Urn

Zoothamnium niveum (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831) Ehrenberg, 1838, a colonial, sessile representative of the Peritrichida (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora) from the mangrove channels of Twin Cays (Belize Barrier Reef, Caribbean Sea), is remarkable for an obligatory association with ectosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic bacteria. The ultrastructure of the host and the symbiont is investigated by means of low-temperature and conventional scanning electron microscopy, thin section and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. The cortex, the main interface between host and symbiont, differs from the general pattern found in other peritrichs only in having special inclusions of unknown nature and function in the pellicular alveoli. The stationary microzooids and the swarming macrozooids have a fully developed oral ciliature, similar to other peritrichs. The cytopharynx in the macrozooids is highly reduced and no food vacuoles have been detected. Two morphotypes of bacteria, different in size and shape, are present on different parts of the colony and are assumed to represent only one species. The ultrastructural features resemble those of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The microzooids feed on bacteria whose size, shape, and ultrastructure is similar to their symbionts. This supports the assumption that Z. niveum gains at least part of its nutrition from chemoautotrophic bacteria.

Five Early Bronze Age cemeteries were uncovered in counties Kildare and Carlow between 1933 and 1959. A minimum of 22 gravescontained a minimum of 34 individuals: 26 were inhumed and 8 were cremated. The graves also contained fifteen bowls, two vases, two vase urns, three encrusted urns, an unidentified
food vessel and an unidentified vessel. The non-pottery ceramic finds consisted of two toggles and a plano-convex knife. Accounts of the cemeteries are provided, along with a human palaeopathological report by Laureen Buckley and radiocarbon dates.

An urn contains balls of d colors. At each time, a ball is drawn and then replaced together with a random number of balls of the same color. Assuming that some colors are dominated by others, we prove central limit theorems. Some statistical applications are discussed.

La urna de orejetas perforadas es uno de los recipientes más característicos de la alfarería ibéri-ca, que se encuadra cronológicamente entre mediados del siglo VI y finales del IV/primera mitad del III aproxi-madamente, pese a que se han hallado ejemplares datados incluso en el siglo I a.C. La realización de un nuevomapa de dispersión actualiza los anteriormente elaborados, ampliando considerablemente el repertorio cerámi-co conocido hasta la actualidad. Además, tiene como objetivo aportar nuevas consideraciones a escala general en torno a su morfología, cronología, origen y usos, desde el SO peninsular hasta el Languedoc francés por lacosta mediterránea, y por el interior hasta las dos mesetas. La presencia de esta forma en núcleos de hábitat es predominante respecto a los recintos funerarios, pese a que en estos últimos es donde se han hallado un mayornúmero de piezas.

A multitype urn scheme with random replacements is considered. Each time a ball is picked, another ball is added, and its type is chosen according to the transition probabilities of a reducible Markov chain. The vector of frequencies is shown to converge almost surely to a random element of the set of stationary measures of the Markov chain. Its probability distribution is characterized as the solution to a fixed point problem. It is proved to be Dirichlet in the particular case of a single transient state to which no return is possible. This is no longer the case, however, as soon as returns to transient states are allowed.

Presentamos en este trabajo una nueva urna de piedra de clara raigambre ibérica, provista de una elaborada decoración pintada. El estado fragmentario de la misma impide reconstruir la caja aunque lo más significativo del conjunto son las escenas reproducidas en sus caras, de las que hacemos un análisis detenido, y que nos informan sobre las creencias y las concepciones ibéricas del traspaso al Más Allá.

The text points out several imprecise and incomplete data used in the introduction to the cited work, and thus questions the certainty of the presented conclusions. The author bases his arguments on a recent comprehensive analysis of the LC burial site in Slatinky-"Nivky" (Prichystal M. 2003) during which the "discovery" of field diaries written by A. Gottwald, K. Dobes and F. Trcala have allowed us to create the first reconstruction of the history of excavations, collect descriptions of uncovered graves, and create a catalogue of all preserved inventory. The work contains, first of all, a detailed summary of newly found information on the history, site and extent of excavation works that the arriving Celts (phase VII) apparently dominated the representatives of late Lusatian culture both politically and economically. In this theory, both groups thus continued to bury their dead at a common burial site for the entire duration of the LT B phase, according to their individual rites and customs, and the local population only gradually adopted certain new elements until finally succumbing to latenisation (Gedl 1979, 62-67, 71-72; 1985, 47-48). Recently, however, H. Parzinger (1993, 510) showed that there exists a certain interval between phases VI (Lusatian) and VII (La Tene) of the Kietrz necropolis, and that it is thus necessary to shift the conclusion of the LC in Upper Silesia to the end of the LT A phase as well, or no later than the beginning of the LT B 1 phase. We are currently not aware of any documentation showing the survival of LC in central and northern Moravia (and in neighbouring parts of Silesia) deep into the La Tene period; there thus remains a somewhat provocative question: to what extent can the early La Tene development in this region still be connected with Lusatian culture?.

O conceito de repositórios digitais distribuídos e interoperáveis - sejam eles bibliotecas ou arquivos digitais - para ser viável, depende fortemente de uma infra-estrutura de identificação persistente e da confiabilidade do esquema de links entre recursos informacionais distintos, porém relacionados, de forma a assegurar ao usuário o acesso contínuo e conveniente aos conteúdos digitais. Neste trabalho, descreve-se o atual estado da arte da identificação persistente na Internet e da vinculação por links, tendo como foco a interoperabilidade das bibliotecas digitais de arquitetura aberta. Contrastam-se as diversas abordagens e analisam-se os mais importantes esquemas e o relacionamento entre eles: URN, PURL, DOI, CrossRef, Handle System and OpenURL.