Vaping

The past few weeks witnessed the death of a few people who were smoking electronic cigarettes (ECs) in the United States. Deaths included different age groups, including middle-aged individuals. One of them was a 50‑year‑old woman who had a history of health problems. She became seriously ill shortly after she started using EC and her symptoms progressed rapidly. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments are investigating this outbreak; however, no definitive cause could be found.

BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) electrically heat and vaporize e-liquids to produce inhalable vapors. These devices are being used to inhale vapors produced by dripping e-liquids directly onto heated atomizers. The current study conducts the first evaluation of the prevalence rates and reasons for using e-cigarettes for dripping among high school students. METHODS: In the spring of 2015, students from 8 Connecticut high schools (n = 7045) completed anonymous surveys that examined tobacco use behaviors and perceptions. We assessed prevalence rates of ever using e-cigarettes for dripping, reasons for dripping, and predictors of dripping behaviors among those who reported ever use of e-cigarettes. RESULTS: Among 1080 ever e-cigarette users, 26.1% of students reported ever using e-cigarettes for dripping. Reasons for dripping included produced thicker clouds of vapor (63.5%), made flavors taste better (38.7%), produced a stronger throat hit (27.7%), curiosity (21.6%), a...

US tobacco control policies to reduce cigarette use have been effective, but their impact has been relatively slow. This study considers a strategy of switching cigarette smokers to e-cigarette use ('vaping') in the USA to accelerate tobacco control progress. A Status Quo Scenario, developed to project smoking rates and health outcomes in the absence of vaping, is compared with Substitution models, whereby cigarette use is largely replaced by vaping over a 10-year period. We test an Optimistic and a Pessimistic Scenario, differing in terms of the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes and the impact on overall initiation, cessation and switching. Projected mortality outcomes by age and sex under the Status Quo and E-Cigarette Substitution Scenarios are compared from 2016 to 2100 to determine public health impacts. Compared with the Status Quo, replacement of cigarette by e-cigarette use over a 10-year period yields 6.6 million fewer premature deaths with 86....

The development of e-cigarettes was initially hailed as a resource in facilitating a reduction in or cessation of cigarette smoking. Many users of e-cigarettes are ‘dual users’, smoking traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The present qualitative study examines the factors that a group of 20 dual users considered to have been influential in their decisions to use e-cigarettes and their comparative evaluations of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. Health concerns were not found to be sole motivators. Participants pointed to financial and contextual considerations, particularly peer influence on uptake and continued usage of e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes were evaluated as comparable to cigarettes in some ways but not in other important respects such as sensation and satisfaction. Different social evaluations of cigarette and e-cigarette usage were discerned which influenced how participants identified as smokers, ‘vapers’ or neither. Findings are discussed in relation to social...

The tobacco industry worldwide has annual revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars, and annual smoking-associated death rates in the millions. Electronic cigarettes appear to be a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco products, allowing users to inhale nicotine, without consuming the products of burning tobacco (thus significantly lowering health risks). These and similar innovative solutions (like heat-not-burn) have a potentially disruptive impact on existing markets. Both newcomers and established cigarette firms have been active around these alternatives. However, there is debate around the health implications of such products, and in 2019 much alarm around a lung disease associated with vaping. As a result, most countries and international institutions, including the World Health Organization, have adopted negative attitudes towards electronic cigarettes. Do e-cigarettes represent a Trojan Horse that will undermine tobacco control efforts-or are they an effective way to wean users away from cigarettes thus opening the way towards a better future? This paper outlines estimates of the future health impacts of cigarette and e-cigarette use, and considers the broader issues surrounding this potentially disruptive innovation. It points to areas requiring further research and suggests how Foresight studies might address the topic.

Background: The Philippines has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates in Southeast Asia. Tobacco prevention and control efforts should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. One of the most recent and highly marketed way of cutting down smoking is the use of E-cigarettes. But its use may also have potential harmful effects which would be similar to cigarette smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors predicting electronic cigarette use among adults in a large metropolitan area in the Philippines. Methods:The study used a descriptive-correlational multivariate research design. Adults who are at least 18 years of age, who are electronic cigarettes users, dual users (electronic cigarette and cigarette users), and non-smokers were chosen for this study. The researchers utilized a researcher- made questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in gathering the data. Results: Multiple regression analysis suggests that positive attitude and high perceived b...

