eScience

DE: Die Arbeit untersucht Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen (VFU) als neues Entwicklungsfeld für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken. Dazu werden zunächst die grundlegenden Arbeitsschritte, die für geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung typisch sind, betrachtet, um dann zu erörtern, wie die zunehmende Anwendung digitaler Forschungsumgebungen das Arbeiten beeinflusst und welche Herausforderungen diese Veränderungen an die Wissenschaftler selbst und an VFUs stellen. Basierend auf diesen Reflexionen werden die wissenschaftlichen, sozialen und technischen Anforderungen zusammengestellt, die VFUs erfüllen müssen, um geisteswissenschaftliches Arbeiten adäquat zu unterstützen. Die Erfüllung dieser Ansprüche wird dann am „Deutschen Textarchiv“, einem digitalen Forschungskorpus historischer deutscher Literatur, geprüft. Schließlich wird die Relevanz von VFUs für die Entwicklungsstrategien wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Berufsbild des Bibliothekars diskutiert. Bibliotheken verfügen sowohl über das fachliche Profil als auch über die Erfahrung, wissenschaftliche Bedürfnisse mit technischen Möglichkeiten zu verknüpfen und so zeitgemäße Labore für geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung zu schaffen.
EN: In this paper we consider virtual research environments (VRE) in reference to their development potential for academic libraries. For a start we scrutinize the basic tasks typical for scholarly research as well as how the use of virtual research environments alters the ways humanities scholars work, and the challenges this brings to both scholars and VREs. Our observations on this topic lead us to a set of academic, social, and technical requirements digital research platforms will have to respond to. To link these considerations to a real-life scenario we test a so-called digital corpus of historical German texts for its dealing with the said demands. Subsequently we argue for VREs as a relevant field within the development strategy of libraries. They display the profile and experience to connect academic needs to technical feasibility in order to provide what can be called the contemporary laboratories of digital humanities.

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted for three years (2014-2016) to validate irrigation scheduling of irrigated wheat cultivation to determine appropriate irrigation regime.  The experiments were irrigation scheduling based on CROPWAT Model 8.0 and validation on field trial. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The field trial was involving three irrigation regime treatments were used for comparison. The treatments were Treatment 1 (T1): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D1=50mm at an interval of I1=7 days, Treatment 2(T2): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D2=67mm at an interval of I2=10 days. Treatment 3(T3): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D3=108.3mm at an interval of I3=15 days. Treatment 4(T4): An irrigation regime that provides irrigation water...

Provenance is a term used to describe the history, lineage or origins of a piece of data. In scientific experiments that are computationally intensive the data resources are produced in large-scale. Thus, as more scientific data are produced the importance of tracking and sharing its metadata grows. Therefore, it is desirable to make it easy to access, share, reuse, integrate and reason. To address these requirements ontologies can be of use to encode expectations and agreements concerning provenance metadata reuse and integration. In this paper, we present a well-founded provenance ontology named Open proVenance Ontology (OvO) which takes inspiration on three theories: the lifecycle of in silico scientific experiments, the Open Provenance Model (OPM) and the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). OvO may act as a reference conceptual model that can be used by researchers to explore the semantics of provenance metadata.

Service-oriented computing is a popular design methodology for large scale business computing systems. Grid computing enables the sharing of distributed computing and data resources such as processing, networking and storage capacity to create a cohesive resource environment for executieBusinessng distributed applications in service-oriented computing. Grid computing represents more business-oriented orchestration of pretty homogeneous and powerful distributed computing resources to optimize the execution of time consuming process as well. Grid computing have received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational in e-Science and businesses. The objective of the journal is to serve as both the premier venue for presenting foremost research results in the area and as a forum for introducing and exploring new concepts.

An'Intellectual Ramp'enables researchers to move incrementally from their current practice into the adoption of new methods. An investigation of Ramps is an important step towards" crossing the chasm" so that researchers can benefit from new tools, technologies and approaches. This paper will define and explain the concept of Ramps, discuss requirements and the anatomy of Ramps, and propose a measurement framework illustrated by examples to improve the understanding of why ramps work.

This study aimed at exploring the information deficiency among vegetables growers regarding production practices of vegetables. Total 208 vegetable growers, who were selected randomly participated in the study as respondents. The data were collected on structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. The analysis of the data indicated that the farmers had diverse demographic conditions, but primarily with ordinary level of education (52.4% were illiterate), small land holdings and over reliance on farming sources to generate income (77.9%). Cultivation of vegetables was observed on small land holdings whereas 87% aimed at not only commercializing the produce abut also meet the domestic needs. In order to meet information needs, important for the vegetable’s cultivation, neighbour farmers were the most preferred information source (59.61%) while agriculture department (10.57%) and agriculture helpline (8.48%) were the least. Farmers had high level of information def...

The use of social media by collaborative organizations has been studied in a variety of contexts, including virtual teams, enterprise organizations, and social movements. However, social media are not often examined within the context of scientific organizations. This article explores how an organization of 122 life scientists and science-related professionals—anonymized as Science City Network (SciCity)—combine monthly symposia with social media, including Twitter, Facebook, and blogs. Using an online survey, we found that younger SciCity members are more interested in using social media to support a collaborative community, whereas older members are more interested in social applications. Social media use was not found to significantly differ by gender. Using social network analysis, we found several individuals who act as hubs of information who keep the SciCity Twitter network alive. However, the hierarchical structure of the network reveals that it is better suited for information dissemination than innovation and collaboration. Our examination of this scientific organization ultimately offers insight into how a coalition of multiple social media technologies is used differentially by organizational members and that there is ultimately no general consensus of the utility of social media to scientific collaboration. This finding tempers some claims of the utility of social media for scientific collaboration.

