Complex variable

solved problems
Pavel Pyrih
11:03 May 29, 2012
( public domain )

Contents
1 Residue theorem problems

2 Zero Sum theorem for residues problems

3 Power series problems

76
157

Acknowledgement. The following problems were solved using my own procedure

in a program Maple V, release 5. All possible errors are my faults.

Residue theorem problems

We will solve several problems using the following theorem:

Theorem. (Residue theorem) Suppose U is a simply connected open subset
of the complex plane, and w1 , . . . ,wn are finitely many points of U and f is a
function which is defined and holomorphic on U \ {w1 , . . . , wn }. If is a simply
closed curve in U contaning the points wk in the interior, then
I
f (z) dz = 2i

k
X

res (f, wk ) .

k=1

The following rules can be used for residue counting:

Theorem. (Rule 1) If f has a pole of order k at the point w then
res (f, w) =

(k1)
1
lim (z w)k f (z)
.
(k 1)! zw

Theorem. (Rule 2) If f, g are holomorphic at the point w and f (w) 6= 0. If

g(w) = 0, g 0 (w) 6= 0, then


f
f (w)
res
,w = 0
.
g
g (w)

Theorem. (Rule 3) If h is holomorphic at w and g has a simple pole at w, then

res (gh, w) = h(w) res (g, w).

We will use special formulas for special types of problems:

Theorem. ( TYPE I. Integral from a rational function in sin and cos.) If
Q(a, b) is a rational function of two complex variables such that for real a, b,
a2 + b2 = 1 is Q(a, b) finite, then the function


z + 1/z z 1/z
T (z) := Q
,
/(iz)
2
2i
is rational, has no poles on the real line and
Z

Q(cos t, sin t) dt = 2i
0

X
|a|<1, T (a)=

Example
Z
0

1
dx
2 + cos(x)

res (T, a) .

Theorem. ( TYPE II. Integral from a rational function. ) Suppose P, Q are

polynomial of order m, n respectively, and n m > 1 and Q has no real roots.
P
Then for the rational function f = Q
holds
Z

f (x) dx = 2i

res (f, wk ) ,

where all singularities of f with a positive imaginary part are considered in the
above sum.

Example
Z

1
dx
1 + x2

Theorem. ( TYPE III. Integral from a rational function multiplied by cos or

sin ) If Q is a rational function such that has no pole at the real line and for
z is Q(z) = O(z 1 ). For b > 0 denote f (z) = Q(z) eibz . Then
!
Z +
X
Q(x) cos(bx) dx = Re 2i
res (f, w)

Q(x) sin(bx) dx = Im

2i

res (f, w)

where only w with a positive imaginary part are considered in the above sums.

Example
Z

cos(x)
dx
1 + x2

1.1

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2

cos(x)2
dx
13 + 12 cos(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
1
1 1 2
I( z+
)
2
2
z
f(z) =
1
(13 + 6 z + 6 ) z
z
We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z =

3
2
}, {z =
}]
2
3

The singularity
z=0
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(0, f(z)) =

13
I
144

The singularity
3
2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=

2
3
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

res(

169
2
, f(z)) =
I
3
720

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

13

45

The solution is
Z
0

13
cos(x)2
dx =

13 + 12 cos(x)
45
6

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
cos(x)2
13
dx =

13
+
12
cos(x)
45
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

1.2

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

cos(x)4
dx
1 + sin(x)2

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
1
1 1 4
I( z+
)
2
2 z
f(z) =
1
1
(1 (z )2 ) z
4
z
We find singularities

[{z = 0}, {z = 2+1}, {z = 1 2}, {z = 21}, {z = 1 2}, {z = }, {z = }]

The singularity
z=0
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(0, f(z)) =

5
I
2

The singularity
z=

2+1

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity

z =1 2
is in our region and we will add the following residue

768 I 2 + 1088 I

res(1 2, f(z)) =
768 544 2
The singularity

z = 21
is in our region and we will add the following residue

768 I 2 + 1088 I

res( 2 1, f(z)) =
768 544 2
The singularity

z = 1 2
8

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity
z=
will be skipped because only residues at finite singularities are counted.
The singularity
z =
will be skipped because only residues at finite singularities are counted.
Our sum is

X
768 I 2 + 1088 I
5

)
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( I + 2
2
768 544 2
The solution is
Z 2
0

cos(x)4
5
768 I 2 + 1088 I

dx = 2 I ( I + 2
)
1 + sin(x)2
2
768 544 2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result

Z 2
cos(x)4
(4 2 5)

dx =
1 + sin(x)2
( 2 + 1) ( 2 1)
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

1.3

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

sin(x)2

5
cos(x)
4

dx

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
1
I (z )2
1
z
f(z) =
1 1
4 5 1
( z
)z
4 2
2 z
We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z =

1
}, {z = 2}]
2

The singularity
z=0
is in our region and we will add the following residue
5
res(0, f(z)) = I
4
The singularity
z=

1
2

is in our region and we will add the following residue

1
3
res( , f(z)) = I
2
4
The singularity
z=2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

10

The solution is
Z
0

sin(x)2
5
cos(x)
4

dx =

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
sin(x)2
dx =
5
0
cos(x)
4
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

11

1.4

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

1
dx
sin(x)2 + 4 cos(x)2

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1
1 2
1
1 1 2
( (z ) + 4 ( z +
) )z
4
z
2
2 z

We find singularities

1
1
[{z = I 3}, {z = I 3}, {z = I 3}, {z = I 3}]
3
3
The singularity
1
z= I 3
3
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
1
res( I 3, f(z)) = I
3
4
The singularity
1
I 3
3
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

1
1
res( I 3, f(z)) = I
3
4
The singularity
z=I

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity

z = I 3
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

12

The solution is
Z
0

1
dx =
sin(x)2 + 4 cos(x)2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
dx =
2
sin(x) + 4 cos(x)2
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

13

1.5

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

1
dx
13 + 12 sin(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1
(13 6 I (z )) z
z

We find singularities
3
2
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
3
2
The singularity
2
z= I
3
is in our region and we will add the following residue
2
1
res( I, f(z)) = I
3
5
The singularity
3
z= I
2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
2
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
5
The solution is
Z
0