Epidemiological evidence demonstrates an increase in acute lung injury associated with electronic cigarettes use (vaping) in North America (excluding Alaska) over the past several months. The cause (etiological agent) and mechanism of vaping-associated acute lung injury remains to be determined. Electronic cigarettes are predominately made using iron alloy-vaping coils (with varying iron content), which aerosolize electronic cigarette liquid via heating. Recent evidence demonstrated significantly elevated levels of iron in electronic cigarette/vape tanks and aerosols, suggesting lung exposure to iron in individuals that use electronic cigarettes/vapes. Pathological analysis of lung tissues from patients with acute lung disease following use of electronic cigarettes/vapes, demonstrated that the lung damage resembles "chemical burns", which was associated with the presence of brown and black pigmented particles in foamy-lung macrophages. In this publication, it is proposed that the brown pigmented particles in foamy-lung macrophages is ferric iron in ferritin (hemosiderin), which results in a brownish pigmentation in tissues. It is also proposed that the black particles in the foamy-lung macrophages are iron oxides, such as magnetite-a black rock mineral. A novel hypothesis is proposed in which iron in electronic cigarettes/vapes aerosols are deposited in the lungs via inhalation, and converted to iron oxides via highly exothermic oxidation, resulting in chemical burns. This publication proposes that oxidation of iron to iron oxides in the lungs of North Americans is mediated via very low frequency (radio)-electromagnetic waves emanating from the lithosphere in North America. Consistent with this hypothesis, the magnetic field of the lithosphere is predominantly induced by iron oxides (such as magnetite) in the Earth's crust, and recent evidence demonstrates that the lithosphere magnetic field of North America (excluding Alaska) is currently exhibiting increasing excitation compared to Western Europe, which has similarly high levels of electronic cigarette/vape users. Consequently, the current dynamics of the lithosphere magnetic field reconciles the spatiotemporal epidemiology of vaping-associated acute lung injury. Per the current dynamics of the lithosphere magnetic field, this publication predicts that the current wave of vaping-associated lung injury will continue to rapidly decay, and re-emerge in the coming years with similar oscillatory temporal dynamics and geographic restriction to North America (excluding Alaska). This publication predicts that Perls' Prussian blue dye staining of lung sections from patients with vaping-associated acute lung injury will detect the presence of iron (ferric ions) in the lung. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscopy examination of the injured lung tissues will detect various iron oxides species.

Background and aims
The rapid increase in use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has created an international policy dilemma concerning how to use these products. This study assesses the types of beliefs that e-cigarette users in the UK may hold concerning regulation.
Design
Qualitative thematic analysis of written answers to open-ended questions.
Setting
UK, questionnaire conducted by post, 44% recruited from online forums/56% non-online.
Participants
Fifty-five UK vapers, 55% male, mean age 46, 84% sole users of e-cigarettes, 95% vaping daily.
Measurements
Open-ended questions on regulatory and policy options.
Findings
‘Protecting youth’ was seen as a fundamental regulatory requirement which should be achieved through childproofing, age limits, no advertising aimed at children and health warnings about addictiveness of nicotine, but not the restriction of flavours. There was little support for regulating e-cigarettes as medicines or limiting the strength of nicotine liquids. In terms of public use, participants argued against a blanket ban on public vaping given perceptions of a lack of scientific evidence of harm. However, they supported the principle of autonomy, that individuals and organizations have the right to restrict vaping. Some participants suggested banning vaping in places such as schools, hospitals or around food, in line with current smoking norms. Vapers’ regulatory positions were accompanied by political concerns about the use (and misuse) of scientific evidence.
Conclusions
With regard to regulation of e-cigarettes, issues that are salient to UK vapers may include the need for youth protection, regulation as medicines, strength of e-liquids, bans on public vaping and concerns about the misuse of scientific evidence.

