85

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN
Perhitungan kinerja Heat Exchanger E-108 A
Diketahui :
Shell = Long Residue
T1

= 228,44oC = 32 + (

T2

= 200,24oC = 32 + (

= 443,192oF

C)

= 392,432 oF

C)

T1 T2 = (443,192 392,432) oF

= 50,76oF

= 206975,2 lb/hr

= 2253,2 T/D x 1000kg/T x 2,2046 lb/D x

Spgr60/60

= 0,9097

= 24,04

API

Tube = Crude Oil

t1

= 138,26oC = 32 + (

= 155,46oC = 32 + (

C)

280,868oF

t2

C)

311,828oF

t2 - t1

= (311,828 280,868) oF
= 3509,4 T/D x 1000kg/T x 2,2046 lb/D x

lb/hr

Spgr60/60= 0,85056

API

= 34,86

= 30,96oF
= 322367,6

86

1. NERACA PANAS (Heat Ballance), Q

T1 + T2
=
2

= 0,628 Btu/lb.oF

= 417,812 oF
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)

Maka,
Q1 = W x C (T2 T1)
= 206975,2 lb/hr x 0,628 Btu/lb.oF x 50,76oF
= 6597806,297 Btu/hr
b. Pada Tube (Crude Oil)
Diketahui :
tAVg =

t1 + t 2
=
2

= 0,583 Btu/lb.oF

= 296,348 oF
(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)

Maka,
Q1 = w x c (t2 t1)
= 322367,6 lb/hr x 0,583 Btu/lb.oF x 30,96oF
= 5818632,654 Btu/hr

87

2. LMTD dant
Hot Fluida
443,192oF
392,432oF
50,76oF
(T1 T2)

T1
T2

Higher Temp
Lower Temp
Differences

t2
t1

Cold Fluida
311,828oF
280,868oF
30,96oF
(t2 t1)

t2 t1
= ln t2 / t1 =

LMTD

Differences
131,364oF
111,564oF
19,8oF

= 121,1946 oF

T1 T2
= t t
2
1

= 1,639535

t 2 t1
= T t
1
1

= 0,19073

Berdasarkan data Desain HE E-108 A yang merupakan HE dengan

= LMTD x FT
= 121,1946 oF x 0,98
= 118,7707 oF

3. TEMPERATUR KALORI (Tc dan tc)

t1
t2

= 0,84927377

(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)

Diketahui :
T1 - T2
o

API

= 50,76 oF
= 24,04

Maka didapat :
Kc

= 0,165

(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)

t2
t1
(t2 - t1)

88

Fc

= 0,48

(Fig. 17 Kern Hal. 827)

Tc (Shell)

= t1 + Fc x (T1 T2)
= 392,432oF + 0,48 x 50,76oF
= 416,7968 oF

tc (Tube)

= T2 + Fc x (t2 t1)
= 280,868oF + 0,48 x 30,96oF
= 295,7288 oF

4. LUAS ALIRAN (Flow Area), as dan at

32 mm = 3,2 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 1,2598 in

Jarak Baffles (B)

= 600 mm = 60 cm x 0,3937 in/cm

= 23,622 in

Tube Clearance (C) = PT OD = 0,2598 in

IDxC " xB
144 P
T

=
= 1,87273794 ft2
b. PadaTube
Diketahui :
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

= 586 per shell

Jumlah Pass (n)

= 4

Diameter Luar (OD)

= 1 in

BWG

= 12

Maka :
at

= 0, 479 in2 (Tabel 10 Kern Hal. 843)

89

at

N t x a 't
144 n

x4

= 0,487316 ft2

5. KECEPATAN MASSA (Mass Velocity), GsdanGt

= 206975,2 lb/hr

as

= 1.87273794 ft2

Maka :
ws
Gs = a
s

= 110520,1 lb/hr.ft2

b. PadaTube
Diketahui :
wt = 322367,6 lb/hr
at

= 0.487316

ft2

Maka :
wt
Gt = a
t

6. BILANGAN REYNOLD (Re)

= 416,7968 oF

API

= 24,04

SG

= 0,9097

= 661516,6614 lb/hr.ft2

90

lb

= 0,66 Cp x 2, 42

ft.hr
cp

= 1,5972 lb/ft.hr
1 ft

Maka, De

Res =

= 0, 99 in x 12 in = 0, 0825 ft

De x G s

= 5708,683176

b. Pada Tube
Diketahui :
= 295,7288oF

tc

API = 34,86
SG = 0.85056
lb

= 0,44 Cp x 2, 42

ft.hr
cp

= 1,0648 Ib/ft.hr
Maka, Dt

(J.B Maxwell Hal 165)

= 0.782 in

(Tabel 10. Kern Hal. 843)

= 0, 782 in 12 in = 0, 0651 ft
Ret

Dt x Gt

= 40444

7. FAKTOR PERPINDAHAN PANAS (jH)

= 5708,683176

jH
b. Pada Tube
Diketahui :

= 40

(Fig. 28 Kern Hal. 838)

91

= 4,877 m / 0,0254 m/in = 192 in x 0,0833 ft/in = 15,99 ft

= 0,782 ft / 12 = 0,0651 ft

L/D

= 245,67

Maka dari grafik didapat,

= 120

(Fig. 24 Kern Hal. 834)

8. KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS

= 416,7968oF

= 0,625 Btu/lb.oF

(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)

= 0,0663 Btu/ft2.hr(oF.ft)

(Fig. 1 Kern Hal. 803)

Maka,
1/ 3

c .

