environmental and business performance. Based on the Natural-Resource-Based framework, a model is proposed to analyse the total effects of green strategy adoption on competitive benefits within the manufacturing industry. The conceptual model has been formulated by applying structural equation modelling and empirically analysed using a dataset collected from a survey of ISO 14000 certified manufacturers from among the Malaysian industries. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the green strategies, environmental performance and competitive benefits. The results also imply that a clean technology strategy has considerable importance in terms of generating competitive benefits, and yet it received the least attention from the manufacturers.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 12: Responsible consumption and production and 14: Life Below Water coincide in the targeting of the problem of plastic pollution. The problem has been garnering immense media attention in the recent years. Efforts to reduce unnecessary plastic consumption have been seen in social movements, in corporate policies and most noticeably, in regulatory control in the form of bans for specific types of single-use plastic items. A paradox exists as, arguably, civilization cannot sustain its current developmental momentum without the use of plastics, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic demanding higher levels of protection and hygiene. An ideal goal for the transformation of the plastic value chain is the concept of circular economythe complete return of post-consumer plastic waste (PCPW) for repeated re-consumption after recovery and recycling processes. Hence, corporate engagement to manage the plastic value chain in ways that commit to the creation of circular economies is crucial. While reduction and substitution are being pursued, the current scale of the plastic production is still expected to remain the same or increase for the next few years as life cycle assessments (LCA), test trials of consumer acceptance towards novel delivery mechanisms and other forms of innovation are emerging. The reduction of plastics in the private-sector is allegedly ongoing but still intangible in Asia as daily lives continue to rely heavily on single-use plastics and large amounts of plastic packaging. While recovery and collection innovations are underway for application and are picking up speed, there is still an unfathomable amount of marine litter entering waterways, which aggravates the bigger-than-ever problem of plastic pollution in Asia. Responsible production has long adopted the concept of credits. Carbon credits are the most notable one, while palm oil credits are also prominently purchased by manufacturers to offset any palm oil content that is not yet sourced from certified sustainable suppliers. The concept of credits for plastics is currently sporadically seen across the world, especially in developing regions of Asia, but remains much less explored than their counterparts for other commodities. "Plastic neutrality" or "net plastic circularity" in the form of credit purchasing by businesses could likely be the final missing piece of the puzzle picturing a circular economy, especially as an interim measure and later as a component to be integrated into existing and upcoming extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes. In theory, the credit system could serve as an offsetting mechanism to recover an equivalent or higher amount of plastics to be produced by the credit-purchasing responsible manufacturer. This paper explores how responsible plastic production, accounting, recovery and offsetting could be enabled through standardized plastic credits, similar to the existing carbon and sustainable palm oil credit systems, could be applied in Asia to achieve the goal of recovery of plastics for circularity.

In order to carry out a machining process with high efficiency, a study was performed that relates cutting conditions with the consumption of electric energy in a CNC machining center. During the experiment, the influence of the axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut on the energy consumption was evaluated. These parameters directly influence the machining cross section and the forces involved in the process. Severe cutting conditions increase the material removal rate (MRR), but they increase the forces and require more energy consumption for cutting. Slighter conditions require less effort to perform cutting, but machining times are increased. AISI P20 steel was machined by milling in a machining center and the relationship between material removal rate and electric power consumption was evaluated.

Additive manufacturing technologies are still brand new in industrial production. Although It has widely been used in prototypes development, either low or very low scale production are also able to incorporate such technologies nowadays. The application of additive manufacturing in large scale has been presented as a paradigm to be overcome. Nevertheless, the application of these technologies worldwide might affect production systems dynamics in addition to organizations structures. At the same way, applying additive manufacturing technologies in medium and large scale might also create either novel businesses models or improve marketing segments that were underestimated. For that reason, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the metrics applied in additive manufacturing to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of these scenarios in a systematic study which correlate the economic, social and environmental key points which provide current manufacturing companies to identify the suitability of each additive manufacturing technology in accordance with its business goals. Therefore, the sustainable metrics for additive manufacturing processes will prove that it is really a sustainable manufacturing. Moreover, these results were results of others preliminary studies which might open a new discussion topic among manufacturing companies.