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify and differentiate socially shared accounts of e-cigarette use (vaping) using Q-methodology, combining factor analysis with qualitative comments.
Methods: Seventy statements on e-cigarettes, drawn from media, academic and online discussions, were sorted by participants along a continuum of agreement/disagreement, commenting on strongly ranked items. Each participant thus created their own ‘account’ of their vaping. A by-person correlation matrix of the sorts was conducted, then factor analysed, to identify similar accounts (p<0.01). Fifty-five UK vapers participated by post, 55% male, mean age of 46, 84% only vaping/16% vaping and smoking, 95% vaping daily.
Results: Three accounts of e-cigarettes were identified. The first two were associated with having quit smoking; the third with ongoing tobacco smoking and vaping. In Factor One, ‘Vaping as Pleasure’, vaping was characterized as enjoyable, with long-term use envisaged and a medical model of vaping rejected. Factor One participants also held a strong vaping identity and were politically motivated to maintain the rights of adults to vape. In Factor Two, ‘Vaping as Medical Treatment’, vaping was understood as a pragmatic choice about how to medicate one’s smoking addiction, with the aim being to treat and ultimately reduce nicotine dependence. In Factor Three, ‘Ambivalent E-Cigarette Use’, participants reported fewer benefits and harboured more negative beliefs about e-cigarettes; they also strongly rejected a vaper identity, having no interest in online forums or being labelled a ‘vaper’ themselves.
Conclusion: The UK e-cigarette users in this sample were not a homogeneous group; differing in their beliefs, motivations for use, identity and political interest. In particular they diverged on whether they accepted a medicalized account of vaping and identified as a vaper. Public health messages targeted to one group of e-cigarette users may not resonate with others.

The popularity of e-cigarettes has soared over the last decade. At the last count, over three million adults use e-cigarettes in the UK. Such spurt in popularity has to do with these cigarettes being a less harmful and viable alternative to conventional tobacco based cigarettes.

NM, Jamalludin AR, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users among Malaysian current and ex-smokers. Abstract Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are new devices that have been accepted widely by both smokers and non-smokers. However, the evidence on EC used in Malaysia is scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of EC use and the socio-demographic and smoking characteristics associated with current EC use among Malaysian current and ex-smokers. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of data from a cross-sectional, national-population-based EC study conducted from May to June in 2016 in Malaysia. A detailed description of the sampling methods can be found in the National E-cigarette Survey (NECS) 2016 report. Briefly, data were obtained from 1396 individuals who had ever been smokers, i.e., 957 (68.6%) current smokers and 439 (31.4%) ex-smokers. Results: Current EC use was found predominantly among current smokers (8.0%) as compared with ex-smokers (4.3%). Among current smokers, the main reasons given for smoking ECs were wanting to try it (44.7%), followed by intention to quit tobacco smoking (15.8%) and to reduce tobacco smoking (10.5%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that among current smokers, current EC users were more likely to be younger, i.e., 18-44 years (aOR= 4.83, 95% CI= 1.97-11.86, p=0.001), urban residents (aOR= 1.89, 95% CI= 1.15-3.11, p=0.012), single/ divorced/ widowed (aOR= 2.11, 95% CI= 1.24-3.61, p=0.006) and students (aOR= 2.25, 95% CI= 1.01-5.01, p=0.048). Among ex-smokers, only younger respondents (18-44 years old) was reported as being more likely to be current EC users (aOR= 3.81, 95% CI= 1.14-12.76, p=0.030). Conclusion: This study showed that currently using and ever having used ECs were more prevalent among current smokers. The reasons given for initiating EC use among current smokers were mainly wanting to try it, followed by intention to quit and to reduce tobacco smoking. Current EC use appears to be common among current smokers who are younger, urban residents, single/divorced/widowed and students. Therefore, EC cessation intervention strategies and policies should target these high-prevalence groups.

Objective
This article examines one key aspect of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) Institute’s forthcoming third iteration of the Adolescent Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI-A3). Overall project aims were to revise the second version of the adolescent SASSI (SASSI-A2), and to update new symptom-related identifiers of substance use disorders in adolescents according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) guidelines.
Methods
We added new questions regarding cannabidiol (CBD) edible consumption and the extent of vaping to review and subsequently address these dangers in teens. Identifying these patterns will inevitably direct the course of subsequent clinical interviews and treatment planning. Early intervention is a critical component towards preventing possible negative outcomes for substance misusing teens.
Results
This aspect of the research demonstrated a connection between a higher acknowledged usage pattern of teens in treatment versus teens not in treatment. Correlations between beliefs associated with marijuana legalization, marijuana usage by family and friends, tobacco use, connection between age at first use, and the onset of regular usage patterns were also shown to be significantly higher among teens in treatment.
Conclusions
Teens that begin using alcohol, drugs, and tobacco early in adolescence are more likely to engage in vaping and edible usage. They are also more likely to use at a more frequent rate. In addition, teens who are surrounded by family and friends who engage in marijuana use are more likely to be supportive of its recreational use and legalization. This acknowledged information on the SASSI-A3 can help direct treatment planning early in the counseling relationship and provide a gateway for bringing family in the treatment and education process.

