Valley

When it comes to business prospects, all organizations try to implement effective marketing mix strategies to ensure consistent operations. While these strategic approaches help a business sustain product development procedures, it also inflicts a humongous impact on issues concerning product development and promotion. In terms of global marketing, most multinational companies and retail firms aim to implement sustainable marketing mix strategies to build and expand their products or services to grab a considerable portion of foreign market share. This not only helps them to generate the desired revenues but also helps a business to enhance its customer base in the target market. This in turn escalates the eminence of the organizational reputation in the host market. However, this paper aims to examine the implications of marketing mix strategies on the product development issues in MNCs and/or retail industries. Through extensive literature mining from previous studies, this paper ...

To detect soil changes related to vegetation and fertility restoration in a long fallow agricultural system of the Venezuelan Andes, 32 soil (A horizon, 0–15cm depth) and litter characteristics were studied in plots at different stages of the fallow-cultivation cycle. Four sectors of the valley were sampled, each one including seven plots: recently ploughed after a long fallow period; 1

Military diplomacy is increasingly relied on in the management of intra state conflicts globally. Far more common and controversial is the issue of combat troops to help end fighting in an intractable conflict. The Horn of Africa is an epitome of intractable regional intrastate conflicts   that have attracted international, regional and even individual state military and humanitarian intervention since the 1970s. The Somalia and Sudan crises provide typical examples in which such efforts have been witnessed yet they also provide a case study of successful military diplomacy by African states in states engaged in protracted intra-state conflicts. This study was conceived to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of the use of military diplomacy in intrastate conflict management in the Horn of Africa. The study was located in the rational logic theory. It was carried out among peace groups and individuals who had participated in peace processes in the Horn of Africa. These were loc...

Spring water is the main source of water providing life in the mountain region. Spring is the natural sources of ground water. Due to human and industrial activities this ground water is contaminated. This is very serious problems now a day. The analysis of water quality is very important to preserve and perfect the natural eco system. Physicochemical characteristics of spring water and some river water in dehradun city by taking water samples from 13 different stations. The study was carried out by collecting 10 spring water samples and 3 river water sample during April 2015 to May 2015. The results were compared with standards prescribed by ISI 10500-2012. Total 16 parameters were analysed. It was found that all spring water samples location is below the permissible limit of IS 10500:2012 were some of locations are above the acceptable limit.

Knowing that all failures prepare people for different and more beautiful things rather than being obstacles, and seeing the failure process as an adventure will be the only approach that will bring a person to ultimate success. Marketing has always been an important determinant for companies. There were certain eras which devided marketing techniques to a timeline. During the production period, which was dominating the global system after industrial revolution, marketing methods were simple. Firms were providing the product which consumer needs, so during that time consumer did not have multiple choices but with the competition involved in the equation and with wider product range, consumer changed his position and became the one who chooses the product.  We researched on  trademarks, market positioning, brand’s ınnovation, successful innovators, brand management, market segmentation in this article.

The coronavirus pandemic has turned the aviation industry on its head, transforming the passenger experience drastically. The airlines have faced significant challenges due to both the Covid-19 pandemic, the sequence of lockdowns and the provisions of safety and security legislation. There is more concern about the growing feeling that passengers are aware of the level of service. Airlines not only need to focus on service quality in today's highly competitive air transport environment, but also need to focus more on safety and security issues, especially at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research related to these dimensional studies becomes more important in the COVID-19 scenario. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of service quality dimensions on the overall quality of service of domestic airlines in Nepal in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive and explanatory research design was adopted in the...

Most high school graduates in the Philippines immediately enrolled in college after summer vacation. On the other hand, not everyone is cut out for the collegiate life following high school. For some, the school has become a chore or a source of frustration. Others haven't found it to their liking. A sabbatical before going back to school full-time may be an option for those who have completed their degree. Because of financial constraints, some high school graduates opt to work rather than complete their education. This study aims to ascertain the extent to which manifestations affect senior high school graduates' perceived skills and employability. This study surveyed 324 senior high school graduates from San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to identify significant predictors of the employability of SHS graduates. The findings indicate that respondents showed a high manifestation of cognitive, technical, and emotional skills. Simil...