= 2,469

b. Pada tube
Diketahui :
tc

= 295,7288oF

= 0,584 Btu/lb.oF

(Fig. 4 Kern Hal. 806)

= 0,0727 Btu/ft2.hr(oF.ft)

(Fig. 1 Kern Hal. 803)

Maka,
1/ 3

c .

9. ho dan hio
a. Pada shell
Diketahui :

= 2,045

92

jH

= 40

k / De
Maka :

= 0,0663 / 0,0825

ho
ho

ho

= 0,8036

k c . 1 / 3
= jH .
.

s
D k
k c . 1 / 3
= jH .
.

D k

= 40 x 0,8036 x 2,469
= 79,3671273

b. Pada tube
Diketahui :
jH = 120
k/D
Maka :
hi

= 0,0727 / 0, 0651= 1,11674

= jH .

k c . 1 / 3
.

D k

= jH .

k c . 1 / 3
.

D k

= 120 x 1,11674 x 2,045

1)

hio

ID
OD

= 274,0488 x
= 214,3062
9. TUBE WALL TEMPERATURE
tw

= tc +

ho / s
hio / t + ho / s

(Tc - tc)

93

=295,7288oF+

(416,7968-295,7288) oF

= 328,448215oF
10. s dan t
a. Pada shell
tw

= 328.448215oF

SG

= 0,9097

= 0,78 x 2, 42

lb

ft.hr
cp

= 1,8876 lb/ft.hr

Maka,
s

0 ,14

0,14

= 0,976

b. Pada tube
tw

= 328,448215oF

SG = 0,85056
lb
w = 0,37Cp x 2, 42

ft.hr
cp

= 0,8594 lb/ft.hr
Maka,
t

0 ,14

11. ho dan hio

ho

x s

0,14

= 1,024

94

= 79,367 x 0,976
= 77,532 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
b. Pada tube
hio

hio

xt

= 214.3062 x 1,024
= 219,5684 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)
12. CLEAN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Uc
Uc

hio . ho
hio +ho

= 57,2993246 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)

13. DESIGN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Ud

= 1 in

BWG

= 12

= 0,2618 ft2/in.ft

= 16 ft

Nt

= 586 / shell

(Tabel 10 Kern Hal. 843)

Maka,
A

= a x L x Nt
= 0,2618 ft2/ft x 16 ft x 586
= 2453,65 ft

Sehingga,
UD

= A.
t =

= 19,57 Btu / hr.ft2.oF

14. FAKTOR PENGOTOR, Rd

UC U D
U C ..U D =

15. PRESSURE DROP

= 0,03364496 Btu/hr (ft)2 (oF)

95

a. Padashell
1) Untuk Res

= 5708,683176 lb/ft.hr

= 0,00235 ft2 / in2

(Fig. 29 Kern Hal. 839)

= 0,773

(Fig. 6 Kern Hal. 809)

Ds

= 12 in / ft = 57,086/12 = 4,757 ft

ID

2) No.of crosses,
N + 1

12 L
=
B

= 97,54

3) Pressure drop (Ps)

f .Gs .Ds .( N +1)

Ps

=
= 4,095949058 psi
= 4.095949058 psi x

1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi

= 0,2877778 kg / cm2
b. Pada tube
Untuk Ret

= 40444

= 0,00016 ft2 / in2

tc

= 295,7288oF

(Fig. 26 Kern Hal. 836)

API = 34,86

= 0,76

1) Pressure drop (Pt)

(Fig. 6 Kern Hal. 809)

96

Pt

f .Gt L. n
=
5,22 x 1010.D . s . t
=
= 1,692807448 psi
= 1,692807448 psi x

1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi

= 0,1189353 kg/cm2
2) Gt

lb/ft2.hr

v2
2 g ' psi

= 0,052

(Fig. 27 Kern Hal.

837)
Pr

=
=

4 x n
v2
x
s
2g'

x 0,052

= 1,094736842 psi
= 1,094736842 psi x

1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi

= 0,0769154 kg/cm2
3) PT

= Pt + Pr
= 1,6928074 psi + 1,094736 psi
= 2,78754429 psi
= 2,78754429 psi x

1 kg / cm 2
14,233 psi

= 0,1958937877 kg/cm2
16. EFFISIENSI KERJA HE
=

x 100%

97

=
= 88,19 %

x 100 %