OBJECTIVE:  Vaping has been marketed as a “safe” or “safer” alternative to smoking.  It has become a very lucrative market and has experienced a surge of interest, especially among the younger generations.  There are many who theorize that there is a health benefit in switching from smoking to vaping, and numerous studies seem to corroborated this.  However, few studies have gone into any depth on the possible harmful effects that vaping can have on individuals.  This paper reviews three studies that were designed to analyze the possible harmful effects of vaping.

DESIGN: Case based, multi-study review of three randomized control trials.

METHODS:  Keyword searches performed in Scopus, TRIP Database, and PubMed to find up-to-date information and clinical trials.

RESULTS: Review of three randomized control trials reveals that at present there is still not sufficient information to determine the unique harms and health risks posed by vaping.  Present evidence, at best, is inconclusive.

The implementation of the smoking ban in Ireland has been championed as one of the major achievements of public health policy. Studies on the smoking ban have predominantly been undertaken from a public health perspective and have pointed out the associated health benefits of the ban, especially in terms of the reduction of secondhand smoking. While the rationale for the smoking ban was founded on health and medical reasons, this paper contends that going beyond health concerns, a collective process which drew upon notions of progress, purity and order was central to the introduction and successful implementation of the smoking ban. The relevance of discourses around the ''civilized self'' in tobacco control is also discussed in the context of recent debates over the use and regulation of electronic cigarettes in public spaces.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are growing in popularity among young smokers in France seeking to reduce tobacco-induced harms without abandoning the small everyday pleasures and social relationships that unfold around smoking. But e-cigarettes raise ideological challenges: The World Health Organization and the French Agency for Safety of Medicine and Health Products (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament) have denied e-cigarettes the status of pharmaceutical substitution products in the cessation of smoking, while their possibilities for pleasure are seen as a threat by France’s public health council, the Haut Conseil de Santé Public. This paper discusses how different actors (policy makers, tobacco companies, and users themselves) have embraced this new technology. I argue that e-cigarettes have become a valued form of substitution precisely because they provide occasions for social bonding, gustatory pleasure, and the non-medicalized management of health with endless possibilities for individualized tailoring.

Public perceptions of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) remain poorly understood because surveys are too costly to regularly implement and, when implemented, there are long delays between data collection and dissemination. Search query surveillance has bridged some of these gaps. Herein, ENDS&#39; popularity in the U.S. is reassessed using Google searches. ENDS searches originating in the U.S. from January 2009 through January 2015 were disaggregated by terms focused on e-cigarette (e.g., e-cig) versus vaping (e.g., vapers); their geolocation (e.g., state); the aggregate tobacco control measures corresponding to their geolocation (e.g., clean indoor air laws); and by terms that indicated the searcher&#39;s potential interest (e.g., buy e-cigs likely indicates shopping)-all analyzed in 2015. ENDS searches are rapidly increasing in the U.S., with 8,498,000 searches during 2014 alone. Increasingly, searches are shifting from e-cigarette- to vaping-focused terms, especially in...

In this global health case study, we describe a case of nicotine addiction due to chronic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and discuss the beliefs on safety and awareness of their side effects. Many people believe that smoking an e-cigarette (vaping) does not have any side effects, especially among teenagers and young adults. Teenagers using an e-cigarette at a young age are twice as likely to try cigarettes later in their life because of nicotine dependency or other social factors. More recent studies have shown long-term systemic side effects of vaping regardless of traditional cigarette smoking history. This report was done for further assessing their risk and to clear out misconceptions of this large-scale condition.