2
1
dx =
13 + 12 sin(x)
5

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
2
dx =
13 + 12 sin(x)
5
0
Info.
not given
14

Comment.
no comment

15

1.6

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2

1
dx
2 + cos(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1 1
1
)z
(2 + z +
2
2 z

We find singularities
[{z = 2 +

3}, {z = 2

3}]

The singularity
z = 2 +

is in our region and we will add the following residue

1
res(2 + 3, f(z)) = I 3
3
The singularity

z = 2 3
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
2
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 3
3
The solution is
Z
0

2
1
dx = 3
2 + cos(x)
3

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
2
dx = 3
2
+
cos(x)
3
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
16

1.7

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

1
dx
(2 + cos(x))2

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1 1 2
1
) z
(2 + z +
2
2 z

We find singularities
[{z = 2 +

3}, {z = 2

3}]

The singularity
z = 2 +

is in our region and we will add the following residue

1
1
2
1
res(2 + 3, f(z)) = I + ( I + I 3) 3
3
3
3
3
The singularity

z = 2 3
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

1
1
2
1
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( I + ( I + I 3) 3)
3
3
3
3

The solution is
Z 2
0

1
1
2
1
1
dx
=
2
I

(
I
+
(
I
+
I 3) 3)
(2 + cos(x))2
3
3
3
3

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
4
dx = 3
2
(2
+
cos(x))
9
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
17

1.8

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2

1
dx
2 + sin(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1
1
(2 I (z )) z
2
z

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I + I

3}, {z = 2 I I

3}]

The singularity
z = 2 I + I

is in our region and we will add the following residue

1
res(2 I + I 3, f(z)) = I 3
3
The singularity

z = 2 I I 3
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
2
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 3
3
The solution is
Z
0

2
1
dx = 3
2 + sin(x)
3

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
2
dx = 3
2
+
sin(x)
3
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
18

1.9

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

1
dx
5 + 4 cos(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1
(5 + 2 z + 2 ) z
z

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z =

1
}]
2

The singularity
z = 2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
1
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

res(

1
1
, f(z)) = I
2
3

Our sum is
X
2
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
3
The solution is
Z
0

1
2
dx =
5 + 4 cos(x)
3

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
2
dx =
5
+
4
cos(x)
3
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
19

1.10

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2

1
dx
5 + 4 sin(x)

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

I
1
(5 2 I (z )) z
z

We find singularities
1
[{z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
2
The singularity
z = 2 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
1
z= I
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
1
res( I, f(z)) = I
2
3
Our sum is
X
2
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
3
The solution is
Z
0

1
2
dx =
5 + 4 sin(x)
3

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
1
2
dx =
5
+
4
sin(x)
3
0
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
20

1.11

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 2
0

cos(x)
dx
5
cos(x)
4

Hint.
Type I
Solution.
We denote
1
1 1
I( z+
)
2
2 z
f(z) =
5 1
1 1
( z
)z
4 2
2 z
We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z =

1
}, {z = 2}]
2

The singularity
z=0
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(0, f(z)) = I
The singularity
1
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

5
1
res( , f(z)) = I
2
3
The singularity
z=2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
4
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
3
The solution is
Z
0

cos(x)
4
dx =
5
3
cos(x)
4
21

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2
cos(x)
4
dx =
5
3
0
cos(x)
4
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

22

1.12

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2 + 1
dx
4
x + 1

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 + 1
z4 + 1

We find singularities
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 I 2}, {z =
2+ I 2}, {z =
2+ I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}]
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
The singularity

[{z =

1
1
2 I 2
2
2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

res(

1
1+I
1

2 + I 2, f(z)) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
1
1
2+ I 2
2
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

res(

1
1
1I

2 + I 2, f(z)) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

The singularity
1
1
2 I 2
2
2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
z=

Our sum is
X
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I (

2I

23

1+I
1I

)
2 2 2 2I 2 + 2 2

The solution is
Z

x2 + 1
1+I
1I
+

)
dx = 2 I (
4
2I 2 2 2 2I 2 + 2 2
x + 1

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 2

x +1
dx = 2
4
x + 1
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

24

1.13

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2 1
dx
2
2
(x + 1)

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 1
(z 2 + 1)2

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) = 0
Our sum is
X
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 0
The solution is

x2 1
dx = 0
2
2
(x + 1)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x2 1
dx = 0
2
2
(x + 1)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
25

1.14

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z
x2 x + 2
dx
4
2
x + 10 x + 9
Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 z + 2
z 4 + 10 z 2 + 9

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(3 I, f(z)) =

7
1

I
16 48

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
1

I
16 16

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

26

12

The solution is

x2 x + 2
5
dx =

4
2
12
x + 10 x + 9

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x2 x + 2
5
dx =

4
2
12
x + 10 x + 9
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

27

1.15

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z
(x

1
dx
+ 1) (x2 + 4)2

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z 2 + 1) (z 2 + 4)2

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 I, f(z)) =

11
I
288

The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
I
18

The singularity
z = 2 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

28

144

The solution is
Z

(x2

5
1
dx =

2
2
+ 1) (x + 4)
144

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
5
dx =

2 + 1) (x2 + 4)2
(x
144

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

29

1.16

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z
(x

1
dx
+ 1) (x2 + 9)

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z 2 + 1) (z 2 + 9)

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(3 I, f(z)) =

1
I
48

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
I
16

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

30

12

The solution is
Z

(x2

1
1
dx =

2
+ 1) (x + 9)
12

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
1
dx =

2 + 1) (x2 + 9)
(x
12

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

31

1.17

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

1
dx
(x I) (x 2 I)

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z I) (z 2 I)

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 I, f(z)) = I
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) = I
Our sum is
X
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 0
The solution is
Z

1
dx = 0
(x

I)
(x 2 I)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
dx = 0
(x

I)
(x 2 I)

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
32

1.18

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z
(x

1
dx
I) (x 2 I) (x + 3 I)

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
1
(z I) (z 2 I) (z + 3 I)

f(z) =
We find singularities

[{z = 2 I}, {z = 3 I}, {z = I}]