The environmental impacts of two 3D printers were compared to a traditional CNC milling machine to determine which method is the most sustainable for general prototyping, or if such a statement can even be made. A life-cycle assessment was performed, comparing a Haas VF0 CNC mill to a Dimension 1200BST FDM and an Objet Connex 350 “inkjet” / “polyjet”. The functional unit was the manufacture of two specific parts in ABS plastic or similar polymer required by the machines. Several scenarios were considered, all scored using the ReCiPe Endpoint H and IMPACT 2002+ methodologies. Results showed the sustainability of additive manufacturing and CNC machining depends primarily on the percent utilization of each machine; this determines environmental impacts more than which machine is used. For both 3D printers, electricity use is always the dominant impact, but for CNC at maximum utilization, material waste became dominant. At both high and low utilization, the FDM machine had the lowest ecological impacts per part for similar utilization. The inkjet machine sometimes performed better and sometimes worse than CNC, depending on process parameters.

This didactical book titles SESTANTE (Italian acronym of “Studenti per la EcoSostenibilità Tecnologica del LevANTE” students for technological eco-sustainability of
East) since it tries to propose a “levantine” view to sustainability, i.e. a flexible and
fuzzy conception of a very wide problem which is far from being solved or even
understood to date. This didactical book, in fact, far from providing a complete
framework or a mature theory on the subject – which is quite impossible on the other
hand at the present state of scientific research- is intended to trace in the next years on, a
dynamic and kaleidoscopic view of the approach to the continuous improvement of
sustainability of manufacturing processes, to offer the reader a deeper profile of this
subject. The resulting changeable picture, far from being conclusive for the reader,
might thus become a reference for understanding sustainable manufacturing and thus
can maintain its didactical significance to promote the continuous improvement of
sustainability.

A carbon footprint is defined as 'The total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, event, organization or product expressed as mainly CO2 emissions . Carbon footprints and their calculations have recently drawn considerable attention in order to limit Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Several carbon footprint calculators are available online to estimate the carbon dioxide emissions of individuals and households based on house, auto, and other consumption-related measures. On the other hand, there are a limited number of calculators that address construction projects. The importance of developing carbon calculators for construction projects is due to the fact that 13-18% of the total embodied carbon footprint of any construction project [2] and 100% of the total embodied carbon footprint of any landscape project is released the year the project is built or installed.

Rajasthan is considered to be a majestic state of India possess a wide variety of minerals especially marble deposits. This state, being a major world player in the production of stone and marble, generates tons of waste which is posing a severe threat to the environment. In order to make efficient use of this waste a complete LCA (Life cycle analysis) according to ISO 14040/44 have been applied to the extraction process of stone and marble in order to find out the opportunities and possibilities for waste utilization. The sustainability study of marble and stone industry is presented with simple Venn diagram's taking into account the major factors affecting it.

To overcome the challenge of upcycling plastic waste into 3D printing filament in the distributed recycling and additive manufacturing systems, this study designs, builds, tests and validates an open source filament diameter sensor for recycling and winding machines. The modular system for multi-axis optical control of the diameter of the recycled 3D-printer filament makes it possible to scan part of the surface of the 1 Corresponding author

In the United States, highly competitive market outsourcing benefits are correlated to low consumer prices, growth in sales, and taking over market shares leaving competitors tailgating your organization. The high costs associated with adhering to the United States manufacturing regulations that include adherence to Clean Air Act that controls the pollution levels; Clean Water Act; Occupation Safety and Health Act; labor; and disposal regulations among others are leading reasons for the attraction of companies to outsource to global markets that have fewer regulations. Global outsourcing ventures in manufacturing sectors carry a perception of unethical conduct that involves long hour with low wages, physically abused, and poor working conditions, among consumers. The researchers’ objective was for an opportunity to acquire and understand millennials perspectives on the integration of individual moral values with ethics and millennials personal implications on sustainable development in Apple’s manufacture outsourcing. Consumer millennials decision to purchase Apple products contributes to Apple’s sustainability development; would the millennial’s access to the unethical practices in the manufacturing sway purchasing decisions. The face to face interviews gained insight if millennials considered individual morals and ethics in making purchasing decisions. The interviewed population for the research was millennials ages 18 to 34 who

