What Is IMT-2000 ?: Wireless Generations

IMT-2000
What is IMT-2000 ?
• International Mobile Telecommunications –2000 (IMT-2000) is an initiative
of ITU that seeks to integrate the various satellite, terrestrial, fixed and
mobile systems currently being deployed and developed under a single
standard or family of standards to promote global service capabilities and
interoperability after the year 2000.
• These services are known as Third Generation or 3G services.
• A future standard in which a single inexpensive mobile terminal can truly
provide communications any time, any where.
Wireless Generations
• 1 G - First Generation - Analog - Only mobile voice services - AMPS,

NMT-450, TACS etc. (Cellular Revolution)
• 2 G - Second Generation - Digital - Mostly for voice services & data
delivery possible – GSM, CDMA(IS-95), DAMPS(IS-136), ETDMA, PDC
etc (Breaking Digital Barrier)
• 3 G - Third Generation - Voice & Data - Mainly for data services where
voice services will also be possible ( Breaking Data Barrier)
Limitations of 2G Systems
• Multiple Standards - No Global Standards

• No Common Frequency Band
• Low Data Bit Rates
• Low Voice Quality
• No Support of Video
• Various Network Systems to meet Specific Requirements
What IMT-2000 Offers ?
• The 3G networks must be capable of providing the following data rates

– 144 Kbps at mobile speeds
– 384 Kbps at pedestrian speeds
– 2 Mbps in fixed locations
• 3G systems will be capable of providing data rates up to 2 Mbps, in
addition to voice, fax services.
• 3G networks will offer the high resolution video and multimedia services
on the move such as mobile service, virtual banking, online billing, video
conferencing etc.
IMT-2000 Key features and objectives
• Incorporation of a variety of systems

• A high degree of commonality of design worldwide
• Compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and with the fixed network
• High quality and integrity comparable to the fixed network
• Use of small pocket terminal world wide
• Connection of mobile users to other mobile users or fixed users
• Provisioning of these services over wide range of user densities and
coverage areas.
• Efficient use of radio spectrum consistent with providing service at
acceptable cost.
• A modular structure which will allow the system to grow in size and
complexity
• Provision of a framework for the continuing expansion of mobile network
services and access to services and facilities of the fixed network
• An open architecture which will permit easy introduction of advances in
technology of different applications
IMT-2000 will provide..
• Enhanced voice quality, ubiquitous coverage and enable operators to

provide service at reasonable cost
• Increased network efficiency and capacity
• New voice and data services and capabilities
• An orderly evolution path from 2G to 3G systems to protect investments.
IMT-2000
The ITU vision of global wireless access
in the 21st century
Global
Satellite
Suburban Urban
In-Building
Picocell
Microcell
Macrocell
Basic Terminal
PDA Terminal
Audio/Visual Terminal
Spectrum Allocation for IMT-2000
• The following spectrum allocations are made for IMT-2000 by ITU till
today:
• 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz
(Core band for IMT-2000)
• 1710-1885 MHz and 2500-2690 MHz (Additional band).
• 806-960 MHz (Additional band)
Technologies for IMT-2000
• ITU has finally narrowed down technology options to the following five:
• IMT-DS (Direct Spread)
• IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)
• IMT-TC (Time Code)
• IMT-SC (Single Carrier)
• IMT-FT (Frequency Time)
IMT-2000 TERRESTRIAL
RADIO INTERFACES
IMT-DS IMT-MC IMT-TC IMT-SC IMT-FT
WCDMA CDMA2000 CDMA-TDD UWC-136 FDMA/TDMA

1X/3X DECT
CDMA TDMA FDMA

Terrestrial Radio Interface Specifications
ITU COMMONLY TECHNOLOGY

NOMENCLATURE KNOWN AS
IMT-DS UTRA-FDD W-CDMA
DIRECT SPREAD (UMTS
TERRESTRIAL
RADIO ACCESS)
IMT-MC CDMA2000 1X & 2X CDMA
MULTI CARRIER
IMT-TC UTRA-TDD CDMA + TDMA
TIME CODE (UMTS
TERRESTRIAL
RADIO ACCESS)
AND
TD-SCDMA
IMT-SC UWV-136 TDMA
SINGLE CARRIER (UNIVERSAL
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS)
IMT-FT DECT TDMA + FDMA
FREQUENCY TIME
Migration Path
• While a multiplicity of 2G standards have been developed and deployed,

the ITU wanted to avoid a similar situation to develop for 3G.
• Hence, the ITU Radio communication Sector (ITU-R) has elaborated on a
framework for a global set of 3G standards, which will facilitate global
roaming by operating in a common core spectrum and providing
migration path to all the major existing 2G technologies.
• The major 2G Radio access networks are based on either cdma-One or
GSM technologies and different migration path is proposed for each of
these technologies.
GSM to 3G
• GSM can be upgraded for higher data rate upto 115 Kbps through deploying
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network .This requires addition of two core
modules
– SGSN (Serving GPRS Service Node)
– GGSN (Gateway GPRS Service Node)
• GSM radio access network is connected to SGSN through suitable interfaces.
• GPRS phase-II will support higher data rates up to 384 Kbps through
incorporating EDGE
( Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution).
• Further, to support data rates up to 2 Mbps, Third Generation radio access
network (3G RAN)
W-CDMA is deployed. 3G RAN is connected to GSM MSC for circuit oriented
services and to SGSN for packet oriented services (internet access). Therefore the
migration path can be represented as :
GSM GPRS EDGE W-CDMA.
CDMA One to 3G
• CDMA One progression towards higher speed data is in manageable steps. The
present data rate of 14.4 is upgradeable to 64 Kbps (IS-95B).
• Still higher data rates are supported through third generation (3G) networks.
CDMA One supports a low risk and flexible phased evolution to 3G, called
cdma2000.
• The first step in this transition to CDMA 2000, also referred as 1xRTT (MC-
CDMA) enables delivering peak data rates of 144 Kbps for stationary and mobile
applications
• Future evolutionary step will produce a harmonized 3xRTT (MC-CDMA)
solution expected to deliver peak data rates of up to 2 Mbps.
• In addition, both 1xRTT and 3xRTT are backward compatible to CDMA One.
Therefore the migration path can be represented as :
CDMA One cdma2000 (MC-CDMA)
Migration Summarized
• In terms of migration of major 2G system to 3G capabilities, there would finally
be 3 modes of CDMA-based radio interfaces (MC-CDMA, W-CDMA and
CDMA-TDD) and two `TDMA based radio interfaces (UWC-136 and DECT).
• Considerable work is being carried out in respect of W-CDMA and CDMA 2000
worldwide. All European countries are expected to deploy W-CDMA as they
have GSM based networks. While other countries such as Japan, Korea, USA etc.
are likely to use CDMA-2000 or W-CDMA.

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IMT-2000

• 1 G - First Generation - Analog - Only mobile voice services - AMPS,

• Multiple Standards - No Global Standards

• The 3G networks must be capable of providing the following data rates

IMT-2000 Key features and objectives

• Incorporation of a variety of systems

IMT-2000 will provide..

• Enhanced voice quality, ubiquitous coverage and enable operators to

Spectrum Allocation for IMT-2000

IMT-DS IMT-MC IMT-TC IMT-SC IMT-FT

WCDMA CDMA2000 CDMA-TDD UWC-136 FDMA/TDMA

CDMA TDMA FDMA

ITU COMMONLY TECHNOLOGY

• While a multiplicity of 2G standards have been developed and deployed,

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