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    Textile Dyeing - Introduction-Libre

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    Ganga Dharan
    This document discusses dyeing textile materials and the factors that influence the dyeing process. It explains that dyeing involves a dye penetrating and being absorbed by a textile fiber. The physical structure of the fiber, such as its crystallinity, porosity, and ability to swell, affects how easily dye can penetrate. The chemical structures of the dye and fiber also impact dyeing, with more linear dyes and dyes able to form hydrogen bonds showing greater substantivity to cellulosic fibers. Different fiber types such as protein, nylon, polyester and acrylic require different dye types depending on their chemical compositions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Textile Dyeing - Introduction-Libre

    Uploaded by

    Ganga Dharan
    137 views10 pages
    This document discusses dyeing textile materials and the factors that influence the dyeing process. It explains that dyeing involves a dye penetrating and being absorbed by a textile fiber. The physical structure of the fiber, such as its crystallinity, porosity, and ability to swell, affects how easily dye can penetrate. The chemical structures of the dye and fiber also impact dyeing, with more linear dyes and dyes able to form hydrogen bonds showing greater substantivity to cellulosic fibers. Different fiber types such as protein, nylon, polyester and acrylic require different dye types depending on their chemical compositions.

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    Introduction about dyeing

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    Textile Dyeing - Introduction-libre

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    This document discusses dyeing textile materials and the factors that influence the dyeing process. It explains that dyeing involves a dye penetrating and being absorbed by a textile fiber. The physical structure of the fiber, such as its crystallinity, porosity, and ability to swell, affects how easily dye can penetrate. The chemical structures of the dye and fiber also impact dyeing, with more linear dyes and dyes able to form hydrogen bonds showing greater substantivity to cellulosic fibers. Different fiber types such as protein, nylon, polyester and acrylic require different dye types depending on their chemical compositions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    137 views10 pages

    Textile Dyeing - Introduction-Libre

    Uploaded by

    Ganga Dharan
    This document discusses dyeing textile materials and the factors that influence the dyeing process. It explains that dyeing involves a dye penetrating and being absorbed by a textile fiber. The physical structure of the fiber, such as its crystallinity, porosity, and ability to swell, affects how easily dye can penetrate. The chemical structures of the dye and fiber also impact dyeing, with more linear dyes and dyes able to form hydrogen bonds showing greater substantivity to cellulosic fibers. Different fiber types such as protein, nylon, polyester and acrylic require different dye types depending on their chemical compositions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    4/20/2012

    Textile Dyeing:
    Introduction

    Dr. Tanveer Hussain

    What is Dyeing?
    The pro ess i the ourse of whi h, a textile material placed in contact with the solution or dispersion of a dye, absorbs the said dye in such a way that the dyed material opposes a certain resistance to releasing the dye from the aterial i whi h it has ee a sor ed.

    The Dyeing of Textile Materials, Texilia, Eurotex.

    4/20/2012

    Phases in Dyeing
    1. Disaggregation of the dye 2. Exhaustion - Movement of the dye from dyebath towards the textile material 3. Adsorption of the dye on the surface of the textile material 4. Diffusion/absorption/penetration of the dye within the textile material 5. Fixation of the dye in the textile material

    Effect of physical structure of the fiber on dyeing

    Fiber molecules are grouped in the form of linear polymeric chains Generally these linear chains of polymers are oriented along the axis of fibriller filaments Dyeability of fibers depends on the orientation of these molecular chains

    4/20/2012

    Effe t of physi al stru ture of the fi er on dyeing


    In crystalline regions of the fiber, the chains are highly oriented posing difficulties in the dye penetration In amorphous regions of the fiber, the chains are less oriented posing less difficulties in the dye penetration Amorphous regions may be considered functioning as pores, thus allowing the dye penetration The size of the fiber pores in relation with the size of the dye molecule determines the ease of penetration

    Effe t of physi al stru ture of the fi er on dyeing


    The size of pores in some fibers increases due to fiber swelling in the presence of water, thus further facilitating the dye penetration Pore size of dry viscose rayon fibers is 5 A while 20-30 A when wet Pore size of different cellulosic fibers range from 20100 A Porosity of viscose rayon > mercerized cotton > Unmercerized cotton In the same dyeing bath, colour intensity of viscose rayon > mercerized cotton > Un-mercerized cotton

    4/20/2012

    Effect of physical structure of the fiber on dyeing

    Pore size of wool fiber in dry state is 6A which increases to 41A when wet Synthetic fibers have high orientation and crystallinity and poor swelling in wet state; consequently dye penetration is comparatively difficult in synthetic dyes

    Effect of dye/fiber chemical structure on dyeing of cellulosic fibers


    General factors for substantivity of dyes with cellulosic fibers
    1. Dye structure linearity
    a. a. Linear dyes have higher substantivity than the branched Dyes having coplanar aromatic nuclei have higher substantivity

    2. Coplanarity

    3. Capability to form hydrogen bonds 4. Separation of hydrogen bond-capable entities by a distance of 10.3 Angstrom or a multiple thereof 5. Existence of a system of conjugated double bonds 6. The presence of solublizing (sulphonic or carboxylic) groups in the minimum possible quantity

    4/20/2012

    Effect of dye/fiber chemical structure on dyeing of cellulosic fibers

    More Linear

    Less Linear

    4/20/2012

    Hydrogen Bonding
    Hydrogen atoms can accept electrons, especially when it is directly linked to nitrogen or oxygen Nitrogen atom in the azo group can donate electrons Oxygen atom in hydroxyl or ether group can also donate electrons Nitrogen and oxygen present in the dye can make hydrogen bond with hydrogen in the hydroxyl group of cellulose Hydrogen present in the dye may form hydrogen bond with oxygen in the cellulose

    Hydrogen Bonding

    4/20/2012

    Cellulose acetate
    Acetylation causes:
    Alteration of surface characteristics Decrease in hydrophilicity Limited inter-miceller canal size due to less swelling because of water

    Suitable dyes for dyeing cellulose acetate


    Dyes with molecular size not exceeding 10 Angstrom Molecules with least number of sulphonic groups Molecules containing basic groups

    4/20/2012

    Protein Fibers
    Contain NH, -NH2 and COOH groups Are hydrophilic because of the above groups Have amphoteric nature In acidic pH, -NH3+ is formed In basic pH, -COO- is formed Normally dyeing is done in acidic pH

    Nylon Fibers

    typical nylon 6.6

    4/20/2012

    Nylon Fibers

    Polyester Fibers
    Normal polyester does not contain any ionic groups The fiber crystallinity is very high Only suitable dye is disperse dye Either temperature > 100C required or special auxiliary (carrier) required for dyeing Cationic dyeable modified polyester is also available

    4/20/2012

    Acrylic Fibers
    Normally contain acidic/anionic groups
    Sulphonic groups; and/or Carboxylic groups

    Because of the presence of acidic groups, acrylic fibers can be dyed with basic/cationic dyes SO3- or COO- groups form bonds with cationic dye

    Summary
    Physical and chemical structure of fiber and dye greatly influence the dyeing process

    10

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