The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 I, f(z)) =

1
5

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
4

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

1
I
10

The solution is
Z

1
1
dx =
I
(x

I)
(x

2
I)
(x
+
3
I)
10

33

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
1
dx =
I
10
(x I) (x 2 I) (x + 3 I)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

34

1.19

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

1
dx
2
1 + x

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z2 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(I, f(z)) = I
2
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

The solution is
Z

1
dx =
1
+
x2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
dx =
2
1 + x
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
35

1.20

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z
3
x

1
dx
+1

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z3 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z =

1 1
1 1
I 3}, {z = + I 3}]
2 2
2 2

The singularity
z = 1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1
3

The singularity
z=

1 1
I 3
2 2

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity
z=

1 1
+ I 3
2 2

is in our region and we will add the following residue

1 1
1

res( + I 3, f(z)) = 2
2 2
3I 3 3
Our sum is
X
1
1

2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( + 2
)
6
3I 3 3
The solution is
Z

x3

1
1
1

dx = 2 I ( + 2
)
+1
6
3I 3 3

36

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
1
1
dx =
dx
3
3
x + 1
x + 1
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

37

1.21

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x6

1
dx
+1

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z6 + 1

We find singularities
1
[{z = I}, {z = I}, {z =
2
q

1
{z =
2 2 I 3}]
2
The singularity

q
q
q

1
1
2 + 2 I 3}, {z =
2 + 2 I 3}, {z =
2 2 I 3},
2
2

z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(I, f(z)) = I
6
The singularity
q

1
2 + 2I 3
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
q

1
1
16

res(
2 + 2 I 3, f(z)) =
2
3 (2 + 2 I 3)(5/2)
The singularity
q

1
z=
2 + 2I 3
2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
q

1
z=
2 2I 3
2
z=

38

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity
q

1
z=
2 2I 3
2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
q

1
16
1

res(
2 2 I 3, f(z)) =
2
3 (2 2 I 3)(5/2)
Our sum is
2I (

1
16
16
1
1

res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( I+

)
6
3 (2 + 2 I 3)(5/2) 3 (2 2 I 3)(5/2)

The solution is
Z
1
1
16
1
16
1

dx = 2 I ( I +

)
6+1
(5/2)
x
6
3
3
(2 + 2 I 3)
(2 2 I 3)(5/2)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
2
dx =
6+1
x
3

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

39

1.22

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

(x2

x
dx
+ 4 x + 13)2

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

z
+ 4 z + 13)2

We find singularities
[{z = 2 + 3 I}, {z = 2 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 + 3 I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 + 3 I, f(z)) =

1
I
54

The singularity
z = 2 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
27
The solution is
Z

x
1
dx =
2 + 4 x + 13)2
(x
27

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x
1
dx =
2
2
27
(x + 4 x + 13)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
40

1.23

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

(x2

x2
dx
+ 1) (x2 + 9)

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 1) (z 2 + 9)

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(3 I, f(z)) =

3
I
16

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
I
16

Our sum is
X
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
4

41

The solution is

x2
1
dx =
2
2
4
(x + 1) (x + 9)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x2
1
dx =
2
2
4
(x + 1) (x + 9)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

42

1.24

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

(x2

x2
dx
+ 1)3

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 1)3

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1
I
16

Our sum is
X
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
8
The solution is

1
x2
dx =
2
3
8
(x + 1)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x2
1
dx =
2
3
8
(x + 1)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
43

1.25

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

(x2

x2
dx
+ 4)2

Hint.
Type II
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 4)2

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(2 I, f(z)) = I
8
The singularity
z = 2 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) =
4
The solution is

x2
1
dx =
2
2
4
(x + 4)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x2
1
dx =
2
2
4
(x + 4)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
44

1.26

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z 3
(x + 5 x) e(I x)
dx
4
2
x + 10 x + 9
Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 3 + 5 z) e(I z)
z 4 + 10 z 2 + 9

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1 (3)
e
4

res(3 I, f(z)) =
The singularity
z = 3 I

will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.

The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1 (1)
e
4

Our sum is
2I (

1
1
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( e(3) + e(1) )
4
4

45

The solution is
Z

(x3 + 5 x) e(I x)
1
1
dx = 2 I ( e(3) + e(1) )
4 + 10 x2 + 9
x
4
4

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z 3
1
(x + 5 x) e(I x)
1
1
1
dx = I cosh(1)+ I cosh(3) I sinh(3) I sinh(1)
4 + 10 x2 + 9
x
2
2
2
2

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

46

1.27

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z (I x) 2
e
(x 1)
dx
2 + 1)
x
(x

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z) (z 2 1)
z (z 2 + 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(0, f(z)) = 1
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) = e(1)
Our sum is
2I (

1
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( + e(1) )
2

The solution is

e(I x) (x2 1)
1
dx = 2 I ( + e(1) )
2
2
x (x + 1)

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x) 2
Z
e
(x 1)
(cos(x) + I sin(x)) (x2 1)
dx
=
dx
2
x (x2 + 1)
x (x + 1)

47

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

48

1.28

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
(x + 4) (x 1)

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

e(I z)
+ 4) (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = 1}]
The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 I, f(z)) = (

1
1
+
I) e(2)
10 20

The singularity
z = 2 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1 I
e
5

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ((

The solution is
Z

1
1
1 I
+
I) e(2) +
e )
10 20
10

e(I x)
1
1
1 I
dx = 2 I (( +
I) e(2) +
e )
2 + 4) (x 1)
(x
10
20
10

49

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
e(I x)
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx
=
dx
2 + 4) (x 1)
2
(x

(x + 4) (x 1)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

50

1.29

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
x (x + 1)

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(0, f(z)) = 1
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(I, f(z)) = e(1)
2
Our sum is
2I (

1 1
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( e(1) )
2 2

The solution is

e(I x)
1 1
dx = 2 I ( e(1) )
2
2 2
x (x + 1)

51

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
e(I x)
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx
=
dx
2 + 1)
x
(x
x (x2 + 1)

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

52

1.30

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
2
x (x + 9)

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 9)2

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(0, f(z)) =

1
81

The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(3 I, f(z)) =

5 (3)
e
324

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
X
5 (3)
1

e
)
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I (
162 324
The solution is

5 (3)
e(I x)
1

e
)
dx = 2 I (
2
2
162 324
x (x + 9)