This paper presents an overview of the past research on Surface Integrity (SI) studies in the context of machined components from a range of work materials including stainless steels, Ni and Ti alloys, hardened steels for dies and moulds, bearings and automotive applications. Typical surface alterations such as phase transformations, microhardness and residual stress are discussed and correlated with the functional performance of the machined products. A summary of past and current modelling efforts is then presented along with projections for developing predictive models for SI and means for enhancing product sustainability in terms of its functional performance.

Task allocation and motion coordination are the main factors that should be considered in the coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles in material handling systems. Presently, these factors are handled in different stages, leading to a reduction in optimality and efficiency of the overall coordination. However, if these issues are solved simultaneously we can gain near optimal results. But, the simultaneous approach contains additional algorithmic complexities which increase computation time in the simulation environment. This work aims to reduce the computation time by adopting a parallel and distributed computation strategy for Simultaneous Task Allocation and Motion Coordination (STAMC). In the simulation experiments, each cluster node executes the motion coordination algorithm for each autonomous vehicle. This arrangement enables parallel computation of the expensive STAMC algorithm. Parallel and distributed computation is performed directly within the interpretive MATLAB environment. Results show the parallel and distributed approach provides sub-linear speedup compared to a single centralised computing node.

Eco-city projects are becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the globe and are often marketed as ‘new’ urban environments focused on achieving sustainable urban living while promoting environmental–economic transitions towards a low-carbon technological and industrial base. The article argues for the need to consider the thermal aspects of urban metabolism, while at the same time focusing on the link between individual buildings and eco-city master plans and wider economic development strategies at a state level. In so doing, the article encourages critical analysis of eco-city design and planning, while keeping a focus on the role of specific building structures within eco-cities as examples of the intermeshing of what can be termed a ‘political ecology of scale’ which stretches from specific buildings' climatic characteristics, to the metabolic master plan for eco-cities, to provincial, regional and state-level plans for the integration of eco-cities within wider economic and political development trajectories. The article focuses on Masdar, in Abu Dhabi, an eco-city under construction at the time of writing.

Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, the use of cutting oil is very necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% of the cost of any product is associated with cutting fluid, and about 80% of skin diseases are due to mist and fumes generated by cutting oils. Environmental legislation and operators’ safety demand the minimal use of cutting fluid and proper disposal of used cutting oil. The disposal cost is huge, about two times higher than the machining cost. To improve occupational health and safety and the reduction of product costs, companies are moving towards sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, this review article emphasizes the sustainable machining aspects of steel by employing techniques that require the minimal use of cutting oils, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication, and other efficient techniques like cryogenic cooling, dry cutting, solid lubricants, air/vapor/gas cooling, and cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment on tools and the use of vegetable oils or biodegradable oils instead of mineral oils are used as primary techniques to enhance the overall part quality, which leads to longer tool life with no negative impacts on the environment. To further help the manufacturing community in progressing towards industry 4.0 and obtaining net-zero emissions, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent, state of the art sustainable techniques used for machining steel materials/components by which the industry can massively improve their product quality and production.

Countries differ in their level of economic wealth. Developing countries are those in which economic wealth is either not widespread or in which economic wealth is significantly behind countries of a similar size. Manufacturing productivity enables the increase of gross domestic product (GDP). However, manufacturing productivity also has a potential for increased pollution and toxicity. Rural communities in developing countries can use sustainable manufacturing techniques to improve GDP output while minimizing the damage to the environment and community health. Universities can play a pivotal role in enabling the transfer of university research to small manufacturers via online training. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can vastly enable collaboration and rapid prototyping of sustainable products (e.g. 3D printed prototypes). Before all of this can begin, it is important to outline the scope, limitations, and evaluation metrics for an online University Green Technology Business Incubator (UgTBI). This concept document uses the UN Global Compact principles as a basis for operational goals. Additional information can be requested from JOOUST Project Team Leader, Dr Benard Muok bmuok@yahoo.com)