Most high school graduates in the Philippines immediately enrolled in college after summer vacation. On the other hand, not everyone is cut out for the collegiate life following high school. For some, the school has become a chore or a source of frustration. Others haven't found it to their liking. A sabbatical before going back to school full-time may be an option for those who have completed their degree. Because of financial constraints, some high school graduates opt to work rather than complete their education. This study aims to ascertain the extent to which manifestations affect senior high school graduates' perceived skills and employability. This study surveyed 324 senior high school graduates from San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to identify significant predictors of the employability of SHS graduates. The findings indicate that respondents showed a high manifestation of cognitive, technical, and emotional skills. Simil...

Analyzed together with a high amount of historical data, old maps can provide a rich geographical content that could solve some problems of settlement dynamics and toponymy. This study aims to highlight the evolutionary stages of the Teleajen Valley as a separate economic and social entity as they emerge from internal cartographic material, especially the maps made by foreign cartographers from the beginning of the sixteenth century until the late nineteenth century. At the same time, the study aims to focus on the usefulness of several maps less known and rarely employed in human settlement. (article in romanian)

La tara Caesalpinia spinosa Mol., espèce multi-usage traditionnellement utilisée par les populations rurales au Pérou, fait l'objet depuis une dizaine d'années d'une attention particulière pour ses gousses, riches en tanins, et ses graines valorisées comme gomme dans l'industrie alimentaire. Cette espèce est présente dans plusieurs pays andins, mais son aire principale se situe au Pérou. La typologie de la ressource naturelle montre que l'essentiel des surfaces et de la production est constitué par différents systèmes agroforestiers (haies vives, cultures associées, arbres isolés). Les forêts naturelles sont des reliques le plus souvent en mélange avec d'autres essences. Enfin, les plantations (paysannes ou industrielles) ne représentent encore qu'une très faible partie des surfaces ; mais cela évolue assez rapidement, compte tenu des prix actuels des gousses, très attractifs pour les producteurs. La filière est très organisée, mais pour l'essentiel i...

The purpose of this paper is to study components of a theoretical Enterprise Data Warehouse within the context of a higher education environment.  The reason for such an implementation would give users at all levels of the university an integrated, secure and consistent data source from which they could report on and set their business needs more efficiently than possible without one

Disruptions carried out by digital startups show a big role of technology-based competencies and  innovations. In fact, both are the results of organizational learning. This paper explores a conceptual framework that links organizational learning with performance through competency development and innovation in Indonesian digital startups. A combination of literature studies on organizational learning and some previous research compared with a number of factual conditions of digital startups in Indonesia, resulting in intended conceptual framework. The authors managed to place technology as a prominent element in each of the proposed variables forming a conceptual framework that links organizational learning with digital startup performance. This conceptual study does not compare the concepts of organizational learning and individual learning in digital startups. Supporting facts used in this study are multi-sector digital startups. So this conceptual framework could be different if...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate framework of 5S quality management for university ecosystem to achieve green campus. The main elements in 5S quality management are sort (seiri), set in order (seiton), shine (seiso), standardize (seiketsu), and sustain (shitsuke). The 5S quality improvement method is defined as a methodology that results in a workplace that is clean, uncluttered, safe, and well organized to help reduce waste and optimize productivity. It's designed to help build a quality work environment, both physically and mentally. The function of 5S method is to improve process efficiency and safety, reduces waste, prevents errors and defects. This paper focuses on implementation of 5S in university environment that mainly on areas of education system, finance management, man power arrangement, energy saving operation and building maintenance. In the same time, this paper propose evaluation of green 5S quality management in considering effect to environmental issu...

The study aims to find out and analyze the relationship between employee engagement, organizational culture, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and employee performance. The author administered 224 participants employee engagement scale, organizational culture scale, OCB scale, and employee performance scale in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan East Java area. The data is analyzed by path analysis method in SPSS program. The result indicated that employee engagement and organizational culture affects positive significantly on OCB. Employee engagement, organizational culture and OCB also affects positive significantly on employee performance.