53

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
e(I x)
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx
=
dx
2 + 9)2
x
(x
x (x2 + 9)2

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

54

1.31

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
x (x 2 x + 2)

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

e(I z)
2 z + 2)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = 1 + I}, {z = 1 I}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(0, f(z)) =

1
2

The singularity
z =1+I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1 1
res(1 + I, f(z)) = ( I) eI e(1)
4 4
The singularity
z =1I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

1 1
1
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( + ( I) eI e(1) )
4
4 4

The solution is
Z

1
1 1
e(I x)
dx = 2 I ( + ( I) eI e(1) )
2
4
4 4
x (x 2 x + 2)

55

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
e(I x)
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx
=
dx
2 2 x + 2)
2
x
(x

x (x 2 x + 2)
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

56

1.32

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
x + 1

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(I, f(z)) = I e(1)
2
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) = e(1)

The solution is

e(I x)
dx = e(1)
2
x + 1

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x)
e
dx = sinh(1) + cosh(1)
2
x + 1
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
57

1.33

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2

e(I x)
dx
+ 4 x + 20

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z 2 + 4 z + 20

We find singularities
[{z = 2 4 I}, {z = 2 + 4 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 4 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = 2 + 4 I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 + 4 I, f(z)) =

1 I e(4)
8 (eI )2

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

1 e(4)
4 (eI )2

The solution is
Z

x2

1 e(4)
e(I x)
dx =
+ 4 x + 20
4 (eI )2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
e(I x)
1
1
dx = I sin(2 4 I) + cos(2 4 I)
2 + 4 x + 20
x
4
4

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
58

1.34

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2

e(I x)
dx
5x + 6

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z = 3}]
The singularity
z=2
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(2, f(z)) = (eI )2
The singularity
z=3
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(3, f(z)) = (eI )3
Our sum is
X
1
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( (eI )2 + (eI )3 )
2
2
The solution is

e(I x)
1
1
dx = 2 I ( (eI )2 + (eI )3 )
2 5x + 6
x
2
2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
cos(x) + I sin(x)
e(I x)
dx =
dx
2
x2 5 x + 6
x 5 x + 6

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
59

1.35

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
3
x + 1

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z3 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z =

1 1
1 1
I 3}, {z = + I 3}]
2 2
2 2

The singularity
z = 1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1 1
3 eI

The singularity
1 1
I 3
2 2
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=

1 1
+ I 3
2 2
is in our region and we will add the following residue
z=

1 1
(1)(1/2 )
p
p
res( + I 3, f(z)) = 2
2 2
3 I e( 3) 3 3 e( 3)
Our sum is
1

X
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I
The solution is
Z (I x)
e
dx = 2 I
3+1
x

1 1
(1)(1/2 )
p
p
+
2

6 eI
3 I e( 3) 3 3 e( 3)

1 1
(1)(1/2 )
p
p
+2
I
6 e
3 I e( 3) 3 3 e( 3)
60

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x)
Z
e
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx
=
dx
3+1
x
x3 + 1

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

61

1.36

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
4
x 1

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z4 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 1}]
The singularity
z = 1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1 1
4 eI

The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1 (1)
Ie
4

The singularity
z=1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1 I
e
4

Our sum is
X
1 1
1
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( I + I e(1) + eI )
8 e
4
8

62

The solution is

e(I x)
1
1 1
1
dx = 2 I ( I + I e(1) + eI )
41
x
8
e
4
8

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x)
Z
cos(x) + I sin(x)
e
dx
=
dx
41
x
x4 1

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

63

1.37

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
x

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z

We find singularities
[{z = 0}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(0, f(z)) = 1
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) = I

The solution is

e(I x)
dx = I
x

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x)
Z
e
cos(x) + I sin(x)
dx =
dx
x
x

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

64

1.38

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x e(I x)
dx
4
1 x

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
1 z4

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 1}]
The singularity
z = 1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(1, f(z)) =

1 1
4 eI

The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(I, f(z)) =

1 (1)
e
4

The singularity
z=1
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
1
res(1, f(z)) = eI
4
Our sum is
X
1 1
1
1
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( I + e(1) eI )
8 e
4
8

65

The solution is

x e(I x)
1 1
1
1
dx = 2 I ( I + e(1) eI )
4
1

x
8
e
4
8

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
x (cos(x) + I sin(x))
x e(I x)
dx
=

dx
4
1

x
1 + x4

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

66

1.39

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x e(I x)
dx
2
x + 4 x + 20

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2

z e(I z)
+ 4 z + 20

We find singularities
[{z = 2 4 I}, {z = 2 + 4 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 4 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = 2 + 4 I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 + 4 I, f(z)) =

1 I (4 I e(4) 2 e(4) )
8
(eI )2

Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) =

1 (4 I e(4) 2 e(4) )
4
(eI )2

The solution is
Z

x2

x e(I x)
1 (4 I e(4) 2 e(4) )
dx =
+ 4 x + 20
4
(eI )2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x e(I x)
dx =
2
x + 4 x + 20
1
1
sin(2 4 I) + I cos(2 4 I) + I sin(2 4 I) cos(2 4 I)
2
2

67

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

68

1.40

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x e(I x)
dx
2
x + 9

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z2 + 9

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(3 I, f(z)) =

1 (3)
e
2

The singularity
z = 3 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

res(z, f(z))) = I e(3)

The solution is

x e(I x)
dx = I e(3)
2
x + 9

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x e(I x)
dx = I cosh(3) I sinh(3)
2
x + 9
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
69

1.41

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2

x e(I x)
dx
2 x + 10

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z 2 2 z + 10

We find singularities
[{z = 1 3 I}, {z = 1 + 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 1 3I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z = 1 + 3I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(1 + 3 I, f(z)) = I (3 I eI e(3) + eI e(3) )
6
Our sum is
2I (
The solution is
Z

res(z, f(z))) =

1
(3 I eI e(3) + eI e(3) )
3

x e(I x)
1
dx = (3 I eI e(3) + eI e(3) )
2
3
x 2 x + 10

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
x e(I x)
dx =
2
x 2 x + 10
1
1
sin(1 + 3 I) + I cos(1 + 3 I) + I sin(1 + 3 I) + cos(1 + 3 I)
3
3
Info.
not given
70