Sustainability has become an important element in today's world. It is important thathumans utilize the available resources intelligently and responsibly in a way that the environment will not be affected such that future generations of humans will enjoy the same quality of life that we are currently having. Unfortunately manufacturing being a very resource consuming activity, it is important to consider sustainability at all levels of the life cycle of the products that are manufactured. Life cycle analysis is an accepted method to identify the environmental impact of the manufacturing activity. Sustainable manufacturing is now a realizable goal and a number of areas within manufacturing are benefitted by it. The research involves in reducing the energy requirement for manufacturing processes and practices, as well as using materials that are more environmentally friendly. Already very promising results have been achieved in a number of areas.

A strategy for adaptive control and energetic optimization of aerobic fermentors was implemented, with both air flow and agitation speed as manipulated variables. This strategy is separable in its components: control, optimization, estimation. We optimized parameter’s estimation (from the usual KLa correlation) using sinusoidal excitation of air flow and agitation speed. We have implemented parameter’s estimation trough recursive least squares algorithm with forgetting factor. We carried separate essays on control, optimization and estimation algorithms. We carried our essays using an original computational simulation environment, with noise and delay generating facilities for data sampling and filtering.

Our results show the convergence and robustness of the estimation algorithm used, improved with use of both forgetting factor and KLa dead-band facilities. Control algorithm used in our work compares favorably with PID using the integrated area criteria for deviation between oxygen molarity and critical molarity (set point). Optimization algorithm clearly reduces energetic consumption, respecting critical molarity. Integration of control, optimization and adaptive algorithms was implemented, but future work is needed for stability. Methods were defined and implemented for stability improvement. We have implemented data acquisition and computer manipulation of air flow and agitation speed for actual fermentors.

Industrial waste represents a burden for the environment, it leads to pollution and it is an indication that resources were not used efficiently during the manufacturing process. An inefficient production process increases production costs and weakens a company’s competitiveness and profitability. Academics in the field of industrial ecology have proposed the concept of industrial symbiosis; governments promote the concept in efforts to support industry in this challenge, but the industrial symbiosis concept lacks a key factor, the “voice of the economy”. This discussion paper proposes a new design methodology: the ATM of waste (Analyse, Transform and Market). It builds on industrial
symbiosis by adding the “voice of the economy”, suggesting that companies should add value to unavoidable waste, which would normally be sent to landfills or exchanged at scrap value. This added value increases the competitiveness and improves the
environmental performance of an organization. Additionally, a tool for idea development based on the fundamental uses of waste is presented. This methodology, driven by market forces, satisfies the ultimate objective of business: profits, its strengths and weaknesses are discussed in detail.

This paper considers the matter of sites of production in view of recent technologically enabled trends toward the intersection of designing and making. These changes have been conceptualised as ‘open design’ or as ‘consumer-as-producer’ and they are specifically manifest in accessible and inexpensive 3D printing. We argue here that these developments reactivate the Arts and Crafts notion of personalised domestic-scale production in newly technologised and globally connected ways. Akin to the ideals of the 1970s Punk movement, amateurs can become agents of change as the open-source Maker movement provides individuals with the ‘source code’ to make, adapt and disseminate individualised products via Information and Communication Technology (ICT) channels. This paper discusses the possible impacts of distributed making on our urban landscapes, with the increasing conflation of domestic, industrial and retail zones and what some have described as ‘maker-friendly’ cities.

Sri Lanka promotes manufacturing sector without much concern on environmental and social problems as one of the driving forces for the economic prosperity. This has aggravated number of issues and this has lead to adapting of some sustainability related initiatives in local manufacturing sector. However, majority of them function independently with fix boundaries. Conversely, there are some hindrances to implement the sustainable manufacturing concepts as a one comprehensive solution. This research intends to investigate the motivators and barriers to adapt sustainable manufacturing concept to overcome current issues faced by the manufacturing industry.  An evaluation criterion was developed based on some of the popularly used guidelines and sustainability options available in number of sub domains. Results highlights the main motivators plus common and cluster specific barriers to implement sustainable manufacturing in local industry. These outcomes can be easily considered for the policy development purposes in developing countries in future.