Objective This article examines one key aspect of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) Institute’s forthcoming third iteration of the Adolescent Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI-A3). Overall project aims were to revise the second version of the adolescent SASSI (SASSI-A2), and to update new symptom-related identifiers of substance use disorders in adolescents according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) guidelines. Methods We added new questions regarding cannabidiol (CBD) edible consumption and the extent of vaping to review and subsequently address these dangers in teens. Identifying these patterns will inevitably direct the course of subsequent clinical interviews and treatment planning. Early intervention is a critical component towards preventing possible negative outcomes for substance misusing teens. Results This aspect of the research demonstrated a connection between a higher acknowledged us...

Abstrak Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan menghimbau bahaya dari rokok elektrik dan mencegah bertambah banyaknya pengguna rokok elektrik. Dengan menggunakan media poster untuk menghimbau dan menyampaikan pesan ke masyarakat luas tentang bahayanya rokok elektrik, diharapkan pola piker baru dari masyarakat daerah Surabaya tentang rokok elektrik ini. Artikel ini menggunakan teknik analisa dan metode kualitatif dengan cara mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengguna rokok elektrik menganggap rokok elekrik tidak berbahaya karena factor gaya hidup dan doktrin dari orang lain. Kata kunci: poster, iklan layanan masyarakat, rokok elektrik, Surabaya. Abstract This article was created with the aim of appealing to the dangers of e-cigarettes and preventing the increasing number of e-cigarette users. By using poster media to appeal and convey messages to the wider community about the dangers of e-cigarettes, it is hoped that a new pattern of thinking from the people of the Surabaya area regarding e-cigarettes. This article uses analysis techniques and qualitative methods by collecting data. The results showed that electric cigarette users consider electronic cigarettes to be harmless due to lifestyle factors and the doctrines of others.

Objective This article examines one key aspect of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) Institute’s forthcoming third iteration of the Adolescent Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI-A3). Overall project aims were to revise the second version of the adolescent SASSI (SASSI-A2), and to update new symptom-related identifiers of substance use disorders in adolescents according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) guidelines. Methods We added new questions regarding cannabidiol (CBD) edible consumption and the extent of vaping to review and subsequently address these dangers in teens. Identifying these patterns will inevitably direct the course of subsequent clinical interviews and treatment planning. Early intervention is a critical component towards preventing possible negative outcomes for substance misusing teens. Results This aspect of the research demonstrated a connection between a higher acknowledged us...

Background: Consistency and accuracy of results in assessing health risks due to vaping or e-cigarette use are difficult to achieve without established consumption data. The present report covers baseline data on vaping topography and reasons for use among local users in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods: An 80-item survey regarding socio-demographic characteristics, smoking topography and reasons for e-cigarette use was employed to assess e-cigarette users recruited from several public universities and private organisations. The survey questionnaire was self-administered. Data were analysed using statistical software. Results: Eighty-six current e-cigarette users participated with more than half (51.2%) of them aged ≥ 25 years old. Significant proportions of the sample were single (51.2%), had a tertiary education level (63.5%) and a household income of less than USD1000 per month (65.2%). Median duration of e-cigarette use was less than a year; users drew approximately 50 puffs per ...

Knowledge of the long-term toxicological and immunological effects of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols remains elusive due to the relatively short existence of vaping. Therefore, we performed a systematic search of articles published in public databases and analysed the research evidence in order to provide critical information regarding e-cig safety. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (or e-cigs) are an alternative to traditional cigarettes for the delivery of nicotine and are typically filled with glycerol or propylene glycol-based solutions known as e-liquids. Though present in lower quantities, e-cig aerosols are known to contain many of the harmful chemicals found in tobacco smoke. However, due to the paucity of experimental data and contradictory evidence, it is difficult to draw conclusive outcomes regarding toxicological, immunological and clinical impacts of e-cig aerosols. Excessive vaping has been reported to induce inflammatory responses including mitogen-activated protein...

Background
The international growth of e-cigarette use has been accompanied by a corresponding concern that e-cigarettes will act as a ‘gateway’ to smoking and the use of other drugs. Taking these concerns as our point of departure, we explore the relationships between vaping and smoking among a cohort of young people.