Comment.
no comment

71

1.42

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x2

x e(I x)
dx
5x + 6

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z = 3}]
The singularity
z=2
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(2, f(z)) = 2 (eI )2
The singularity
z=3
is on the real line and we will add one half of the following residue
res(3, f(z)) = 3 (eI )3
Our sum is
X
3
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ((eI )2 + (eI )3 )
2
The solution is

x e(I x)
3
dx = 2 I ((eI )2 + (eI )3 )
2 5x + 6
x
2

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
Z
x (cos(x) + I sin(x))
x e(I x)
dx =
dx
2
x2 5 x + 6
x 5 x + 6

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
72

1.43

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

e(I x)
dx
2
x

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2

We find singularities
[{z = 0}]
The singularity
z=0
is on the real line and is not a simple pole, we cannot count the integral with
the residue theorem ...
Our sum is
X
2I (
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I
The solution is

e(I x)
dx = 2 I
2
x

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z (I x)
e
dx =
2
x
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

73

1.44

Problem.

Using the Residue theorem evaluate

Z

x3 e(I x)
dx
4
2
x + 5 x + 4

Hint.
Type III
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z4

z 3 e(I z)
+ 5 z2 + 4

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
res(2 I, f(z)) =

2 (2)
e
3

The singularity
z = I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity
z=I
is in our region and we will add the following residue
1
res(I, f(z)) = e(1)
6
The singularity
z = 2 I
will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
Our sum is
2I (

1
2
res(z, f(z))) = 2 I ( e(2) e(1) )
3
6

74

The solution is
Z

x4

x3 e(I x)
2
1
dx = 2 I ( e(2) e(1) )
+ 5 x2 + 4
3
6

We can try to solve it using real calculus and obtain the result
Z
1
x3 e(I x)
4
4
1
dx = I cosh(1)+ I cosh(2) I sinh(2)+ I sinh(1)
4
2+4
x
+
5
x
3
3
3
3

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

75

Zero Sum theorem for residues problems

We recall the definition:

Notation. For a function f holomorphic on some neighbourhood of infinity we
define
  

1
1
f
,0 .
res (f, ) = res
2
z
z
We will solve several problems using the following theorem:
Theorem. (Zero Sum theorem for residues) For a function f holomorphic in
the extended complex plane C {} with at most finitely many exceptions the
sum of residues is zero, i.e.
X
res (f, w) = 0 .
wC{}

Notation.(Example f (z) = 1/z) Projecting on the Riemann sphere we observe

the north pole on globe (i.e. ) with the residue -1 and at the south pole (the
origin) with residue 1. Green is the zero level on the Riemann sphere while the
blue gradually turning red is the imaginary part of log z demonstrating that
Zero Sum theorem holds for 1/z.

76

2.1

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 + 1
z4 + 1
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 + 1
z4 + 1

We find singularities
[{z =

1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2+ I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2+ I 2}]
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1+I

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1 I

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1 + I

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

77

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1I

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1+I
1 I
1 + I
1I

2I 2 2 2 2I 2 2 2 2I 2 + 2 2 2I 2 + 2 2

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

78

2.2

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 1
(z 2 + 1)2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 1
(z 2 + 1)2

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = 0
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = 0
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

79

2.3

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 z + 2
+ 10 z 2 + 9

z4
Hint.

no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 z + 2
+ 10 z 2 + 9

z4

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
1
7
+
I
16 48

res(f(z), 3 I) =
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
1
+
I
16 16

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
1

I
16 16

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

80

1
7

I
16 48

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

81

2.4

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

1
+ 1) (z 2 + 4)2

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

1
+ 1) (z 2 + 4)2

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
1
I
18

res(f(z), I) =
The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

11
I
288

The singularity
z = 2 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

11
I
288

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

82

1
I
18

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

83

2.5

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

1
+ 1) (z 2 + 9)

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

1
+ 1) (z 2 + 9)

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1
I
48

The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

84

1
I
48

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

85

2.6

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
(z I) (z 2 I)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z I) (z 2 I)

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) = I
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = I
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

86

2.7

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
(z I) (z 2 I) (z + 3 I)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z I) (z 2 I) (z + 3 I)

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1
20

The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

1
5

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
4

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

87

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

88

2.8

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2

1
+1

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z2 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
2

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I
2
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

89

2.9

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z3

1
+1

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z3 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z =

1 1
1 1
I 3}, {z = + I 3}]
2 2
2 2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
3

The singularity
z=

1 1
I 3
2 2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1 1

I 3) = 2
2 2
3I 3 + 3

The singularity
z=

1 1
+ I 3
2 2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1 1
1

+ I 3) = 2
2 2
3I 3 3

At infinity we get the residue

1
1
1

res(f(z), ) = + 2
2
3
3I 3 + 3
3I 3 3

90

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

91

2.10

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
+1

z6
Hint.

no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z6 + 1

We find singularities
q
q
q

1
1
1
[{z = I}, {z =
2 2 I 3}, {z =
2 2 I 3}, {z =
2 + 2 I 3},
2
2
2
q

1
{z =
2 + 2 I 3}, {z = I}]
2
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
1
I
6

res(f(z), I) =
The singularity
1
z=
2

q
2 2I

adds the following residue

1
res(f(z),
2

q
2 2I

3) =

16
1

3 (2 2 I 3)(5/2)

The singularity
1
z=
2

q
2 2I

adds the following residue

1
res(f(z),
2

q
2 2I

3) =

92

1
16

3 (2 2 I 3)(5/2)

The singularity
z=

1
2

q
2 + 2I

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
2

q
2 + 2I

3) =

16
1

3 (2 + 2 I 3)(5/2)

The singularity
1
z=
2

q
2 + 2I

adds the following residue

1
res(f(z),
2

q
2 + 2I

3) =

16
1

3 (2 + 2 I 3)(5/2)

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I
6
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

93

2.11

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z
(z 2 + 4 z + 13)2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

z
+ 4 z + 13)2

We find singularities
[{z = 2 3 I}, {z = 2 + 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 3 I) =

1
I
54

The singularity
z = 2 + 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 + 3 I) =