This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) whose core is based on Bayes' networks and influence diagrams that helps remanufacturers to choose the best product recovery option on the basis of the information provided by emerging technologies such as RFID tags and sensor networks. Such technologies can have significant impact on the effectiveness with which product information is generated and shared among the various actors in the product lifecycle. As an illustration, we show how such a DSS can be used to improve the effectiveness of decisions made by vehicle remanufacturers where one needs to select reusable components for disassembly before shredding an end-of-life vehicle.

Sustainable Manufacturing (SM) requires strategic attention in today’s competitive environment owing to dependence of many organizations on natural resources along with generation of wastes and environmental pollution. The adoption of SM in itself poses huge challenge for the practitioners since the extant literature does not provide a standard framework for the implementation of the same. It has thus become the need of the time for the manufacturers to pursue production activities, which internalizes negative environmental externalities while maximizing business goals and socio-economic benefits. Typically, manufacturing processes can broadly be classified into five categories such as such as casting, forming, powder metallurgy, joining and machining.
The study focuses on machining group wherein; the interdependencies of different sustainable machining parameters are examined in the context of milling and turning machining processes. In order to ensure competitiveness in the field of manufacturing, there must be a balance between economic, environmental and social dimensions. Hence, a complex web of interdependencies is formed in between the parameters affecting the end result of a metal cutting process form. In this work, a structure on the network of parameters has been imposed by applying graph-based modularity analysis. The understanding in form of parameterized relationships between various interacting factors helps in the application of powerful heuristic tools such as expert systems to be implemented.

A common understanding of sustainable production principles and the identification of sustainable manufacturing practices among practitioners are key starting points in studying how manufacturers are making their operations more sustainable. However, there is a lack of insight in the literature connecting conceptual sustainable production principles, and the practices reflecting these principles. Using semi-structured interviews founded on the sustainable production principles posed by the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, this paper presents an outlook of how companies in different industries carry out manufacturing practices related to the sustainability production principles. Results showed that the majority of sustainable manufacturing practices remain strongly centered on the environmental dimension of sustainability, with the greatest number of practices emanating from principles concerning energy and material conservation, and waste management. Similarly, reactive sustainable manufacturing practices prevailed over proactive sustainable manufacturing practices, as most of the practices aimed to comply with regulatory and market pressures. Quality and environmental management systems were acknowledged as important tools for putting sustainable production principles into practice; while Swedish environmental and social regulations were found to drive sustainable manufacturing practices. This study connects sustainable production principles with sustainable manufacturing practices and opens the way for further studies on a global or sector-specific scale.

The European recycling directive increases the pressure to improve the recycling processes for the rapidly increasing number of End-of-Life (EoL) flat screen televisions. Based on a case study an estimation of the expected economic and environmental benefits of the availability of product information for different EoL treatment strategies is provided. This case study demonstrates that pre-processing operations, such as dismantling, product sorting and clustering, allow to increase the economic viability and sustainability of recycling flat screen televisions. One of the main challenges for implementing pre-processing operations in an industrial setting is that these operations require the ability of product identification and specific product information, such as product structure and material composition. To allow such an exchange of key information, a holistic life cycle approach is required, in which all different actors in the lifecycle are involved, as is achieved in the Flemish PRIME project.