Objectives: To explore unique characteristics of HPV related oral malignant and premalignant lesions and to describe role of dental surgeons in prevention of this viralinduced carcinogenesis. Methods: Extensive literature search was conducted to identify articles detailing HPV associated diseases. Data collected were categorised under relevant titles of clinical interest. Results: Peculiarities of HPV linked cancers in head and neck include its different mode of transmission, younger age distribution, irrelevant habit history, good treatment response, better survival rates, less chance of local recurrence and low distant metastasis. Conclusions: The most distinguishing feature of HPV related head and neck cancers is that it is vaccine preventable. Dental surgeons have got an influential role in creating patient awareness regarding this emerging epidemic. The article advocate further research in this regard. Key Message: The carcinogenic potential of Human papilloma virus has been an...

Many fruit and nut crops require cold temperatures in winter to break dormancy. Quantifying this chilling requirement and selecting appropriate cultivars for the climate of a growing region is crucial for successful cultivation of such crops. Several models exist to quantify winter chill, and each growing region uses a model that has been shown to perform well under local climatic conditions. We tested the sensitivity of four commonly used chilling models to projected climatic change likely to affect fruit and nut production in the near future.For six sites in California's Central Valley, we generated 100 years of synthetic hourly weather records, representing climatic conditions in 1950, 2000 and projected temperatures in 2041–2060 derived from three IPCC-AR4 General Circulation Models (GCMs; CSIRO, HadCM3 and MIROC; A2 greenhouse gas emissions scenario). Mean winter chill for each site and year was calculated using the Chilling Hours, Utah, Positive Utah and Dynamic models.All chilling models predicted substantial decreases in winter chill at all sites, but the extent of these decreases varied depending on the model used. Across all sites between 1950 and 2050, mean chilling was predicted to decrease by 33% (Chilling Hours), 26% (Utah Model), 16% (Dynamic Model) and 14% (Positive Utah Model).Research efforts are needed to identify the most appropriate chilling model for preparing fruit and nut growers for the imminent effects of climate change.

In this article, we look at recent developments in the Bangladesh garment industry on the issue of efficiency and productivity. First, we were looking for new ideas. How are companies trying to improve their efficiency? Then, we were trying to see if there was a relationship between a companies’ (x) efficiency and cost-saving (a) and increased revenue (y). Of course, intuitively, we would all hypothesise that there must be some relationship between efficiency and reduction of cost of manufacturing and ultimately increased revenue. Further, we would all probably hypothesise that the slope of the function describing that relationship must be significantly higher than zero. Nevertheless, we tried to document the connection so that companies can believe it and give it more attention. Theoretical relationships are one of the weakest ways to try to persuade CEOs of the existence of anything. Show them the numbers, only then they will agree. This paper is an attempt to persuade a readymade...

Surface scanning magnetic susceptibility, microscopic charcoal counting and pollen analysis have been carried out on two cores from the lower Doubs valley. The interpretation of anthropogenic pollen indicators is discussed in relation to the lithological variations of sedimentary accumulation. The environmental changes which occurred during the 1st and the 6th century AD reflect the impact of human activities on the landscape in the immediate surroundings of the site. Magnetic susceptibility and pollen analysis indicate soil erosion as a consequence of agricultural activity. A renewal of hydric activity of the river recorded in the sedimentary sequences attests of a larger environmental evolution during the 3rd century AD.Une mesure de la susceptibilité magnétique, une étude du contenu pollinique et des débris carbonisés ont été réalisées sur deux séquences sédimentaires prélevées dans la basse vallée du Doubs (Jura). La susceptibilité magnétique et la lithostratigraphie sont discutées en relation avec les indices polliniques d'anthropisation. Il apparaît alors que l'histoire environnementale enregistrée est extrêmement locale durant les phases d'anthropisation reconnues aux Ier et VIe siècles après J.-C. La susceptibilité magnétique, corrélée aux indices polliniques d'anthropisation, apparaît comme un marqueur de l'érosion des sols, consécutive aux pratiques agricoles. Une phase de reprise de l'activité hydrique de la rivière, mise en évidence au IIIe siècle après J.-C., fournit une image plus large de l'évolution environnementale.