This paper investigates the co-evolution of scientific practice and supporting technologies for the interdisciplinary research community of Land Change Science. Through three and a half years of iterative fieldwork and system design, we have developed a deep understanding of their synthetic research practices, specifically regarding meta-studies. Here we detail the challenges researchers face conducting meta-studies and how this collective effort advances the entire scholarly community. We illustrate how our understanding of this synthetic research practice informs the design and refinement of cyberinfrastructure to better support their work.

e-Science is scientific investigation performed through distributed global collaborations between scientists and their resources, and the computing infrastructure that enables this. Scientific progress increasingly depends on pooling know-how and results; making connections between ideas, people, and data; and finding and reusing knowledge and resources generated by others in perhaps unintended ways. It is about harvesting and harnessing the “collective intelligence” of the scientific community.

The agricultural sector worldwide is facing many issues relating to crop productivity due to the lack of communication between extension workers and farmers. To reduce this gap, information technology like mobile phones are one of the essential communication devices in numerous fields as well as agriculture. This review aims to analyze mobile phone usage in agricultural modernization and rural development. The advancement of the agricultural sector in rural areas is essential for reducing poverty among growers. As we all know, agricultural activities provide employment opportunities and generate income in rural areas. Poverty can be decreased by advancement in the agriculture sector for better production. Agriculture production, socioeconomic conditions, and food security can be improved by increasing the usage of mobile phones for easy and accurate agricultural knowledge sharing to the farming community.

The paper focuses on the reigns and policies of the two Mughal Emperors, Akbar and Aurangzeb, and analyses how they have been remembered in the wider social memory. While Akbar is glorified as a 'secular' and 'liberal' leader, Aurangzeb is often dismissed and ridiculed as a 'religious bigot', who tried to impose the Shari'ah law in diversified India. The paper traces and evaluates the construction of these two grand narratives which were initially formed by the British historians in colonial India and then continued by specific nationalist historians of India and Pakistan, after the independence of the two nation-states. By citing some of the most popular misconceptions surrounding the two Mughal Emperors, this study attempts to understand the policies of these two emperors in a wider socio-political narrative and attempts to deconstruct these ‘convenient’ misinterpretations. Concluding the analysis of how these two emperors are viewed differently in both...

Recent developments at the UK National Crystallography Service (NCS), in collaboration with the CombeChem eScience testbed and the eBank-UK projects, have been aimed at developing an eScience infrastructure to facilitate the crystallographic experiment from end to end. A seamless distributed computing approach is shown to be able to transform a conventional but high throughput service, to enable access and secure remote operation with the visualisation of the diffraction experiment, through the data workup and analysis ...

Kashmir is in a situation of protracted conflict. The paper offers an examination of daily life in the downtown of Srinagar, the region's capital.  The conceptual focus is on the role of informal institutions, here defined as ordered patterns of behavior, in this setting.  A particular concern with how these informal institutions explains how the different residents make sense of the generalized condition of what they term zulm.  Zulm refers to the experience of living with, enduring, and engaging with the administration of the militarized authoritarian Indian state, and can be disaggregated into a series of informal institutions deployed by citizens of downtown Srinagar.  Based on the ethnographic fieldwork, the paper looks at how differently situated individuals use these institutions – often in the form of networks, economic relationships, connections – to challenge and sustain relations with state structures.  The particular focus is given to the informal institution of raso...

With new scientific instruments growing exponentially in their capability to generate research data, new infrastructure needs to be developed and deployed to allow researchers to effectively and securely manage their research data from collection to publication. In particular, researchers need to be able to easily acquire data from instruments, store and manage potentially large quantities of data, easily process the data, share research resources and work spaces with colleagues both inside and outside of their institution, ...

[Online]; 2229-3949 [Print] http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijgca/ijgca.html Scope & Topics Service-oriented computing is a popular design methodology for large scale business computing systems. Grid computing enables the sharing of distributed computing and data resources such as processing, networking and storage capacity to create a cohesive resource environment for executing distributed applications in service-oriented computing. Grid computing represents more business-oriented orchestration of pretty homogeneous and powerful distributed computing resources to optimize the execution of time consuming process as well. Grid computing have received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational in e-Science and businesses. The objective of the journal is to serve as both the premier venue for presenting foremost research results in the area and as a forum for introducing and exploring new concepts.

Data analysis tasks at an Ocean Observatory require integrative and and domain-specialized use of database, workflow, visualization systems. We describe a platform to support these tasks developed as part of the cyberinfrastructure at the NSF Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction integrating a provenance-aware workflow system, 3D visualization, and a remote query engine for large-scale ocean circulation models. We show how these disparate tools complement each other and give examples of real scientific insights delivered by the integrated system. We conclude that data management solutions for eScience require this kind of holistic, integrative approach, explain how our approach may be generalized, and recommend a broader, application-oriented research agenda to explore relevant architectures.