Istilah ‘zaman now’ pada judul buku ini adalah semacam bahasa
gaul yang digunakan oleh kalangan millenial atau generasi Z, sebuah
generasi dengan pemanfaatan internet dan dunia maya yang masif,
serta akrab dengan gadget yang canggih. Sebutan ini simbolik untuk
menggambarkan perkembangan dunia masa kini yang dinamis,
informatif dan kadang disruptif (menggangu tatanan yang ada).
Tetapi dilain sisi ‘zaman now’ dapat juga berarti sebagai usaha untuk
memfokuskan pada pemenuhan yang bersifat materi pada generasi
sekarang, tanpa mengorbankannya untuk generasi yang akan datang
atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah berkelanjutan (sustainable). Dua
sisi ini, yaitu trend teknologi terkini terutama peningkatan peran
komputer, digitalisasi data, perangkat lunak dan internet di satu sisi,
dan isu-isu keberlanjutan dan manufaktur yang ramah terhadap
lingkungan di sisi yang lain, merupakan wacana berfikir yang ingin
ditawarkan pada buku ini.
Tiga kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan manufaktur dalam judul
buku ini adalah maya, awan dan hijau. Maya atau virtual mengandung
pengertian “Manufaktur dalam komputer” yang berarti memanfaatkan
komputer untuk membuat model digital dari produk, proses dan pabrik
untuk tujuan simulasi, visualisasi dan optimasi. Awan atau cloud adalah
metafora dari internet dan jaringan yang menghubungkan berbagai
macam perangkat komputer dan perangkat lainnya sebagai sebuah
resources. Manufaktur awan dapat berupa aplikasi perangkat lunak
manufaktur berbasis internet yang memberi layanan on-demand, atau
juga sebuah sistem fisik-siber dari seluruh sumber daya manufaktur
yang saling terhubung dengan jaringan internet. Kata hijau atau green
adalah metafora dari manufaktur yang bersih dan ramah lingkungan,
menghemat pemakaian sumber daya, terutama material dan energi
pada seluruh siklus hidup produk. Ketiga paradigma manufaktur di
atas sangat mengemuka pada zaman sekarang, dimana fleksibilitas,
mobilitas, optimalisasi, kecepatan, dan efisiensi sangat diperlukan.

Over the past century, research has focused on continuously improving the performance of manufacturing processes and systems—often measured in terms of cost, quality, productivity, and material and energy efficiency. With the advent of smart manufacturing technologies—better production equipment, sensing technologies, computational methods, and data analytics applied from the process to enterprise levels—the potential for sustainability performance improvement is tremendous. Sustainable manufacturing seeks the best balance of a variety of performance measures to satisfy and optimize the goals of all stakeholders. Accurate measures of performance are the foundation on which sustainability objectives can be pursued. Historically, operational and information technologies have undergone disparate development, with little convergence across the domains. To focus future research efforts in advanced manufacturing, the authors organized a one-day workshop, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, at the joint manufacturing research conferences of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Research needs were identified to help harmonize disparate manufacturing metrics, models, and methods from across conventional manufacturing, nanomanufacturing, and additive/hybrid manufacturing processes and systems. Experts from academia and government labs presented invited lightning talks to discuss their perspectives on current advanced manufacturing research challenges. Workshop participants also provided their perspectives in facilitated brainstorming breakouts and a reflection activity. The aim was to define advanced manufacturing research and educational needs for improving manufacturing process performance through improved sustainability metrics, modeling approaches, and decision support methods. In addition to these workshop outcomes, a review of the recent literature is presented, which identifies research opportunities across several advanced manufacturing domains. Recommendations for future research describe the short-, mid-, and long-term needs of the advanced manufacturing community for enabling smart and sustainable manufacturing.

The evaluation of environmentally conscious manufacturing programs is similar to many strategic initiatives and their justification methodologies. This similarity arises from the fact that there are multiple factors that need to be considered, many of which have long-term and broad implications for an organization. The types of programs that could be evaluated range from the appropriate selection of product designs and materials to major disassembly programs that may be implemented in parallel with standard assembly programs. The methodology will involve the synthesis of the analytical network
process (ANP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). We consider some of the more recent modeling innovations in each of these areas to help us address a critical and important decision that many managers and organizations are beginning to face. An illustrative example provides some insights into the application of this methodology. Additional issues and research questions within are also identified.

This paper considers the matter of sites of production in view of recent technologically enabled trends toward the intersection of designing and making. These changes have been conceptualised as 'open design' or as 'consumer-as-producer' and they are specifically manifest in accessible and inexpensive 3D printing. We argue here that these developments reactivate the Arts and Crafts notion of personalised domestic-scale production in newly technologised and globally connected ways. Akin to the ideals of the 1970s Punk movement, amateurs can become agents of change as the open-source Maker movement provides individuals with the 'source code' to make, adapt and disseminate individualised products via information and communication technology (ICT) channels. This paper discusses the possible impacts of distributed making on our urban landscapes, with the increasing conflation of domestic, industrial and retail zones and what some have described as 'maker-friendly' cities.