1
I
54

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

94

2.12

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

z2
+ 1) (z 2 + 9)

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 1) (z 2 + 9)

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

3
I
16

The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

95

3
I
16

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

96

2.13

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

z2
+ 1)3

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 1)3

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
16

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

97

2.14

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

z2
+ 4)2

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 4)2

We find singularities
[{z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), 2 I) = I
8
The singularity
z = 2 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

1
I
8

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

98

2.15

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 3 + 5 z) e(I z)
z 4 + 10 z 2 + 9
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 3 + 5 z) e(I z)
z 4 + 10 z 2 + 9

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = I}, {z = I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 3
e
4

The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
e
4

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1 (1)
e
4

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

99

1 (3)
e
4

At infinity we get the residue

1
1
1
1
res(f(z), ) = e3 e e(1) e(3)
4
4
4
4
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

100

2.16

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z) (z 2 1)
z (z 2 + 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z) (z 2 1)
z (z 2 + 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = e
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = e(1)
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1 e e(1)
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

101

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

102

2.17

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

e(I z)
+ 4) (z 1)

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

e(I z)
+ 4) (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1 I
e
5

The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) = (

1
1
+
I) e(2)
10 20

The singularity
z = 2 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) = (

1
1

I) e2
10 20

At infinity we get the residue

1
1
1
1
1
I) e(2) + ( +
I) e2
res(f(z), ) = eI + (
5
10 20
10 20
and finally we obtain the sum
X
res(f(z), z) = 0

103

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

104

2.18

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = e
2
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = e(1)
2
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1 +

1
1
e + e(1)
2
2

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

105

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

106

2.19

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 9)2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z (z 2 + 9)2

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 0}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 3
e
324

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) =

1
81

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

5 (3)
e
324

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1
5 (3)
1 3
e
+
e
324
81 324

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

107

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

108

2.20

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z

(z 2

e(I z)
2 z + 2)

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

e(I z)
2 z + 2)

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = 1 I}, {z = 1 + I}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) =

1
2

The singularity
z =1I
adds the following residue
1 1
res(f(z), 1 I) = ( + I) eI e
4 4
The singularity
z =1+I
adds the following residue
1 1
res(f(z), 1 + I) = ( I) eI e(1)
4 4
At infinity we get the residue
1 1
1 1
1
res(f(z), ) = + ( I) eI e + ( + I) eI e(1)
2
4 4
4 4
and finally we obtain the sum
X
res(f(z), z) = 0

109

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

110

2.21

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z2 + 1
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
Ie
2

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I e(1)
2
At infinity we get the residue
1
1
res(f(z), ) = I e + I e(1)
2
2
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
111

2.22

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2

e(I z)
+ 4 z + 20

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2

e(I z)
+ 4 z + 20

We find singularities
[{z = 2 4 I}, {z = 2 + 4 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 4 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 4 I) =

1 I e4
8 (eI )2

The singularity
z = 2 + 4 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 + 4 I) =

1 I e(4)
8 (eI )2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1 I e4
1 I e(4)
+
8 (eI )2
8 (eI )2

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
112

2.23

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z = 3}]
The singularity
z=2
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2) = (eI )2
The singularity
z=3
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3) = (eI )3
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = (eI )2 (eI )3
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

113

2.24

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z3 + 1
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z3 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z =

1 1
1 1
I 3}, {z = + I 3}]
2 2
2 2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1 1
3 eI

The singularity
z=

1 1
I 3
2 2

adds the following residue

p
1
1 1
(1)(1/2 ) e( 3)

res(f(z), I 3) = 2
2 2
3I 3 + 3
The singularity
z=

1 1
+ I 3
2 2

adds the following residue

1

1 1
(1)(1/2 )
p
p
res(f(z), + I 3) = 2
2 2
3 I e( 3) 3 3 e( 3)
At infinity we get the residue
p
1
1
1 1
(1)(1/2 ) e( 3)
(1)(1/2 )

p
p
res(f(z), ) = I + 2
2
3 e
3I 3 + 3
3 I e( 3) 3 3 e( 3)
114

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

115

2.25

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z4 1
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z4 1

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1 I
e
4

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1 1
4 eI

The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I e
4
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

116

1 (1)
Ie
4

At infinity we get the residue

1
1
1 1
1
+ I e I e(1)
res(f(z), ) = eI +
4
4 eI
4
4
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

117

2.26

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z

We find singularities
[{z = 0}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

118

2.27

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z e(I z)
1 z4
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
1 z4

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), 1) = eI
4
The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1 1
4 eI

The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
e
4

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

119

1 (1)
e
4

At infinity we get the residue

1
1 I 1 1
1
e e(1)
e +
4
4 eI
4
4

res(f(z), ) =
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

120

2.28

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2

z e(I z)
+ 4 z + 20

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2

z e(I z)
+ 4 z + 20

We find singularities
[{z = 2 4 I}, {z = 2 + 4 I}]
The singularity
z = 2 4 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 4 I) =

1 I (4 I e4 + 2 e4 )
8
(eI )2

The singularity
z = 2 + 4 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 + 4 I) =

1 I (4 I e(4) 2 e(4) )
8
(eI )2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1 I (4 I e4 + 2 e4 ) 1 I (4 I e(4) 2 e(4) )
+
8
(eI )2
8
(eI )2

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
121

2.29

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z e(I z)
z2 + 9
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z2 + 9

We find singularities
[{z = 3 I}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 3
e
2

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 (3)
e
2

At infinity we get the residue

1
1
res(f(z), ) = e3 e(3)
2
2
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
122

2.30

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z e(I z)
z 2 2 z + 10
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z 2 2 z + 10

We find singularities
[{z = 1 3 I}, {z = 1 + 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 1 3I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), 1 3 I) = I (3 I eI e3 eI e3 )
6
The singularity
z = 1 + 3I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), 1 + 3 I) = I (3 I eI e(3) + eI e(3) )
6
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) =

1
1
I (3 I eI e3 eI e3 ) + I (3 I eI e(3) + eI e(3) )
6
6

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
123

2.31

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z e(I z)
z2 5 z + 6

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z = 3}]
The singularity
z=2
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2) = 2 (eI )2
The singularity
z=3
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3) = 3 (eI )3
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 2 (eI )2 3 (eI )3
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