Cyber ​​counseling is one of the counseling technologies that follows the development of the technological age. Currently, many counseling students do not understand how to use zoom meet-based cyber counseling in conducting group counseling services, so it is necessary to provide training to students in advance how to implement counseling technology with the zoom meet-based cyber counseling method. This research uses the cyber method counseling based on zoom meet with qualitative descriptive technique. Data collection methods were taken from primary data and secondary data. Primary sources are sources that provide data directly from first-hand or original sources. In this study, the main source referred to is guidance and counseling journals about online counseling. Secondary sources are sources taken from other sources that are not obtained from primary sources. In this study, the secondary sources questioned were other books related to the subject matter. The population in this st...

Efforts aimed at improving regional water management are often frustrated due to the paucity of reliable and consistent information. This paper assesses the scope for remote sensing information, freely available on the Internet, to help water managers in obtaining reliable and consistent information at large (sub) system level. In the Ferghana province of Uzbekistan, belonging to the Syr-Darya river basin, water is managed across administrative units rather than along hydrological boundaries (the basin approach). Using recent ...

The Fort Valley Experiment Station (now Fort Valley Experimental Forest) has contributed many long-term studies to forest research. This paper focuses on a “Methods of Cutting” study initiated in 1913 on the Coulter Ranch Unit of Fort Valley and how that long-term study yielded important ecological and management lessons. We quantified the historical and contemporary forest patterns at this ponderosa pine–Gambel oak site, which was harvested using three different harvesting systems in 1913 (seed tree, group selection, and light selection) and was partially excluded from livestock browsing in 1919. Using nine historically stem-mapped permanent plots for the following three stand structural scenarios: 1913 pre-harvest (modeled), post-harvest (actual), and 2003–2006 (actual) conditions, we examined the short- and long-term consequences of harvest and livestock grazing land-use and stand dynamics. We assessed changes in spatial pattern under each harvesting system and in each structural scenario, and lastly, we examined spatial and temporal tree recruitment patterns as observed in the contemporary (2003–2006) conditions. The seed tree harvests effectively converted the spatial patterns from aggregated to random and left few trees, while the group selection and light selection had varying effects, but consistently exaggerated the spatial patchiness of the stand. By 2003–2006, all plots were aggregated at all scales and were one large patch of predominately small trees. Sites that were harvested, but excluded from livestock browsing had 40% more trees in 2003–2006. Contemporary recruitment patterns were significantly aggregated under all harvesting systems, but were most strongly aggregated if the site received a group selection or light selection cut. For group and light selection, pine seedlings initially established in stump patches created by harvesting and then proceeded to fill-in the remaining area, with recruitment rarely found under the residual pine or oak trees. Long-term data sets, such as these established by the Fort Valley Experimental Forest in 1913, are essential for quantifying the impact of historical land-use practices on contemporary forest composition and structure. Ignoring land-use legacies may lead to the misinterpretation of stand dynamics and development, and therefore should be explicitly quantified and incorporated into future management and restoration activities.

Landscape characteristics and social behavior can affect the foraging patterns of seed-dependent animals. We examine the movement of acorns from valley oak (Quercus lobata) trees to granaries maintained by acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) in two California oak savanna-woodlands differing in the distribution of Q. lobata within each site. In 2004, we sampled Q. lobata acorns from 16 granaries at Sedgwick Reserve in Santa Barbara County and 18 granaries at Hastings Reserve in Monterey County. Sedgwick has lower site-wide density of Q. lobata than Hastings as well as different frequencies of other Quercus species common to both sites. We found acorn woodpeckers foraged from fewer Q. lobata seed source trees (K g = 4.1 ± 0.5) at Sedgwick than at Hastings (K g = 7.6 ± 0.6) and from fewer effective seed sources (N em* = 2.00 and 5.78, respectively). The differences between sites are due to a greater number of incidental seed sources used per granary at Hastings than at Sedgwick. We also found very low levels of seed source sharing between adjacent granaries, indicating that territoriality is strong at both sites and that each social group forages on its own subset of trees. We discovered an interesting spatial pattern in the location of granaries. At Sedgwick, acorn woodpeckers situated their granaries within areas of higher-than-average tree density, while at Hastings, they placed them within areas of lower-than-average tree density, with the outcome that granaries at the two sites were located in areas of similar valley oak density. Our results illustrate that landscape characteristics might influence the number of trees visited by acorn woodpeckers and the locations of territories, while woodpecker social behavior, such as territoriality, shapes which trees are visited and whether they are shared with other social groups.