This study continues recent work providing the first life-cycle assessment (LCA) of multiple 3D printers using comprehensive multi-variable impacts, and the first such comparison of additive manufacturing vs. machining. In this study, new machines were measured and the functional unit was adjusted from the making of two solid parts to making one thin-walled part, for more realistic comparison of the prototyping most often performed by 3D printers, according to industry sources. Machines measured were a Mori Seiki NVD1500 DCG CNC mill, a Haas VF0 CNC mill, an Afinia H480 desktop FDM printer, a Dimension 1200BST FDM printer, an Objet Connex 350 polyjet printer, and a Projet 6000 SLA printer. Scoring used ReCiPe Endpoint H. Printer usage varies widely, so scenarios included theoretically making parts 24 hrs/day, 7 days/wk, as well as making just one part per week, either leaving machines idling or turning them off when not in use.

Sustainable manufacturing practices are essential for automotive component manufacturing organisations to ensure competitive advantage. The interrelation between sustainability enablers' namely economic prosperity, environment well-being, social well-being, performance management and research and development need to be analysed for deriving practical insights. Theoretical model development of enablers using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) has been statistically verified using measurement models and structural model of partial least square, structural equation modelling (SEM). In this context, this article presents a combined ISM and SEM approach for building the models with the help of experts for automotive component manufacturing organisation. The measurement and structural model are constructed based on survey among 70 practitioners from automotive component manufacturing organisations in Southern India. The research hypotheses have been formulated to verify the relationship and are analysed. The results of the study indicated that the usage of ISM is very powerful to establish structural relationship between sustainable manufacturing enablers and there exist structural relationship between the enablers.

To overcome the challenge of upcycling plastic waste into 3D printing filament in the distributed recycling and additive manufacturing systems, this study designs, builds, tests and validates an open source filament diameter sensor for recycling and winding machines. The modular system for multi-axis optical control of the diameter of the recycled 3D-printer filament makes it possible to scan part of the surface of the 1 Corresponding author

The adoption of cleaner production systems potentially reduces the risk of hazard in work environments, improves the environmental management performance as well as streamlining the sustainability in manufacturing operations. However, failure to identify and understand the challenges in implementing this practice may cause the implementation process becomes less efficient. The literatures showed that the requirement to balance four key challenges, namely economic performance, legislation compliance, psychological concern and social responsiveness can enhance the adaptation process of cleaner production system. The ability to detect and understanding every challenge identified is very crucial, primarily to set better focus and strategic planning on getting the optimum benefits, as well as improve the environmental performance in revolutionising sustainable manufacturing practice.

Cleaner Production (CP) is recognised as one of the best practice in dealing with environmental issues. The execution of CP can be realised by integrating the environmental  management system with the technology through a proper translational process ranging from low or no cost solutions to
high cost of investment. From the literature, eight keys element of the translational process have been identified. Discussion and exploration on each element were found to have direct and indirect effects of each other’s in the entire manufacturing process. Further examination showed that the proper
execution of translational process have a major impact in improving environmental performance while creating more sustainable production systems. The findings from this paper can serve as a guideline for the manufacturers to develop an effective’s actions and strategies for the successful
execution of CP and thus meet the requirements of global environmental management practice.

Green manufacturing has been a major concern in recent years. As product lifecycle management strategies embrace sustainability within its spectrum of multi-disciplinary efforts, it has become crucial that manufacturing companies have the ability to exchange product and process related data with emphasis on sustainability not only amongst its internal information systems like CAD, CAPP and ERP, but also throughout their supply chain and other stakeholders. Industry demands solutions for interoperability between heterogeneous systems that can account for the necessary semantics in order to establish seamless, unambiguous information sharing of data from a product’s cradle to its grave. One of the most promising approaches to overcome these issues is the use of ontologies that serve as interlingua, for translating between local data structures. The present research proposes an ontology that relates sustainability terms to product and process data entities through semantic ties.