124

2.32

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

e(I z)
z2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

e(I z)
z2

We find singularities
[{z = 0}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = I
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = I
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

125

2.33

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z 3 e(I z)
z4 + 5 z2 + 4
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z 3 e(I z)
z4 + 5 z2 + 4

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = e
6
The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

2 (2)
e
3

The singularity
z = 2 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

2 2
e
3

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = e(1)
6
126

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1
2
2
1
e e(2) e2 + e(1)
6
3
3
6

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

127

2.34

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 + 1
ez
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 + 1
ez

We find singularities
[{z = }]
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

128

2.35

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 + z 1
z 2 (z 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 + z 1
z 2 (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) = 1
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 0
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

129

2.36

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z2 2 z + 5
(z 2) (z 2 + 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2 2 z + 5
(z 2) (z 2 + 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 2}, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z=2
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2) = 1
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = I
The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) = I
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

130

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

131

2.37

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
(z + 1) (z 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
(z + 1) (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

132

2.38

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
z (1 z 2 )
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z (1 z 2 )

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

133

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

134

2.39

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z

(z 2

1
+ 4)2

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

1
+ 4)2

We find singularities
[{z = 0}, {z = 2 I}, {z = 2 I}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) =

1
16

The singularity
z = 2I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

1
32

The singularity
z = 2 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2 I) =

1
32

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

135

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

136

2.40

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
z (z 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) = 1
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

137

2.41

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
z (z 1)
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z (z 1)

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) = 1
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

138

2.42

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

1
+ 1)2

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

1
+ 1)2

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
4

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I
4
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

139

2.43

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z3

1
z5

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z3 z5

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

140

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

141

2.44

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z4

1
+1

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z4 + 1

We find singularities
[{z =

1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2+ I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2+ I 2}]
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

1
1
1

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

res(f(z),
The singularity

z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

142

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

143

2.45

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
z z3
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z z3

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 1}, {z = 0}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z = 1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) =

1
2

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

144

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

145

2.46

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

1
z
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

1
z

We find singularities
[{z = 0}]
The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 1
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

146

2.47

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

ez
(z 2 + 9) z 2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

ez
+ 9) z 2

We find singularities
[{z = }, {z = 3 I}, {z = 0}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 I
54 (eI )3

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) =

1
9

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1
I (eI )3
54

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1 I
1
1

I (eI )3
I
3
54 (e )
9 54

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

147

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

148

2.48

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

ez
z2 + 1
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

ez
z2 + 1

We find singularities
[{z = }, {z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1 I
2 eI

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I eI
2
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) =

1 I
1
+ I eI
2 eI
2

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

149

2.49

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

ez
(z 2 + 9) z 2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

(z 2

ez
+ 9) z 2

We find singularities
[{z = }, {z = 3 I}, {z = 0}, {z = 3 I}]
The singularity
z = 3 I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1 I
54 (eI )3

The singularity
z=0
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 0) =

1
9

The singularity
z = 3I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 3 I) =

1
I (eI )3
54

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) =

1 I
1
1

I (eI )3
I
3
54 (e )
9 54

and finally we obtain the sum

X

res(f(z), z) = 0

150

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

151

2.50

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z
(z 1) (z 2)2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z
(z 1) (z 2)2

We find singularities
[{z = 1}, {z = 2}]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) = 1
The singularity
z=2
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 2) = 1
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

152

2.51

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

(z 2

z2
+ 1)2

Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z2
(z 2 + 1)2

We find singularities
[{z = I}, {z = I}]
The singularity
z = I
adds the following residue
res(f(z), I) =

1
I
4

The singularity
z=I
adds the following residue
1
res(f(z), I) = I
4
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

153

2.52

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z4
+1

z4
Hint.

no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z4
+1

z4

We find singularities
[{z =

1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2+ I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2 I 2}, {z =
2+ I 2}]
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2 I 2
2
2

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

The singularity
z=

1
1
2+ I 2
2
2

154

adds the following residue

res(f(z),

1
1
1

2 + I 2) =
2
2
2I 2 + 2 2

At infinity we get the residue

res(f(z), ) = 0
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

155

2.53

Problem.

Check the Zero Sum theorem for the following function

z5
(1 z)2
Hint.
no hint
Solution.
We denote
f(z) =

z5
(1 z)2

We find singularities
[{z = }, {z = 1}, {z = }]
The singularity
z=1
adds the following residue
res(f(z), 1) = 5
At infinity we get the residue
res(f(z), ) = 5
and finally we obtain the sum
X

res(f(z), z) = 0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

156

Power series problems

Example

X
zn
n2
n=1

157

3.1

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
(1)(n+1) z n
n
n=1

Hint.
derive once and sum
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

(1)(n+1) z n
n

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

(1)(n+2) z (n+1)
n+1

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case

 (n+1) 
 z
n 
lim 
= |z|
n  (n + 1) z n 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [

(1)(n+1) z n ( 1 )
] n = |z|
n

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
(1)(n+1) z n
= ln(1 + z)
n
n=1

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
158

3.2

Problem.

Sum the following power series

(1)n n2 z n

n=1

Hint.
divide by z and integrate
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) = (1)n n2 z n
For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)
a(n + 1) = (1)(n+1) (n + 1)2 z (n+1)
Ratio test computes
lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (n + 1)2 z (n+1) 

 = |z|
lim

n 
n2 z n
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

1

lim [(1)n n2 z n ]( n ) = |z|

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

(1)n n2 z n =

n=1

z (z + 1)
(1 + z)3

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

159

3.3

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
(1)n n3 z n
(n + 1)!
n=0

Hint.
manipulate the numerator to cancel
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

(1)n n3 z n
(n + 1)!

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

(1)(n+1) (n + 1)3 z (n+1)

(n + 2)!

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (n + 1)3 z (n+1) (n + 1)! 

=0
lim

n 
(n + 2)! n3 z n
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [



(1)n n3 z n ( 1 ) 
(1)n n3 z n ( 1 ) 
] n =  lim (
) n 
n
(n + 1)!
(n + 1)!