Methods
Qualitative longitudinal methods with a diverse sample of 36 14–18-year olds from the UK city of Leicester. A total of 66 depth interviews conducted across two phases separated by 6–12 months. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Findings
We highlight a complex ‘tangle’ of connections between substances/risk behaviours recounted to us by our adolescent study participants, including multiple and multilinear relationships between vaping and smoking. These findings problematise some of the core axioms of the notion of gateways as an explanatory model of causality and sequential connection between smoking and vaping. They also throw into question gateway logics more fundamentally. While many of our study participants themselves consciously invoked ideas of ‘gateway effects’, the accounts they produced repeatedly disrupted the logics of connection (between e-cigarettes and smoking; one set of behaviours and another) presupposed in gateway theory and our own early lines of questioning. Accordingly, we explore how cultural understandings of gateway effects are invoked by users in accounting for their vaping and smoking behaviours, noting the potential influence of these ideas upon the very processes they are understood to apprehend.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest there is a case to be made to reinforce the distinctiveness of tobacco and e-cigarettes in the life-worlds of young people to avoid naturalising a ‘gateway’ logic of connection that might ultimately inform the associative logic of young users themselves, and potentially the development of their usage careers.

US tobacco control policies to reduce cigarette use have been effective, but their impact has been relatively slow. This study considers a strategy of switching cigarette smokers to e-cigarette use (&#39;vaping&#39;) in the USA to accelerate tobacco control progress. A Status Quo Scenario, developed to project smoking rates and health outcomes in the absence of vaping, is compared with Substitution models, whereby cigarette use is largely replaced by vaping over a 10-year period. We test an Optimistic and a Pessimistic Scenario, differing in terms of the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes and the impact on overall initiation, cessation and switching. Projected mortality outcomes by age and sex under the Status Quo and E-Cigarette Substitution Scenarios are compared from 2016 to 2100 to determine public health impacts. Compared with the Status Quo, replacement of cigarette by e-cigarette use over a 10-year period yields 6.6 million fewer premature deaths with 86....

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased substantially over the past decade. However, unlike smoking, which is systematically captured by clinicians through routine screening and discrete documentation fields in the electronic health record (EHR), unknown is the extent to which clinicians are documenting patients&#39; use of ENDS. Data were gathered from medical visits with patients aged 12 and older (N=9,119; 55% male) treated in a large, integrated healthcare system. We used natural language processing to assess the incidence rates of clinician documentation of patients&#39; ENDS use in unstructured tobacco comments in the EHR, and the words most frequently documented in relation to ENDS, from 2006-2015. ENDS documentation in the EHR increased dramatically over time (from 0.01 to 9.5 per 10,000 patients, p&lt;0.0001), particularly among adults aged 18-24 and 25-44. Most prevalent were &quot;e-cig,&quot; &quot;electronic cigarettes&quot;, and &quot;vape,&quo...

This publication proposes a novel hypothesis of electronic cigarettes (vaping)-associated acute lung disease in North America, in which iron ions from electronic cigarettes-iron alloy coils are oxidized to iron oxides in the lung in a highly exothermic reaction mediated via very-low-frequency (radio) electromagnetic waves emanating from the lithosphere.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine the emergence of vaping in the UK by looking at its relationship to smoking and the establishment of the anti-smoking discourse in the 1950s that brought about and cemented a singular view of smoking-as-pathology. In relation to this view, vaping could then only be understood either as a revolutionary prophylactic that has the potential to save millions, or a dangerous ‘gateway drug’ that could easily re-normalise smoking. By employing a critical posthumanist approach, the aim is to write a “socio-material genealogy” of vaping that goes beyond dichotomous and anthropocentric understandings of the world to recognize that vaping is a heterogeneous assemblage that results from a complex and skeuomorphic coming together of both past and future, human and nonhuman, discourse and embodiment. Furthermore, the dissertation also includes a sensory-ethnography of vaping in Nottingham as a means of getting at the particular everyday vaping rhythms and routines as well as vapers’ embodied articulations and sensibilities. Consequently, it complements the prevailing literature on vaping where such a sociological account is sorely lacking.
Keywords: vaping, smoking, posthumanism, genealogy, sensory-ethnography

Background: The Philippines has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates in Southeast Asia. Tobacco prevention and control efforts should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. One of the most recent and highly marketed way of cutting down smoking is the use of E-cigarettes. But its use may also have potential harmful effects which would be similar to cigarette smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors predicting electronic cigarette use among adults in a large metropolitan area in the Philippines. Methods:The study used a descriptive-correlational multivariate research design. Adults who are at least 18 years of age, who are electronic cigarettes users, dual users (electronic cigarette and cigarette users), and non-smokers were chosen for this study. The researchers utilized a researcher- made questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in gathering the data. Results: Multiple regression analysis suggests that positive attitude and high perceived b...