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
(1)n n3 z n
=
(n + 1)!
n=0

(z)

1 1e
(1 + z)
z 2
12
2
2
z

1 e(z) (1 + z +
z2

160

1
1 2
1
z )
1 e(z) (1 + z + z 2 + z 3 )

2
2
6
+ 12

2
z

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

161

3.4

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
(1)n z n
n (2 n 1)
n=1

Hint.
make the power 2n and derive twice
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
(1)n z n
n (2 n 1)

a(n) =

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

(1)(n+1) z (n+1)
(n + 1) (2 n + 1)

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case

 (n+1)

 z
n (2 n 1) 
lim 
= |z|
n (n + 1) (2 n + 1) z n 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [

(1)n z n ( 1 )
] n = |z|
n (2 n 1)

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
(1)n z n
1 3
= z hypergeom([1, 1, ], [ , 2], z)
n (2 n 1)
2 2
n=1

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
162

3.5

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
(2 n + 1) z n
n!
n=0

Hint.
prepare a combination of exponentials
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

(2 n + 1) z n
n!

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

(2 n + 3) z (n+1)
(n + 1)!

a(n + 1) =
Ratio test computes
lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (2 n + 3) z (n+1) n! 

=0
lim
n  (n + 1)! (2 n + 1) z n 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case



(2 n + 1) z n ( 1 ) 
(2 n + 1) z n ( 1 ) 
n
n
lim [
]
=  lim (
) 
n
n
n!
n!
From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
(2 n + 1) z n
1
= 2 ez ( + z)
n!
2
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
163

3.6

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
(n2 2) z n
2n n!
n=0

Hint.
prepare a combination of exponentials
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
(n2 2) z n
2n n!
For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)
a(n) =

a(n + 1) =

((n + 1)2 2) z (n+1)

2(n+1) (n + 1)!

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 ((n + 1)2 2) z (n+1) n! 


2 
(n + 1)! (n2 2) z n 
lim
=0
n
2(n+1)
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [



(n2 2) z n ( 1 ) 
(n2 2) z n ( 1 ) 
n
n
]
=
lim
(
)
n

2n n!
2n n!

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
(n2 2) z n
1 (1/2 z)
1
1
= 2 e(1/2 z) +
2e
z+ ( 2+1) e(1/2 z) z+ e(1/2 z) z 2
n
2
n!
2
2
4
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
164

3.7

Problem.

Sum the following power series

n (n + 1) z n

n=0

Hint.
divide by z and integrate twice
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) = n (n + 1) z n
For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)
a(n + 1) = (n + 1) (n + 2) z (n+1)
Ratio test computes
lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (n + 2) z (n+1) 

 = |z|
lim

n 
n zn
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

1

lim [n (n + 1) z n ]( n ) = |z|

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

n (n + 1) z n = 2

n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

165

z
(z 1)3

3.8

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
n zn
5n
n=0

Hint.
divide by z and integrate
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

n zn
5n

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

(n + 1) z (n+1)
5(n+1)

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (n + 1) z (n+1) 


5 

1
n zn
lim
= |z|
(n+1)
n
5
5
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [



n z n ( 1 ) 
n z n ( 1 ) 
n
n
]
lim
(
)
=
n 5n

5n

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
n zn
z
=5
n
5
(z

5)2
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
166

3.9

Problem.

Sum the following power series

n2 z (n1)

n=1

Hint.
integrate divide by z and integrate
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) = n2 z (n1)
For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)
a(n + 1) = (n + 1)2 z n
Ratio test computes
lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case



 (n + 1)2 z n 
 = |z|

lim
n  n2 z (n1) 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

1

lim [n2 z (n1) ]( n ) = |z|

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

n2 z (n1) =

n=1

1+z
(z + 1)3

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment

167

3.10

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
z (2 n)
(2 n)!
n=0

Hint.
manipulate to exponentials
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

z (2 n)
(2 n)!

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

z (2 n+2)
(2 n + 2)!

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case


 (2 n+2)
 z
(2 n)! 
=0
lim 
n (2 n + 2)! z (2 n) 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [

z (2 n) ( 1 )
] n =0
(2 n)!

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
z (2 n)
= cosh(z)
(2 n)!
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
168

3.11

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
z (2 n1)
(2 n 1)!
n=0

Hint.
manipulate to exponentials
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

z (2 n1)
(2 n 1)!

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

z (2 n+1)
(2 n + 1)!

Ratio test computes

lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case

 (2 n+1)

z
(2 n 1)! 
lim 
=0
n (2 n + 1)! z (2 n1) 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case



z (2 n1) ( 1 ) 
z (2 n1) ( 1 ) 
lim [
] n =  lim (
) n 
n (2 n 1)!
n (2 n 1)!
From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
z (2 n1)
= sinh(z)
(2 n 1)!
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
169

3.12

Problem.

Sum the following power series

zn
n (n + 1)
n=1
Hint.
multiple by z and derive twice
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

zn
n (n + 1)

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

z (n+1)
(n + 1) (n + 2)

a(n + 1) =
Ratio test computes
lim

|a(n + 1)|
|a(n)|

and obtains in our case

 (n+1) 
 z
n 
= |z|
lim 
n (n + 2) z n 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case

lim [

1
zn
]( n ) = |z|
n (n + 1)

From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

ln(z + 1)

1)
(z

1)
n
X
1
2 z + 2
z
z
= z 2

n (n + 1)
2
z
z1
n=1
Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
170

3.13

Problem.

Sum the following power series

X
zn
n!
n=0

Hint.
manipulate to exponentials
Solution.
We denote the n-th term in the series by
a(n) =

zn
n!

For the ratio test we need the term a(n + 1)

a(n + 1) =

z (n+1)
(n + 1)!

Ratio test computes

|a(n + 1)|
n
|a(n)|
lim

and obtains in our case

 (n+1)

 z
n! 

=0
lim
n  (n + 1)! z n 
Moreover we can check the root test computing
p
lim n |a(n)|
n

and obtain in our case



z n ( 1 ) 
z n ( 1 ) 
n
n
=  lim ( ) 
lim [ ]
n n!
n n!
From this we conclude the radius of convergence R. For |z| < R we sum the
series using common tricks for power series

X
zn
= ez
n!
n=0

Info.
not given
Comment.
no comment
171