Yiswaree Palansamy, Experts: Challenges ahead for Malaysia’s proposed tobacco sales ban to those born after 2005, "Malay Mail", 20 February 2022, https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/02/20/experts-challenges-ahead-for-malaysias-proposed-tobacco-sales-ban-to-those/2042650.

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Vaping is essentially the act of inhaling water vapour into your lungs. As you will read below, this is definitely a safer and healthier form of smoking because it doesn’t contain any of the tar, fumes, and chemical toxins that are found in tobacco cigarette smoke that’s so detrimental to the body.

25 March 2022: The Science & Policy of Harm Reduction in Taiwan, a presentation at the seminar The Science & Policy of Harm Reducation Taiwan, organized by the Property Rights Alliance, Tholos Foundation, the Center for Market Education and Pacific Alliance Institute, and held virtually on 25 March 2022. Speakers: Dr Colin Mehdehlson (Founding Chairman of the Australian Tobacco Harm Reduction Association), Clive Bates (Creator of Counterfactual Consulting and Former Director of Action on Smoking & Health), Prof Tzu-Hsuen Yuan (Department of Health & Welfare at the College of City Management at the University of Taipei), Prof Brad Rodu (Endowed Chair for Brown Cancer Center’s Tobacco Harm Reduction Wing at the University of Louisville), Prof Kai-Jen Chuang (Professor of Public Health at Taipei Medical University), Dr Carmelo Ferlito (CEO of the Center for Market Education), Michelle Minton (Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute), Prof Chee-Ruey Hsieh (Health Economist and Adjunct Professor at Feng Chia University), Yuya Watase (Chairman of the Pacific Alliance Institute and a researcher at Waseda University), Louis Houlbrooke (Campaigns Manager for New Zealand Taxpayers Union).

Sensation seeking is strongly associated with cigarette use in adolescents. However, few studies have investigated its relationship with adolescent e-cigarette use. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sensation seeking and a variety of e-cigarette use behaviors among Texas adolescents. This study utilized two waves of data collected 6months apart through the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS) in 2014-2015 (n=2,488/N=461,069). TATAMS employs a complex probability-sampling design and is representative of students in 6th, 8th and 10th grades from five counties surrounding the four largest cities in Texas (Houston, Dallas/Ft. Worth, San Antonio, Austin). Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sensation seeking and susceptibility to e-cigarette use, ever e-cigarette use, and current (past 30day) e-cigarette use. In the cross-sectional an...

The development of e-cigarettes was initially hailed as a resource in facilitating a reduction in or cessation of cigarette smoking. Many users of e-cigarettes are ‘dual users’, smoking traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The present qualitative study examines the factors that a group of 20 dual users considered to have been influential in their decisions to use e-cigarettes and their comparative evaluations of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. Health concerns were not found to be sole motivators. Participants pointed to financial and contextual considerations, particularly peer influence on uptake and continued usage of e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes were evaluated as comparable to cigarettes in some ways but not in other important respects such as sensation and satisfaction. Different social evaluations of cigarette and e-cigarette usage were discerned which influenced how participants identified as smokers, ‘vapers’ or neither. Findings are discussed in relation to social...

The present study examined the influence of flavouring on the smoking and vaping behaviour of cigarette smokers asked to adopt e-cigarettes for a period of 6 weeks. Participants were 88 current male and female smokers with no intention to stop smoking, but who agreed to substitute e-cigarettes for their current cigarettes. On intake, participants were administered tests of taste and smell for e-cigarettes flavoured with tobacco, menthol, cherry and chocolate, and were given a refillable e-cigarette of their preferred flavour or a control flavour. Participants completed daily logs of cigarette and e-cigarette use and were followed each week. Analyses over days indicated that, during the 6-week e-cigarette period, cigarette smoking rates dropped from an average of about 16 to about 7 cigarettes/day. e-Cigarette flavour had a significant effect such that the largest drop in cigarette smoking occurred among those assigned menthol e-cigarettes, and the smallest drop in smoking occurred a...